Clearing the Prophet’s Ijtihād from error: تنزيه اجتهاد النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم عن الغلط

There is no doubt that the Prophetic traditions (sunnah) are amongst the foundations upon which Muslims base their Islamic beliefs. They are also one of the pillars that high-ranking scholars rely upon in order to derive religious maxims/rules. In this era, many misconceptions surfaced in regards to the credibility of the Prophetic Sunnah. Through these misunderstandings, numerous people have attempted to prevent others from being committed to the Sunnah and implementing its noble teachings. Perhaps, also, some contemporaries might have referred to certain claims, in some books, which indicate to the possibility of error in the Ijtihād of the Prophet regarding religious matters. This has consequently resulted in repelling people from committing to the Prophetic traditions. Based upon this, through my research, I will attempt to investigate in this matter so as to clarify that the reality is contrary to their claims. Instead, the Prophet, ṣalla-Allāhu ʿalayhi wa-sallam, is impeccable and protected from erring when performing Ijtihād as he is protected from making mistakes in regards to what he relates from His Lord through revelation. I have collated many supportive evidences as well as making note of the misrepresentations I have found and responded to them. Amongst the conclusions this research has arrived at is that when Jesus descends from the sky, all disagreements pertaining to judicial schools of thought will cease, because his Ijtihād is protected from error, therefore his religious opinion would be the accepted one. The methodologies I adopted herein are descriptive & analytical. I hope that this research becomes a new addition to the Islamic body of research and an aid to researchers. I also hope for this research project to fill the gap in extant research, as I have not found anyone who has delved into this matter as I have.

The Challenges of Struggling Writers: Strategies That Can Help

Writing is a necessary skill in our technological world. Many people have a mobile device that they use for e-mailing, social media, as an alarm clock to start the day, reading the news, searching for information, ordering food, managing transportation (e.g., monitoring traffic, accessing public transit), or for relaxing pursuits, such as watching a movie or listening to music. While these tasks are natural and almost effortless for numerous people, many students struggle with composing longer prose, especially for academic tasks. The 2021 U.S. National Assessment of Educational Progress for Writing, for example, indicates that as many as 75% of students cannot write at a basic level. In this article, the author discusses recent examples from the professional literature about why writing can be a challenge for students, what is involved in writing assessment, how we can help students improve their writing skills, and how we can promote technology as part of the instruction and learning processes.

COVID-19 Detection Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks and Binary Differential Algorithm-Based Feature Selection from X-Ray Images

The new COVID-19 is rapidly spreading and has already claimed the lives of numerous people. The virus is highly destructive to the human lungs, and early detection is critical. As a result, this paper presents a hybrid approach based on deep convolutional neural networks that are very effective tools for image classification. The feature vectors were extracted from the images using a deep convolutional neural network, and the binary differential metaheuristic algorithm was used to select the most valuable features. The SVM classifier was then given these optimized features. For the study, a database containing images from three categories, including COVID-19, pneumonia, and a healthy category, included 1092 X-ray samples, was used. The proposed method achieved a 99.43% accuracy, a 99.16% sensitivity, and a 99.57% specificity. Our findings indicate that the proposed method outperformed recent studies on COVID-19 detection using X-ray images.

To buy or not to buy, that is the question: understanding the determinants of the urge to buy impulsively on Instagram Commerce

PurposeThroughout 2020, especially under the lockdown measures, there was a significant surge in e-commerce and social commerce (s-commerce), with numerous people all over the world adopting and using commerce platforms on social media and other websites to buy desired products and services quickly and easily. Instagram Commerce is a new, cutting-edge social commerce platform. This research aims to explore the positive influence of the measures adopted during summer 2020 on Spanish s-commerce users' urge to buy impulsively.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) theoretical framework, this study postulates and tests a model to help understand the behaviour of Spanish users towards social commerce, specifically Instagram Commerce. To accomplish this purpose, an SEM analysis is performed using a sample of 251 respondents.FindingsGenerally speaking, the findings obtained in the present study serve to expand and enhance the scientific literature on one of the latest determinants affecting social networks and online commerce.Originality/valueThis research is innovative due to the research background study that is carried out to analyse the urge to buy impulsively.

OBSERVED ISSUES IN CLOUD-BASED WEB COMMERCE ADOPTION FOR THE FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS IN HYDERABAD

In the present day scenario, maximum financial transactions are being carried out with the help of Cloud-Based Web Trade (CBWT). These Cloud Oriented Web-Based Financial Transactions provide numerous advantages to the end-users. The Commodities are available at a much cheaper rate and numerous choices are left over to the customers and they are also reducing the shopping time. Particularly the time like Pandemic Situation would provide a better way to purchase multiple goods at their fingertips. There are many numbers of reasons are leftover behind the success and the downfall of such Cloud Oriented Web-Based Financial Transactions. Some of these include financial conditions, technical feasibility, and geographical location, etc. However, nowadays there it is facing many Ethical, Service-oriented, and financial challenges in this area. There is needed to make a SWOT Analysis since it is going to be the major financial gateway for numerous people.

