scholarly journals NON-LOCALITY OF QUANTUM MECHANICS AND THE LOCALITY OF GENERAL RELATIVITY

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (15n17) ◽  
pp. 1097-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEEVA ANANDAN
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Gauge Fields ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Frame Work ◽  
Time Description ◽  
Aharonov Bohm ◽  
Space Description ◽  
Non Locality

The conflict between the locality of general relativity, reflected in its space-time description, and the non-locality of quantum mechanics, contained in its Hilbert space description, is discussed. Gauge covariant non-local observables that depend on gauge fields and gravity as well as the wave function are used in order to try to understand and minimize this conflict within the frame-work of these two theories. Applications are made to the Aharonov-Bohm effect and its generalizations to non Abelian gauge fields and gravity.

scholarly journals Space time geometry in the atomic hydrogenoid system. Approach to a dust relativistic model from causal quantum mechanics

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
G. Gómez ◽  
I. Kotsireas ◽  
I. Gkigkitzis ◽  
I. Haranas ◽  
M.J. Fullana
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
General Equation ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Relativistic Model ◽  
Time Deformation ◽  
Non Local ◽  
De Broglie Bohm

Weintend to use the description oftheelectron orbital trajectory in the de Broglie-Bohm (dBB) theory to assimilate to a geodesiccorresponding to the General Relativity (GR) and get from itphysicalconclusions. ThedBBapproachindicatesustheexistenceof a non-local quantumfield (correspondingwiththequantumpotential), anelectromagneticfield and a comparativelyveryweakgravitatoryfield, togetherwith a translationkineticenergyofelectron. Ifweadmitthatthosefields and kineticenergy can deformthespace time, according to Einstein'sfield equations (and to avoidtheviolationoftheequivalenceprinciple as well), we can madethehypothesisthatthegeodesicsof this space-time deformation coincide withtheorbitsbelonging to thedBBapproach (hypothesisthat is coherentwiththestabilityofmatter). Fromit, we deduce a general equation that relates thecomponentsofthemetric tensor. Thenwe find anappropriatemetric for it, bymodificationofanexactsolutionofEinstein'sfield equations, whichcorresponds to dust in cylindricalsymmetry. Thefoundmodelproofs to be in agreementwiththebasicphysicalfeaturesofthehydrogenquantum system, particularlywiththeindependenceoftheelectronkineticmomentum in relationwiththeorbit radius. Moreover, themodel can be done Minkowski-like for a macroscopicshortdistancewith a convenientelectionof a constant. According to this approach, theguiding function ofthewaveontheparticlecould be identifiedwiththedeformationsofthespace-time and thestabilityofmatterwould be easilyjustifiedbythe null accelerationcorresponding to a geodesicorbit.

scholarly journals Synthesis and observation of non-Abelian gauge fields in real space

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 365 (6457) ◽  
pp. 1021-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Chao Peng ◽  
Di Zhu ◽  
Hrvoje Buljan ◽  
John D. Joannopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Field ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Gauge Fields ◽  
Final States ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Classical Waves ◽  
Break Time ◽  
Bohm Effect ◽  
Aharonov Bohm

Particles placed inside an Abelian (commutative) gauge field can acquire different phases when traveling along the same path in opposite directions, as is evident from the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Such behaviors can get significantly enriched for a non-Abelian gauge field, where even the ordering of different paths cannot be switched. So far, real-space realizations of gauge fields have been limited to Abelian ones. We report an experimental synthesis of non-Abelian gauge fields in real space and the observation of the non-Abelian Aharonov-Bohm effect with classical waves and classical fluxes. On the basis of optical mode degeneracy, we break time-reversal symmetry in different manners, via temporal modulation and the Faraday effect, to synthesize tunable non-Abelian gauge fields. The Sagnac interference of two final states, obtained by reversely ordered path integrals, demonstrates the noncommutativity of the gauge fields. Our work introduces real-space building blocks for non-Abelian gauge fields, relevant for classical and quantum exotic topological phenomena.

THOUGHTS ON NON-LOCALITY AND QUANTUM MECHANICS

2006 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. UNRUH
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Additional Assumption ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Hardy Type ◽  
Non Local ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Numerous People ◽  
Non Locality

The debate about the non-locality of quantum mechanics is old, but still lively. Numerous people use non-locality as (bad) shorthand for quantum entanglement. But some have a long-standing commitment to the validity of this characterization. This paper examines two separate streams in this debate. The first is the arguments of Stapp, and especially his recent paper where he simplifies his contractual argument in the Hardy situation to argue for the non-locality of quantum mechanics. He has maintained his contention that an analysis of a Hardy-type correlation between two spatially separated observers proves that quantum mechanics itself is non-local, without any additional assumption of realism or hidden variables. In the second section, I try to carefully examine the Bell argument in the CHSH variant to see where the difference between the quantum and classical situations differ. Asher Peres was one of the great physicists of the late 20th century, especially for his intense concern with the fundamental nature of quantum mechanics. His courage in devoting his life to an area many considered "philosophical" (i.e. non-physical) paved the way for the rest of us to reveal our interests and confusions about this area. I am not sure that he would agree with everything in this paper, but I offer it as a tribute to him.

scholarly journals On the nature of Time and Entanglement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Capurso
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Imaginary Time ◽  
The Core ◽  
Time Order ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Nature Of Time ◽  
Free Will Theorem

