scholarly journals ENTROPIC LAW OF FORCE, EMERGENT GRAVITY AND THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. SANTOS ◽  
I. V. VANCEA
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Property ◽  
Emergent Gravity ◽  
Quantum Uncertainty ◽  
General Quantum ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Of Gravity

The entropic formulation of the inertia and the gravity relies on quantum, geometrical and informational arguments. The fact that the results are completely classical is misleading. In this paper, we argue that the entropic formulation provides new insights into the quantum nature of the inertia and the gravity. We use the entropic postulate to determine the quantum uncertainty in the law of inertia and in the law of gravity in the Newtonian Mechanics, the Special Relativity and in the General Relativity. These results are obtained by considering the most general quantum property of the matter represented by the Uncertainty Principle and by postulating an expression for the uncertainty of the entropy such that: (i) it is the simplest quantum generalization of the postulate of the variation of the entropy and (ii) it reduces to the variation of the entropy in the absence of the uncertainty.

scholarly journals Creating Generalized and Hybrid Set and Library with Neutrosophy and Quad-Stage Method

2016 ◽  
pp. 308-320
Author(s):  
Yuhua Fu
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Variational Principle ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Neutrosophic Set ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Law Of Gravity

Generalized and hybrid set can be created with neutrosophy and quad-stage method. Firstly the generalized and hybrid neutrosophic set is discussed. Secondly the combination or synthetical body of generalized and hybrid sets is named as “library” (various generalized and hybrid sets can be put into the related “library”); such as “mathematics library”, “physics library”, and the like. As for the constitution of “library”, the concept and methodology of a special “Four-library” are proposed. Neutrosophy and quad-stage method can also be used to solve many actual problems within the framework of “set” and “library”; for example, based on the analyses of one “Four-library”, jointly solving problem of advance of planet's perihelion with partial results of law of gravity and general relativity; and jointly expanding “uncertainty principle” to “certainty-uncertainty principle set”. Finally, we introduce the concepts of “variational principle of set” and “variational principle of library”, and establish a kind of “partial and temporary unified theory of mathematics so far”.

Theory of Relativity, The

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam James Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Albert Einstein ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Nuclear Age ◽  
The Relationship

The Theory of Relativity is the name given to two separate theories put forth by Albert Einstein (1879–1955): ‘Special Relativity’ and ‘General Relativity’. When first published in 1905, Einstein’s ‘Theory of Special Relativity’ upended Newtonian Mechanics and was in agreement with James Clerk Maxwell’s equations of electromagnetism. The theory opened up new avenues for particle physics and is thought to have ushered in the nuclear age. Relativity was also used to predict the existence of black holes and other cosmological phenomena. Special Relativity, Einstein’s theory of small particles, includes possibly the world’s most famous physics equation: E=mc², which predicts the relationship between mass and energy where energy is equal to the mass of an object multiplied by the speed of light squared.

scholarly journals Tests of gravity with galaxy clusters

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (15) ◽  
pp. 1848006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Cataneo ◽  
David Rapetti
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Galaxy Clusters ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law Of Gravity ◽  
Tests Of Gravity ◽  
Made In

Changes in the law of gravity have far-reaching implications for the formation and evolution of galaxy clusters, and appear as peculiar signatures in their mass-observable relations, structural properties, internal dynamics, and abundance. We review the outstanding progress made in recent years towards constraining deviations from General Relativity with galaxy clusters, and give an overview of the yet untapped information becoming accessible with forthcoming surveys that will map large portions of the sky in great detail and unprecedented depth.

Struggling with Causality: Einstein's Case

1993 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yemima Ben-Menahem
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Causal Theory ◽  
Human Freedom ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Causal Interaction ◽  
Thick Concept ◽  
The Way

The ArgumentEinstein's concept of causality as analyzed in this paper is a thick concept comprised of: (a) regularity; (b) locality; (c) symmetry considerations leading to conservation laws; (d) mutuality of causal interaction. The main theses are: 1. Since (b)–(d) are not elements of Hume's concept of causality, Einstein's concept, the concept embedded in the theory of relativity, is manifestly non–Humean. 2. On a Humean conception, Newtonian mechanics is a paradigmatically causal theory. Einstein, however, regarded this theory as causally deficient, for it fails to comply with both (b) and (d). Special relativity was (partly) motivated by the wish to correct the first of these failures; general relativity the second. 3. Ironically, general relativity, based on the thick concept of causality, opens the way for a conventionalist understanding of that concept. 4. With regard to human freedom, Einstein professed to be a Spinozist. However, he suggested a version of soft determinism, not found in Spinoza.

