scholarly journals Big Jets model with CPT invariance and dynamics of expansion with quantum Yang–Mills gravity

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (20) ◽  
pp. 1850116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Ping Hsu ◽  
Leonardo Hsu ◽  
Daniel Katz
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Wave Equations ◽  
Dynamical Equations ◽  
Cpt Invariance ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
Spacetime Geometry ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Quantum Particles ◽  
Effective Metric ◽  
Macroscopic Objects

Based on particle physics, the fundamental CPT invariance suggests a Big Jets model for the beginning of the universe, in which two oppositely directed jets evolved into a gigantic “matter half-universe” and a gigantic “antimatter half-universe” after annihilation and decay processes. In the geometric-optics limit, quantum Yang–Mills gravity with [Formula: see text] translational gauge symmetry in flat spacetime leads to an effective metric tensor in the Hamilton–Jacobi equation for macroscopic objects. This effective metric tensor does not exist in the wave equations of quantum particles. For cosmological expansion, we assume that an “effective metric tensor” for spacetime geometry based on Yang–Mills gravity corresponds to the usual FLRW form. Dynamical equations of expansion for the matter half-universe are obtained and solved. The time-dependent scale factors and the estimated age of the universes, [Formula: see text] yr, based on Yang–Mills gravity are consistent with experiments. CPT invariance implies that the same evolution process and dynamics of cosmic expansion also hold for the distant “antimatter half-universe”.

scholarly journals Implications of nonsymmetric metric theories for particle physics: New interpretation of the Pauli coupling

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (18) ◽  
pp. 1450098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginés R. Pérez Teruel
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Wave Equations ◽  
Matter Wave ◽  
Antisymmetric Part ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
Minkowski Metric ◽  
Gravitational Theories ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Physical Consequences ◽  
Traditional Approaches

In this work, we provide a possible geometrical interpretation of the spin of elementary particles. In particular, it is investigated how the wave equations of matter are altered by the addition of an antisymmetric contribution to the metric tensor. In this scenario, the explicit form of the matter wave equations is investigated in a general curved spacetime, and then the equations are particularized to the flat case. Unlike traditional approaches of Nonsymmetric Gravitational Theories (NGT), in which the gravitational field is responsible for breaking the symmetry of the flat Minkowski metric, we find more natural to consider that, in general, the metric of the spacetime could be nonsymmetric even in the flat case. The physical consequences of this assumption are explored in detail. Interestingly enough, it is found that the metric tensor splits into a bosonic and a fermionic; the antisymmetric part of the metric is very sensitive to the spin and turns out to be undetectable for spinless scalar particles. However, fermions couple to it in a nontrivial way (only when there are interactions). In addition, the Pauli coupling is derived automatically as a consequence of the nonsymmetric nature of the metric.

FLRW COSMOLOGY FROM YANG–MILLS GRAVITY WITH TRANSLATIONAL GAUGE SYMMETRY

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (07) ◽  
pp. 1350018 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL KATZ
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Flat Space ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Effective Metric ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Flrw Cosmology

We extend to basic cosmology the subject of Yang–Mills gravity — a theory of gravity based on local translational gauge invariance in flat space–time. It has been shown that this particular gauge invariance leads to tensor factors in the macroscopic limit of the equations of motion of particles which plays the same role as the metric tensor of general relativity (GR). The assumption that this "effective metric" tensor takes on the standard FLRW form is our starting point. Equations analogous to the Friedmann equations are derived and then solved in closed form for the three special cases of a universe dominated by (1) matter, (2) radiation and (3) dark energy. We find that the solutions for the scale factor are similar to, but distinct from, those found in the corresponding GR based treatment.

scholarly journals Violation of electromagnetic U1 symmetry by Yang–Mills gravity and deflection of light experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (31) ◽  
pp. 1950362
Author(s):  
Leonardo Hsu ◽  
Jong-Ping Hsu ◽  
Yun Hao
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Eikonal Equation ◽  
Gauge Condition ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Deflection Of Light ◽  
Effective Metric ◽  
Inertial Frames ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Rule Out

Within the gauge symmetry framework, the [Formula: see text] symmetry of electrodynamics is violated in the presence of gravity with spacetime translational gauge symmetry in inertial frames. For a light ray, an eikonal equation with effective metric tensors is derived in the geometric-optics limit. Under these conditions, the angle of the deflection of light by the sun is calculated to be [Formula: see text] in inertial frames without requiring a gauge condition such as [Formula: see text]. In contrast, if the theory is [Formula: see text] gauge invariant, one can impose the gauge condition [Formula: see text] in the derivation of the eikonal equation. In this case, one obtains a slightly different effective metric tensor and a different angle of deflection [Formula: see text]. However, because the precision of experiments in the last century using optical frequencies has been no better than (10–20)% due to large systematic errors, one cannot unambiguously rule out the result [Formula: see text]. We hope that the precision of these data can be improved in order to test Yang–Mills gravity.

scholarly journals A UNIFIED GRAVITY-ELECTROWEAK MODEL BASED ON A GENERALIZED YANG–MILLS FRAMEWORK

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 1707-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
JONG-PING HSU
Keyword(s):  
Wave Equations ◽  
Matrix Representations ◽  
Constant Matrix ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Flat Spacetime ◽  
Inertial Frames ◽  
Riemann Metric ◽  
Electroweak Model ◽  
Hamilton Jacobi Equation