The nature of Time is often at the root of the physical debate and possibly sits at the core of General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics frameworks incompatibility. In the context of the Free Will theorem and of a spacetime described through information, we identify in a thick present the only quantum information potential needed to describe evolution. The analysis of undefined causal orders (through a quantum Controlled-NOT gate and the evolution of the information along an imaginary time) allowed us to describe entanglement (both in space position and time order) as the potential related to an open choice and expressed in a CTC, which develops in a non-local imaginary space within the thick present considered.

scholarly journals Implications of superstrong non-locality for cryptography

2006 ◽  
Vol 462 (2071) ◽  
pp. 1919-1932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Buhrman ◽  
Matthias Christandl ◽  
Falk Unger ◽  
Stephanie Wehner ◽  
Andreas Winter
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Oblivious Transfer ◽  
Secure Computation ◽  
Bit Commitment ◽  
Local Correlations ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Non Locality

Non-local boxes are hypothetical ‘machines’ that give rise to superstrong non-local correlations, leading to a stronger violation of Bell/Clauser, Horne, Shimony & Holt inequalities than is possible within the framework of quantum mechanics. We show how non-local boxes can be used to perform any two-party secure computation. We first construct a protocol for bit commitment and then show how to achieve oblivious transfer using non-local boxes. Both have been shown to be impossible using quantum mechanics alone.

scholarly journals POSSIBLE CONFINEMENT MECHANISMS FOR NONRELATIVISTIC PARTICLES ON A LINE

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (29) ◽  
pp. 1919-1932
Author(s):  
P. C. STICHEL ◽  
W. J. ZAKRZEWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Particle System ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Gauge Fields ◽  
Gauge Model ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Gauge Interaction ◽  
Moyal Quantization

The gauge model of nonrelativistic particles on a line interacting with nonstandard gravitational fields5 is supplemented by the addition of a (non)-Abelian gauge interaction. Solving for the gauge fields we obtain equations, in closed form, for a classical two-particle system. The corresponding Schrödinger equation, obtained by the Moyal quantization procedure, is solved analytically. Its solutions exhibit two different confinement mechanisms — dependent on the sign of the coupling λ to the nonstandard gravitational fields. For λ >0 confinement is due to a rising potential, whereas for λ<0 it is due to the dynamical (geometric) bag formation. Numerical results for the corresponding energy spectra are given. For a particular relation between two coupling constants, the model fits into the scheme of supersymmetrical quantum mechanics.

The Aharonov-Bohm Effect and Its Applications to Magnetic Field Observation

2013 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Akira Tonomura
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Gauge Fields ◽  
Observable Effect ◽  
Classical Physics ◽  
Vector Potentials ◽  
Lorentz Forces ◽  
Bohm Effect ◽  
Aharonov Bohm ◽  
Wave Properties

This article describes the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect of electron waves travelling in free space and its application to the observation of gauge fields (vector potentials). The AB effect is inconceivable in classical physics since an observable effect is produced on electrons passing through field-free spaces. Electrons can be affected only by Lorentz forces due to electromagnetic fields. The situation is different in quantum mechanics, where electrons show wave properties: the concept of force is no longer relevant, so electric field E and magnetic field B, defined as forces acting on a unit charge, take on secondary meanings. “Phase shifts” come into play, and the primary physical entities become neither E nor B but electrostatic potential V and vector potential A. These potentials interact with electron waves and shift their phases.

QUANTUM PHENOMENA VISUALIZED BY ELECTRON WAVES

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (32) ◽  
pp. 5291-5308 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIRA TONOMURA
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Physical Significance ◽  
Gauge Fields ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Coherent Field ◽  
Quantum Objects ◽  
Quantum Phenomena ◽  
Aharonov Bohm

Quantum phenomena have become directly observable with the development of advanced techniques such as coherent field-emission electron beams, sensitive detectors, and microlithography. Examples are the single-electron build-up of an interference pattern, which contains, as R. Feynman describes in his textbook, the heart of quantum mechanics, and the Aharonov–Bohm (AB) effect, which indicates the physical significance of gauge fields. Using the AB effect, i.e., the fundamental principle behind the interaction of an electron wave with electromagnetic fields, new ways to directly observe previously unobservable microscopic quantum objects and phenomena were developed by detecting the phase of electrons.

scholarly journals Causal Gödel-type metrics in non-local gravity theories

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Nascimento ◽  
A. Yu. Petrov ◽  
P. J. Porfírio
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Entire Functions ◽  
Classical Solutions ◽  
Local Models ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Local Gravity ◽  
Transcendental Entire Functions ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Theories Of Gravity ◽  
Non Locality

AbstractIt is well known that non-local theories of gravity have been a flourish arena of studies for many reasons, for instance, the UV incompleteness of General Relativity (GR). In this paper we check the consistency of ST-homogeneous Gödel-type metrics within the non-local gravity framework. The non-local models considered here are ghost-free but not necessarily renormalizable since we focus on the classical solutions of the field equations. Furthermore, the non-locality is displayed in the action through transcendental entire functions of the d’Alembert operator $$\Box $$ □ that are mathematically represented by a power series of the $$\Box $$ □ operator. We find two exact solutions for the field equations correspondent to the degenerate ($$\omega =0$$ ω = 0 ) and hyperbolic ($$m^{2}=4\omega ^2$$ m 2 = 4 ω 2 ) classes of ST-homogeneous Gödel-type metrics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document