The Effect of Massage on Oxygen Consumption at Rest

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Boone ◽  
Rae Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metabolic Measurement ◽  
Oxygen Difference

This study determined the effect of massage on oxygen consumption at rest. Ten healthy, adult males (mean age = 28 years) volunteered to serve as subjects. During the Control Session, each subject was placed in the supine position on a massage table to remain motionless for 30 minutes. During the Treatment Session, each subject received a 30-minute sports massage of the lower extremities. Oxygen consumption was determined via the Beckman Metabolic Measurement Cart, which was upgraded to estimate cardiac output using the CO 2 rebreathing (equilibrium) method. Paired t-tests were used for all tests of statistical significance. There was no significant difference in the subjects' oxygen consumption with the massage. Also, there were no significant differences in heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and arteriovenous oxygen difference during the massage. These findings indicate (1) that massaging the lower extremities results in neither an increase nor a decrease in the subjects' expenditure of energy at rest and (2) that the energy cost of metabolism at rest is determined by the same central and/or peripheral adjustments.

Regulation of the Circulation During Exercise

1956 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Barger ◽  
V. Richards ◽  
J. Metcalfe ◽  
B. Günther
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Short Bout ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Difference

Oxygen consumption and cardiac output (direct Fick) have been measured in normal dogs at rest and during graded exercise on the treadmill up to a work intensity of 5 mph and 10°. Systemic and pulmonary artery pressures have also been recorded. The changes in cardiac output produced ‘at rest’ by excitement were frequently as large as those induced by moderate exercise. A short bout of exercise followed by a rest period was far more efficacious in producing lower and more uniform results during rest and subsequent exercise than a prolonged rest period alone. Under such conditions the ‘steady state’ was reached in 3 minutes or less of exercise. The linear relation between oxygen consumption and cardiac output during exercise in the dog is similar to that observed in man, and in the horse. The possible significance of this similarity is discussed and it is suggested that the data are consistent with the hypothesis that the increase in blood flow during exercise is largely the increase in muscle flow with a constant arteriovenous oxygen difference of approximately 14 vol. %.

scholarly journals DIFFERENCES IN MAXIMUM OXYGEN CONSUMPTION OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS OF DIFFERENT POSITIONS IN THE TEAM

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ivanek ◽  
Branko Đukić ◽  
Branimir Mikić ◽  
Mane Mirković ◽  
Martina Rezić
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Functional Abilities ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this research is to determine the differences between the aerobic functional abilities of football players from different positions in the team, which should serve as a starting point in planning and monitoring the training process of football players. VO2max, as a basic parameter of functional abilities, was obtained by applying a laboratory progressive test on the treadmill. The sample of respondents was composed of 57 respondents (GOD = 22.47 ± 3.78SD), football players of clubs competing in the first and second leagues of Serbia from the area of Vojvodina, of which 8 goalkeepers, 16 defensive, 17 midfielders and 16 attackers. To test the functional capabilities (oxygen consumption - VOmax), we used a test of progressive continuous load on the treadmill with increasing load per minute through a "breath-by-breath" gas analyzer (Quark PFT ErgoCPET, Cosmed, Italy), which gave data on ventilation and spiroergometric parameters of the subjects by different positions in the team. Anthropometric measures of body weight- (TM) and body height- (TV) were applied to test the morphological characteristics of the subjects. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for data processing. In order to determine the statistically significant differences of the measured variables between football players by positions, a one-factor anova of different groups, the level of statistical significance (p <0.05) was used. The obtained results of maximum oxygen consumption indicated that there is a statistically significant difference in aerobic abilities between goalkeepers and players in other positions, and they are certainly a consequence of the physiological requirements placed before them and the different training process. The highest mean value of VO2 max had midfielders (53.3 ± 1.9 ml / kg / min), followed by attackers (52.9 ± 4.4 ml / kg / min), defensive players (51.8 ± 3, 3 ml / kg / min) while the lowest values were recorded in the goalkeeper (50.5 ± 1.8 ml / kg / min). There is a logical conclusion that the need for running midfielders is the greatest, and the goalkeeper the least, and that the results are the result of training processes and different requirements for individual positions in the team.