GRAVITY CAN BE OBSERVED IN THE ABSENCE OF CURVED SPACETIME, THUS CURVED SPACETIME IS NOT RESPONCIBLE FOR GRAVITY

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1976-1981
Author(s):  
Casey McMahon
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Curved Spacetime ◽  
Relative Time ◽  
Curved Space ◽  
Spacetime Curvature ◽  
Equivalence Model ◽  
The Universe

The principle postulate of general relativity appears to be that curved space or curved spacetime is gravitational, in that mass curves the spacetime around it, and that this curved spacetime acts on mass in a manner we call gravity. Here, I use the theory of special relativity to show that curved spacetime can be non-gravitational, by showing that curve-linear space or curved spacetime can be observed without exerting a gravitational force on mass to induce motion- as well as showing gravity can be observed without spacetime curvature. This is done using the principles of special relativity in accordance with Einstein to satisfy the reader, using a gravitational equivalence model. Curved spacetime may appear to affect the apparent relative position and dimensions of a mass, as well as the relative time experienced by a mass, but it does not exert gravitational force (gravity) on mass. Thus, this paper explains why there appears to be more gravity in the universe than mass to account for it, because gravity is not the resultant of the curvature of spacetime on mass, thus the “dark matter” and “dark energy” we are looking for to explain this excess gravity doesn’t exist.

The Equivalence Principle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wittman
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Special Relativity ◽  
Equivalence Principle ◽  
Time Dilation ◽  
Gravitational Redshift ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Spacetime Metric

The equivalence principle is an important thinking tool to bootstrap our thinking from the inertial coordinate systems of special relativity to the more complex coordinate systems that must be used in the presence of gravity (general relativity). The equivalence principle posits that at a given event gravity accelerates everything equally, so gravity is equivalent to an accelerating coordinate system.This conjecture is well supported by precise experiments, so we explore the consequences in depth: gravity curves the trajectory of light as it does other projectiles; the effects of gravity disappear in a freely falling laboratory; and gravitymakes time runmore slowly in the basement than in the attic—a gravitational form of time dilation. We show how this is observable via gravitational redshift. Subsequent chapters will build on this to show how the spacetime metric varies with location.

Quantum Uncertainty Principle: No Loopholes

Science ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 264 (5167) ◽  
pp. 1830-1831 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schwinger
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Quantum Uncertainty

All classical predictions of general relativity from special relativistic Hamiltonian dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (29) ◽  
pp. 1850169
Author(s):  
J. H. Field
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Hamiltonian Dynamics ◽  
Gravitational Redshift ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Light Deflection ◽  
Schwarzschild Metric ◽  
Related Literature ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Relativistic Hamiltonian Dynamics

Previous special relativistic calculations of gravitational redshift, light deflection and Shapiro delay are extended to include perigee advance. The three classical, order G, post-Newtonian predictions of general relativity as well as general relativistic light-speed-variation are therefore shown to be also consequences of special relativistic Newtonian mechanics in Euclidean space. The calculations are compared to general relativistic ones based on the Schwarzschild metric equation, and related literature is critically reviewed.

The Law of Conservation of Matter and Energy in the History of Economic Thought

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
William S. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
Economic Thinking

The development of economic thinking has seldom taken place entirely independently of developments in other disciplines. There is a long history of interdisciplinary influences among economics, mathematics, physics, biology, and philosophy. Among the most influential of these other disciplines has been physics. Numerous authors have attributed significant influence upon economics to Newtonian mechanics (Taylor 1960, Georgescu-Roegen 1971). The strength of that influence is perhaps best illustrated by William Stanley Jevons's proclamation of his attempt to reconstruct economics as “the mechanics of utility and self interest.“ Frank Knight, having observed what Jevons and others had wrought, concluded that mechanics had become the “sister science” of economics (Knight 1976, p. 85).

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