scholarly journals Conversation with Chen-Ning Yang: reminiscence and reflection

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-236
Author(s):  
Mu-ming Poo ◽  
Alexander Wu Chao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Tsinghua University ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Retrospective View ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Theoretical Physicist ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Chen Ning Yang

Abstract Chen-Ning Yang ( ) is the most distinguished Chinese theoretical physicist. In 1954, together with Robert Mills, he formulated the Yang–Mills Gauge Theory, which led to the development of the Standard Model, the leading framework for understanding particle physics. In 1956, Yang and Tsung-Dao Lee ( ) proposed the possibility of parity non-conservation in weak interaction, which won them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. Besides these two major achievements, Yang made many other seminal contributions to particle physics, statistical physics and condensed matter physics. At the end of 2003, Yang returned to China from the US and established the Institute for Advanced Study at Tsinghua University in Beijing. NSR’s Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo ( ), a neurobiologist, and Alexander Wu Chao ( ), an accelerator physicist at Stanford University, talked with Professor Yang on a variety of topics, ranging from his retrospective view on Yang–Mills theory, on his contemporary physicists, on tastes in scientific research, and on the current and future developments of Chinese science. The following is an excerpt from this conversation that took place on 21 March 2019 at Tsinghua University, Beijing.

Chen Ning Yang’s New Contributions After He Returned to Where He Started

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 1830001
Author(s):  
Bang-Fen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Gifted Students ◽  
Full Professor ◽  
Tsinghua University ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chen Ning Yang

Chen Ning Yang returned to Tsinghua University as a full professor in 2003. Regarding the fact that very few people know what Professor Yang has contributed to science and to China after his return, in this article new contributions of Chen Ning Yang are introduced as far as the author knows, including his leading role in China’s sciences, the research in statistical physics, the role in cultivating gifted students, his research in history of science, and all other aspects relating to China’s developments.

scholarly journals The underlying geometry of the CAM gauge model of the Standard Model of particle physics

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050037
Author(s):  
Brian Jonathan Wolk
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Clifford Algebras ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Composition Algebra ◽  
Dirac Spinor ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Local Gauge Symmetry ◽  
The Standard Model

The Composition Algebra-based Methodology (CAM) [B. Wolk, Pap. Phys. 9, 090002 (2017); Phys. Scr. 94, 025301 (2019); Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebras 27, 3225 (2017); J. Appl. Math. Phys. 6, 1537 (2018); Phys. Scr. 94, 105301 (2019), Adv. Appl. Clifford Algebras 30, 4 (2020)], which provides a new model for generating the interactions of the Standard Model, is geometrically modeled for the electromagnetic and weak interactions on the parallelizable sphere operator fiber bundle [Formula: see text] consisting of base space, the tangent bundle [Formula: see text] of space–time [Formula: see text], projection operator [Formula: see text], the parallelizable spheres [Formula: see text] conceived as operator fibers [Formula: see text] attaching to and operating on [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] as [Formula: see text] varies over [Formula: see text], and as structure group, the norm-preserving symmetry group [Formula: see text] for each of the division algebras which is simultaneously the isometry group of the associated unit sphere. The massless electroweak [Formula: see text] Lagrangian is shown to arise from [Formula: see text]’s generation of a local coupling operation on sections of Dirac spinor and Clifford algebra bundles over [Formula: see text]. Importantly, CAM is shown to be a new genre of gauge theory which subsumes Yang–Mills Standard Model gauge theory. Local gauge symmetry is shown to be at its core a geometric phenomenon inherent to CAM gauge theory. Lastly, the higher-dimensional, topological architecture which generates CAM from within a unified eleven [Formula: see text]-dimensional geometro-topological structure is introduced.