Implementation of Attender Robot in Campus

A robot is a machine that has been programmed by a computer and has external or embedded control over its movements and activities. It has a wide range of applications in all aspects of life. A robot can be employed as an attender in a university setting to distribute circulars around instead of numerous people doing it manually, which is a costly and time-consuming method. The unfamiliar campus might be challenging for parents to navigate. In this review paper, we focus on a voice-based attender robot with line-following skills and speech-to-text recognition that may be utilized for several tasks at universities, such as passing out circulars, engaging with parents, and assisting them with navigation. The goal of this work is to create a robot that can communicate with humans using Spoken Natural Language. Two languages will be highlighted here: English and Kannada. This system employs a module that recognizes human speech, which is then processed and used to act or respond to the user's order. In this fashion, the voice-activated attender robot can be used in a university setting. However, it is not confined to universities. It can also be used in locations such as train stations, bus stops, large factories, and other similar settings.

Art and Spirituality in the Covid-19 Epoch: An Exploratory Reading of Ben Okri’s Poetry

Covid-19 has infected approximately 160 million people globally since its first occurrence in China in 2019. Consequently, the whole world has been negatively impacted, with numerous people losing their lives, jobs and loved ones, including breadwinners in families. With the prevalence of the pandemic also came various views on the challenges that came with it. Literature cannot be left out of the modes that are providing an understanding of the negative impact of Covid-19 on the world. Therefore, this paper explores the poetry of the Nigerian poet, novelist and essayist, Ben Okri, in light of his thematisation of spirituality. By spirituality, it is meant the ‘recognition of a feeling or sense or belief that there is something greater than myself’, the times and situation(s) in which one exists’. In this paper, Okri’s poetry is considered as an essential index into how ‘the spiritual’ is conceived and articulated, even in times of pandemics. The paper adopts the Hermeneutical Approach as a theoretical lens through which Okri’s poetry may be best viewed and understood. The Hermeneutical Approach essentially entails the analysis of texts in order to develop insight or thoughtful wisdom. Furthermore, the paper proffers that Okri’s poetry is invested with a spiritual temper that makes it relevant as it encourages and makes and keeps ‘awake’ a spiritual sensibility in the people during the Covid-19 pandemic. The analysis is undergirded by a predetermined set of themes, namely; race, identity, healing, spirituality, thought and consciousness that Okri poeticises about and subsequently interrogates in his poetry. In the process, Okri’s poetry also encourages spiritual renaissance and the awakening of consciousness, by tempering in a reader the inalienable fact that to change or shape reality, people ought to do it themselves. Okri’s poetry challenges people to define themselves and defy all false definitions of themselves made by others. Ultimately, the paper explicates that Okri’s poetry is charged with pointed rebuke of people’s apparent apathy towards issues such as freedom, equality and transformation (all of which belong to the great stream of ‘the spiritual’), of which he submits that people ought to take charge of how these three important entities come about and exist in society.

Epidemiology of leprosy indicators in the Municipality of Crato, Ceará

Leprosy is a comorbidity that affects numerous people all over the world, which is characterized by its affinity for the skin and peripheral nerves. The objective of this research was to carry out an analysis of the epidemiological aspects and temporal trends of leprosy indicators in the municipality of Crato. To achieve these objectives, a qualitative and quantitative research was carried out, based on data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Between 2007 and 2017, 477 new cases of leprosy were reported in the municipality of Crato, highlighting the year 2012 with the highest number of new cases of the disease, with emphasis on the incidence of cases in men (59.1%), while in women it was 40.8%. Of these, with a predominance of the age group between 50 to 59 years (20.7%), followed by 60 to 69 years (18.6%). According to the results proposed by this research, it can be observed that, in the last few years, there has been a significant reduction in the number of cases. To maintain this index, political commitment and quality health services for effect the service of secondary care in the municipality.

The social circle of Deputy to the State Duma N. L. Skalozubov

The object of this research is the persona of N. L. Skalozubov – agronomist of Tobolsk governorate, public and political figure, breeder, and scholar. The subject of this research is his social circle during the period of being a deputy to the State Duma of the 2nd and 3rd convocations. The goal is to examine the relationships between the deputy N. L. Skalozubov and former colleagues, like-minded people, representatives of science, government, family, and friends. Special attention is given to his participation in the lives of political exiles. The article employs the published and unpublished sources, preserved in the Tobolsk State Archive and Tobolsk Historical and Architectural Reserve Museum (correspondence, memoirs, diaries).. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that the circle of contacts of the deputy N. L. Skalozubov becomes the subject of special study for the first time. The author concludes that during the five years as a deputy to the State Duma of the 2nd and 3rd convocations, N. L. Skalozubov communicated with numerous people belonging to various social classes, including prominent scientists, public figures, and politicians.

The Power of Technological Social Learning in Times of Crisis

All countries, regardless of their level of development and position in the world economy and relations, try to adopt similar survival behaviors in the management of educational institutions since the first signs of the corona outbreak. Numerous people are contextually forced to learn from each other in this new adapted environment while not everyone is pessimistic about the pandemic situation and its unexpected obligations. Many people believe that the pandemic crisis is an opportunity to warm up the foundation of family relationships and the integration of high standard virtual education at global and inclusive levels. The unexpected change in social and educational intuitions reminds humanity of the vital and bright side of technology in this critical period. This chapter examines and models how virtual education can save money and resources to provide well-designed and purposeful learning opportunities for students to learn without fear when proper plans are implemented to overcome the impact of crises through the power of technological social learning.