REFERENCE DEPENDENCE AND OTHER BEHAVIORAL FINDINGS: THE LIKELIHOOD OF SERIOUS EVALUATION AND POLICY BIASES

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (03) ◽  
pp. 1640014
Author(s):  
JACK L. KNETSCH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Additional Assumption ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Reference Dependence ◽  
Welfare Change ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Policy Guidance ◽  
Benefit Cost

Standard economic theory correctly prescribes willingnes-to-pay (WTP) to most accurately assess the welfare change of gains and WTA to measure the welfare change of losses, and, in recognition of reference dependence, reductions of losses. However, its additional assumption of near equivalence between the measures, used to justify the current practice of using WTP for essentially all analyses, has been contradicted by numerous empirical tests. For many areas, and especially environmental quality and health and safety, this institutionally encouraged continuing reliance on presumption over evidence likely leads to serious bias in benefit-cost and related analyses and distortions in policy guidance.

Are Jobs and the Quality of the Environment Mutually Exclusive?

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Izraeli ◽  
L Mobley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
General Public ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Trade Off

In this paper it is shown that there is no support in economic theory for the suggested trade-off between jobs and the environment. Moreover, improved environmental quality may accelerate economic growth via improved health and productivity of workers, lower maintenance costs, and enhanced productivity of capital inputs. Also, empirical evidence is presented on the preference of the general public regarding environmental quality. The empirical evidence indicates that people are ready to trade part of their income for improved environmental quality.

Application of the European Communities Directive on Dangerous Substances to List II Substances in the U.K.

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (5-7) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Mance ◽  
A R O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Environmental Quality Standard ◽  
Dangerous Substances ◽  
Quality Objective ◽  
Water Uses

This paper discusses the environmental quality objective (EQO) approach to water quality management and defines the terms EQO and environmental quality standard (EQS). The proposed list of water uses is presented. The derivation of EQSs for each use is discussed and the EQS values proposed for six list II substances are reported. The relevence of these values, and problems associated with the control of individual substances, are discussed in relation to current practice.

scholarly journals Clinical waste management under COVID-19 scenario in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2095970
Author(s):  
P Agamuthu ◽  
Jayanthi Barasarathi
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Operating Procedure ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Standard Operating Procedure ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
Standard Operating

Malaysia recorded 8904 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases and 124 deaths as of 27 July 2020. Globally, everyday there are thousands of new cases of COVID-19 being recorded. Due to the high number of infections globally and nationwide the increase in the amount of clinical waste (CW) generation was expected. Malaysia has reported a 27% (by weight) increase in the generation of CW which was mostly attributed to COVID-19 related waste. This article presents the impacts of COVID-19 in waste generation, policy and regulation of CW management (CWM) in Malaysia and a case study on the CWM at a selected hospital used as a COVID-19 focal point. The current practice of CWM due to COVID-19 related cases follows the existing policy and legislation of CWM detailed in the Schedule Waste Regulation (2005), Environmental Quality Act, 1974, and with the standard operating procedure provided by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. The case study conducted through survey and questionnaire interviews revealed that the CWM in government hospitals followed existing guidelines for CWM for COVID-19 waste, with some additional precautions and rules by the waste management contractors.

scholarly journals Contractor’s Performance Appraisal System in the Malaysian Construction Industry: Current Practice, Perception and Understanding

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.9) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Khairul Zahreen Mohd Arof ◽  
Syuhaida Ismail ◽  
Abd Latif Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Appraisal System ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Industry Performance ◽  
Performance Appraisal System

Performance appraisal system is a common practice in any organisation to appraise performance of workers. In the Malaysian construction industry, performance appraisal system is applied to appraise contractor’s performance in many angles including: quality performance; time performance; cost performance; environmental performance; health and safety performance; productivity performance; and human resources performance. This is where the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) established three guidelines in strengthening the Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP) by appraising the contractor’s performance through identification of their weaknesses as well as drafting and offering suitable trainings in enhancing their performance. This paper is therefore undertaken with the objectives of: (1) determining the current practice of contractor’s performance appraisal system in the Malaysian construction industry; and (2) examining the construction players’ perception and understanding on the existing contractor’s performance appraisal system in the Malaysian construction industry. A set of questionnaires is designed and distributed to 157 contractors from G1 to G7 class. The paper finds that: (1) contractor’s performance appraisal system is benefiting the contractors yet should be improved for its efficiency; and (2) construction players have sufficient understanding on contractor’s performance appraisal system. It is expected that the improvement of contractor’s performance appraisal system via the findings of this paper would assist in achieving the three focuses of Transformasi Nasional 2050 (TN50), namely science and technology, urban prosperity as well as environment. 

Is There a Role for Benefit-Cost Analysis in Environmental, Health, and Safety Regulation?

Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 272 (5259) ◽  
pp. 221-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Arrow ◽  
M. L. Cropper ◽  
G. C. Eads ◽  
R. W. Hahn ◽  
L. B. Lave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Safety Regulation ◽  
Environmental Health And Safety ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost

Corporate Management of Health and Safety Hazards: Current Practice and Needed Research

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-132
Author(s):  
Roger E. Kasperson ◽  
Jeanne X. Kasperson ◽  
Christoph Hohenemser ◽  
Robert W. Kates ◽  
Ola Svenson
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Safety Hazards ◽  
Health And Safety Hazards

Is there a role for benefit-cost analysis in environmental, health, and safety regulation?

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENNETH J. ARROW ◽  
MAUREEN L. CROPPER ◽  
GEORGE C. EADS ◽  
ROBERT W. HAHN ◽  
LESTER B. LAVE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Regulatory Process ◽  
Safety Regulation ◽  
Environmental Health And Safety ◽  
Specific Approach ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost

The growing impact of regulations on the economy has led both Congress and the Administration to search for new ways of reforming the regulatory process. Many of these initiatives call for greater reliance on the use of economic analysis in the development and evaluation of regulations. One specific approach being advocated is benefit-cost analysis, an economic tool for comparing the desirable and undesirable impacts of proposed policies.

New Recommendations Not Very Different from Current Practice

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-168
Author(s):  
RICHARD J. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Unnecessary Testing ◽  
Effective Analysis

To the Editor.— In the "Evaluation and Treatment of Jaundice in the Term Newborn: A Kinder, Gentler Approach," Newman and Maisels1 focus on "unnecessary testing and treatment of many jaundiced term infants."1,p809 Although "routine screening with a more specific test" was suggested for galactosemia, none was mentioned in any of the five tables. In the follow-up commentaries only one other author mentioned galactosemia in the differential diagnosis of neonatal jaundice.2 After reading these several interesting papers it is still unclear to me whether reducing the frequency of tests for neonatal jaundice or excluding individual specific tests (ie, direct bilirubin) will benefit cost-effective analysis or be "a kinder, gentler approach" for babies.

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