Effect of Hypothermia of 2 to 24 Hours on Oxygen Consumption and Cardiac Output in the Dog

1957 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Fisher ◽  
Clem Russ ◽  
E. J. Fedor
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anesthetic Agent ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Initial Decrease ◽  
Physiologic Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Difference

The changes occurring in cardiac output and oxygen consumption in short periods of hypothermia are the same when either ether or pentobarbital sodium is used as the anesthetic agent during the induction of hypothermia. Following an initial decrease in oxygen consumption, no further change occurred as long as the body temperature was maintained at a constant level. Cardiac output, arterial-venous oxygen difference, and coefficient of oxygen utilization remain unchanged for longer periods of time than most physiologic parameters studied during prolonged hypothermia at constant temperatures. After about 14 hours they also begin to alter so that by 24 hours the changes are profound. Stagnant anoxemia and marked increased in the coefficient of O2 utilization resulting from the markedly lowered cardiac output, which was 5% of the precooled controls, occurred.

Cardiac output response and peripheral oxygen extraction during exercise among symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with and without left ventricular outflow tract obstruction

Heart ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H Critoph ◽  
Vimal Patel ◽  
Bryan Mist ◽  
Perry M Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Left Ventricular Outflow ◽  
Oxygen Difference

ObjectiveReduction of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) often improves symptoms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), but the correlation between exercise performance and measured LVOT gradients is weak. We investigated the relationship between LVOTO and cardiorespiratory responses during exercise.MethodsThe study cohort included 70 patients with HCM (32 with LVOTO, 55 male, age 47±13) attending a dedicated cardiomyopathy clinic and 28 normal volunteers. All underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing with simultaneous non-invasive haemodynamic assessment using finger plethysmography. Main outcome measures were peak oxygen consumption, cardiac index and arteriovenous oxygen difference.ResultsWhen compared with controls, patients had reduced peak exercise oxygen consumption (22.4±6.1 vs 34.7±7.7 mL/kg/min, p<0.0001) and cardiac index (5.5±1.9 vs 9.4±2.9 L/min/m2, p<0.0001). At all workloads, stroke volume index (SVI) was lower and arteriovenous oxygen difference greater in patients. During all stages of exercise, LVOTO in patients was associated with failure to augment SVI and higher oxygen consumption; cardiac reserve (4.4±2.7 vs 6.3±3.6 L/min, p=0.025) and peak mean arterial pressure (104±16 vs 112±16 mm Hg, p=0.033) were lower. Multivariable predictors of cardiac output response were age (β: −0.11; CI −0.162 to −0.057; p<0.0001), peak LVOT gradient (β: −0.018; CI −0.034 to −0.002; p=0.031) and gender (β: −2.286; CI −0.162 to −0.577; p=0.01). Within the obstructive cohort, different patterns of SV response were elicited in patients with similar clinical features.ConclusionsCardiac reserve is reduced in HCM because of failure of SV augmentation. LVOTO exacerbates this abnormal response, but haemodynamic responses vary significantly. Non-invasive exercise haemodynamic assessment may improve understanding of symptoms and help tailor therapy.

Relationship between cardiac output and oxygen consumption during upright cycle exercise in healthy humans

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 1474-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Beck ◽  
Lakesha N. Randolph ◽  
Kent R. Bailey ◽  
Christina M. Wood ◽  
Eric M. Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Negative Curvature ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
Negatively Curved ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Curvature Group ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between cardiac output (CardOut) and oxygen consumption (V̇o2) during exercise has generally been assumed to be linear. To test this assumption, we studied 72 healthy subjects using a graded, 2-min cycle-ergometry exercise test to maximum while measuring gas exchange continuously and CardOut at the end of each stage, the latter using an open-circuit gas technique. Data for V̇o2 and CardOut at each stage were fit to a quadratic expression y = a + ( b·V̇o2) + ( c·V̇o22), and statistical significance of the quadratic c term was determined in each subject. Subjects were then divided into two groups: those with statistically significant negative quadratic term (“negative curvature group,” n = 25) and those with either nonsignificant quadratic term or c significantly > 0 (“non-negative curvature group,” n = 47, 2 with c significantly > 0). We found the negative curvature group had significantly higher maximal V̇o2/kg (median 37.9 vs. 32.4 ml·min−1·kg−1; P = 0.03) higher resting stroke volume (SV; median 77 vs. 60 ml; P = 0.04), lower resting heart rate (HR; median 72 vs. 82 beats/min, P = 0.04), and higher tissue oxygen extraction at maximal exercise (17.1 ± 2.2 vs 15.5 ± 2.1 ml/100 ml; P < 0.01), with tendencies for higher maximal CardOut and SV. We also found the HR vs. V̇o2 relationship to be negatively curved, with negative curvature in HR associated with the negative curvature in CardOut ( P < 0.05), suggesting the curvature in the CardOut vs. V̇o2 relationship was secondary to curvature in HR vs. V̇o2. We conclude that the CardOut vs. V̇o2 relationship is not always linear, and negative curvature in the relationship is associated with higher fitness levels in normal, non-elite-athletic subjects.