Gravitational and electroweak interactions can be unified in analogy with the unification in the Weinberg–Salam theory. The Yang–Mills framework is generalized to include spacetime translational group T(4), whose generators Tμ ( = ∂/∂xμ) do not have constant matrix representations. By gauging T(4) × SU (2) × U (1) in flat spacetime, we have a new tensor field ϕμν which universally couples to all particles and anti-particles with the same constant g, which has the dimension of length. In this unified model, the T(4) gauge symmetry dictates that all wave equations of fermions, massive bosons and the photon in flat spacetime reduce to a Hamilton–Jacobi equation with the same "effective Riemann metric tensor" in the geometric-optics limit. Consequently, the results are consistent with experiments. We demonstrated that the T(4) gravitational gauge field can be quantized in inertial frames.

scholarly journals Diluted mass gap in strongly coupled non-local Yang-Mills

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Frasca ◽  
Anish Ghoshal
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Local Theory ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Mass Gap ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Non Locality

Abstract We investigate the non-perturbative regimes in the class of non-Abelian theories that have been proposed as an ultraviolet completion of 4-D Quantum Field Theory (QFT) generalizing the kinetic energy operators to an infinite series of higher-order derivatives inspired by string field theory. We prove that, at the non-perturbative level, the physical spectrum of the theory is actually corrected by the “infinite number of derivatives” present in the action. We derive a set of Dyson-Schwinger equations in differential form, for correlation functions till two-points, the solution for which are known in the local theory. We obtain that just like in the local theory, the non-local counterpart displays a mass gap, depending also on the mass scale of non-locality, and show that it is damped in the deep UV asymptotically. We point out some possible implications of our result in particle physics and cosmology and discuss aspects of non-local QCD-like scenarios.

scholarly journals Global properties of physically interesting Lorentzian spacetimes

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1650106
Author(s):  
Deloshan Nawarajan ◽  
Matt Visser
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Causal Structure ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Global Features ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
The Standard Model

Under normal circumstances most members of the general relativity community focus almost exclusively on the local properties of spacetime, such as the locally Euclidean structure of the manifold and the Lorentzian signature of the metric tensor. When combined with the classical Einstein field equations this gives an extremely successful empirical model of classical gravity and classical matter — at least as long as one does not ask too many awkward questions about global issues, (such as global topology and global causal structure). We feel however that this is a tactical error — even without invoking full-fledged “quantum gravity” we know that the standard model of particle physics is also an extremely good representation of some parts of empirical reality; and we had better be able to carry over all the good features of the standard model of particle physics — at least into the realm of semi-classical quantum gravity. Doing so gives us some interesting global features that spacetime should possess: On physical grounds spacetime should be space-orientable, time-orientable, and spacetime-orientable, and it should possess a globally defined tetrad (vierbein, or in general a globally defined vielbein/[Formula: see text]-bein). So on physical grounds spacetime should be parallelizable. This strongly suggests that the metric is not the fundamental physical quantity; a very good case can be made for the tetrad being more fundamental than the metric. Furthermore, a globally-defined “almost complex structure” is almost unavoidable. Ideas along these lines have previously been mooted, but much is buried in the pre- arXiv literature and is either forgotten or inaccessible. We shall revisit these ideas taking a perspective very much based on empirical physical observation.

scholarly journals Spacetime geometry of three-dimensional Yang--Mills theory

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1791-1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Radovanovic ◽  
Dj Sijacki
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spacetime Geometry ◽  
Yang Mills

scholarly journals NONPERTURBATIVE APPROACH TO YANG–MILLS THERMODYNAMICS

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4123-4216 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALF HOFMANN
Keyword(s):  
State Physics ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Density Of States ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Temperature Evolution ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Massive Spin

An analytical and nonperturbative approach to SU(2) and SU(3) Yang–Mills thermodynamics is developed and applied. Each theory comes in three phases: A deconfining, a preconfining, and a confining one. We show how macroscopic and inert scalar fields emerge in each phase and how they determine the ground-state physics and the properties of the excitations. While the excitations in the deconfining and preconfining phases are massless or massive gauge modes the excitations in the confining phase are massless or massive spin-1/2 fermions. The nature of the two phase transitions is investigated for each theory. We compute the temperature evolution of thermodynamical quantities in the deconfining and preconfining phase and estimate the density of states in the confining phase. Some implications for particle physics and cosmology are discussed.

scholarly journals Conversation with Chen-Ning Yang: reminiscence and reflection

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-236
Author(s):  
Mu-ming Poo ◽  
Alexander Wu Chao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Tsinghua University ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Retrospective View ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Theoretical Physicist ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Chen Ning Yang

Abstract Chen-Ning Yang ( ) is the most distinguished Chinese theoretical physicist. In 1954, together with Robert Mills, he formulated the Yang–Mills Gauge Theory, which led to the development of the Standard Model, the leading framework for understanding particle physics. In 1956, Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee ( ) proposed the possibility of parity non-conservation in weak interaction, which won them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. Besides these two major achievements, Yang made many other seminal contributions to particle physics, statistical physics and condensed matter physics. At the end of 2003, Yang returned to China from the US and established the Institute for Advanced Study at Tsinghua University in Beijing. NSR’s Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo ( ), a neurobiologist, and Alexander Wu Chao ( ), an accelerator physicist at Stanford University, talked with Professor Yang on a variety of topics, ranging from his retrospective view on Yang–Mills theory, on his contemporary physicists, on tastes in scientific research, and on the current and future developments of Chinese science. The following is an excerpt from this conversation that took place on 21 March 2019 at Tsinghua University, Beijing.

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