Evidence favoring a cardiac mechanism in irreversible hemorrhagic shock

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack W. Crowell ◽  
Arthur C. Guyton
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oxygen Difference

Shock was induced in 55 dogs by removing blood until the arterial pressure had fallen to 30 mm Hg. The pressure was kept at this level for as long as 10 hr by constantly adding additional blood to the reservoir. The hematocrit was kept constant to prevent large variations in the viscosity. Mean pressures of the right and left atrium, the pulmonary artery, and the systemic arterial system were recorded as well as oxygen consumption and A-V oxygen difference. Total peripheral resistance and cardiac output were calculated. That period of time during which the animal passed from a reversible stage of shock to an irreversible stage of shock was studied. It was found that no significant change occurred in oxygen consumption, cardiac output, or peripheral resistance during this transition phase. However, changes did occur in the operating parameters of the heart. The left atrial pressure began rising with the transition from reversible to irreversible shock and continued rising until death of the animal. It is suggested that irreversible hemorrhagic shock is due to acute cardiac failure.

Normal respiratory and circulatory values in the cat

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 836-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Nadeau ◽  
H. J. H. Colebatch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
External Jugular Vein ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Significant Difference

Seventeen cats were studied under chloralose anesthesia. In 6 cats a polyethylene catheter was placed in the main pulmonary artery via the external jugular vein. In 11 other cats, a right thoracotomy was done under artificial ventilation, and small nylon catheters were inserted into the main pulmonary artery and the left atrium via the vessels of the right upper lobe, after which the chest was closed. While the animal breathed air through a closed circuit with a constant supply of oxygen, respiratory rate, tidal volume, and oxygen consumption were recorded on a smoked drum. Oxygen consumption averaged 111.4 ± 28.9 ml/min per m2. Femoral arterial and pulmonary arterial blood oxygen contents were measured by a modification of the Barcroft-Haldane method with Warburg manometers and averaged 14.18 ± 3.68 and 9.36 ± 1.39 vol %, respectively. The cardiac output was measured according to the Fick principle and averaged 2.10±.70 liters/min per m2. Heart rate, femoral artery blood pressure, pulmonary artery blood pressure, left atrial pressure, end-expiratory pleural pressure, and femoral artery blood oxygen tension were also determined. No significant difference was noted between thoracotomized and intact cats. Cardiac output values, however, were significantly greater than those previously reported for this species. oxygen consumption; cardiac output Submitted on October 8, 1964

A study of newborn rats exposed to the cold

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Thompson ◽  
R. E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Endogenous Noradrenaline ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Oxygen Difference

The purpose of this investigation was to study heat production in the newborn rat, and the factors which may be limiting maximum heat production in the cold. Rats of varying ages between 1 and 30 days were exposed to various environmental temperatures. The minimum oxygen consumption in the warm, and maximum oxygen consumption in the cold, increased with age. The critical environmental temperature, and the environmental temperature at which oxygen consumption was maximal, fell with increase in age. Exogenous noradrenaline raised the oxygen consumption of 6-day-old but not of 12-day-old rats above the maximum oxygen consumption found with cold exposure. The cardiac output and arteriovenous oxygen difference of 12-day-old rats was increased in the cold. These results are consistent with the view that oxygen consumption in the cold is limited in 6-day-old rats by the release of endogenous noradrenaline and in 12-day-old rats by cardiac output and the supply of oxygen to the heat-producing tissues.

Cardiovascular response to graded exercise in the sympathectomized-vagotomized dog

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmundo Ashkar ◽  
William F. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Difference

Seven dogs who ran well on a motor-driven treadmill were completely sympathectomized (including adrenal denervation) and subjected to unilateral vagotomy below the recurrent laryngeal branch. After recovery and retraining, a terminal experiment was performed in which, after completing the vagotomy, direct Fick determinations of cardiac output and continuous recordings of mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and oxygen consumption were made at rest and during increasing exercise The results were compared with those described by Barger et al. ( Am. J. Physiol. 184: 613, 1956) for normal dogs running at smaller speeds and grades. The heart rate of the operated dogs increased from 117 to 134. Barger's normal dogs doubled their heart rate. The A-V oxygen difference increased with work slightly less than Barger's normal dogs but the scatter in both groups was wide, as was the case with the stroke volume. The resting cardiac output was nearly normal in the operated dogs but increased only 34% with exercise, as against 200–300% in Barger's normals. Oxygen consumption increased about twofold as against the expected normal of three- to sevenfold. Peripheral resistance in both groups went down about 40%. The blood pressure in the normal increased substantially while that in the operated dogs fell about 20% to an average of 60 mm Hg.

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