Quantum field theory (QFT)—built-in combinatorics

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-38
Author(s):  
Adrian Tanasa
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Graph Polynomials ◽  
Elementary Particle Physics ◽  
Feynman Graphs ◽  
The Standard Model

We briefly exhibit in this chapter the mathematical formalism of QFT, which actually has a non-trivial combinatorial backbone. The QFT setting can be understood as a quantum description of particles and their interactions, a description which is also compatible with Einstein's theory of special relativity. Within the framework of elementary particle physics (or high-energy physics), QFT led to the Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics, which is the physical theory tested with the best accuracy by collider experiments. Moreover, the QFT formalism successfully applies to statistical physics, condensed matter physics and so on. We show in this chapter how Feynman graphs appear through the so-called QFT perturbative expansion, how Feynman integrals are associated to Feynman graphs and how these integrals can be expressed via the help of graph polynomials, the Kirchhoff–Symanzik polynomials. Finally, we give a glimpse of renormalization, of the Dyson–Schwinger equation and of the use of the so-called intermediate field method. This chapter mainly focuses on the so-called Phi? QFT scalar model.

scholarly journals Sir Thomas Walter Bannerman Kibble. 23 December 1932—2 June 2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Duff ◽  
K. S. Stelle
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Fundamental Particles ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Breaking Mechanism ◽  
Theoretical Physicist ◽  
Early Universe Cosmology ◽  
Massive Scalar Boson

Professor Tom Kibble was an internationally-renowned theoretical physicist whose contributions to theoretical physics range from the theory of elementary particles to modern early-Universe cosmology. The unifying theme behind all his work is the theory of non-abelian gauge theories, the Yang–Mills extension of electromagnetism. One of Kibble's most important pieces of work in this area was his study of the symmetry-breaking mechanism whereby the force-carrying vector particles in the theory can acquire a mass accompanied by the appearance of a massive scalar boson. This idea, put forward independently by Brout and Englert, by Higgs, and by Guralnik, Hagen and Kibble in 1964, and generalized by Kibble in 1967, lies at the heart of the Standard Model and all modern unified theories of fundamental particles. It was vindicated in 2012 by the discovery of the Higgs boson at CERN. According to Nobel Laureate Steven Weinberg: ‘Tom Kibble showed us why light is massless’; this is the fundamental basis of electromagnetism.

scholarly journals YANG–MILLS DUALITY AND THE GENERATION PUZZLE

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 163-177
Author(s):  
HONG-MO CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Horizontal Symmetry ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Magnetic Symmetry ◽  
Mixing Patterns

The fermion generation puzzle has survived into this century as one of the great mysteries in particle physics. We consider here a possible solution within the Standard Model framework based on a non-Abelian generalization of electric–magnetic duality. First, by constructing in loop space a non-Abelian generalization of the Abelian dual transform (Hodge *), one finds that a "magnetic" symmetry exists also in classical Yang–Mills theory dual to the original ("electric") gauge symmetry. Secondly, from a result of 't Hooft's, one obtains that for confined color SU(3), the dual symmetry [Formula: see text] is spontaneously broken and can play the role of the "horizontal symmetry" for generations. Thirdly, such an identification not only offers an explanation why there should be three and apparently only three generations of fermions with the remarkable mass and mixing patterns seen in experiment, but allows even a calculation of the relevant parameters giving very sensible results. Other testible predictions follow ranging from rare hadron decays to cosmic ray air showers.

The Yang–Mills Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon Lee Glashow
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Theory ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Abelian Gauge Theory ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Inside Out

In this magisterial essay, Sheldon Lee Glashow examines the Yang–Mills model and its implications. This is history from the inside out, as a great master of theoretical physics reviews the development of the first and greatest non-abelian gauge theory and its role in the construction of the Standard Model of particle physics.

Yang–Mills gauge theory and the Higgs boson family

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (05) ◽  
pp. 1630006
Author(s):  
Ngee-Pong Chang
Keyword(s):  
Yukawa Coupling ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Higgs Field ◽  
Rock Foundation ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
Symmetry Principles ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Background Events ◽  
Higgs Fields

The gauge symmetry principles of the Yang–Mills field of 1954 provide the solid rock foundation for the Standard Model of particle physics. To give masses to the quarks and leptons, however, SM calls on the solitary Higgs field using a set of mysterious complex Yukawa coupling matrices. We enrich the SM by reducing the Yukawa coupling matrices to a single Yukawa coupling constant, and endowing it with a family of Higgs fields that are degenerate in mass. The recent experimental discovery of the Higgs resonance at 125.09 ± 0.21 GeV does not preclude this possibility. Instead, it presents an opportunity to explore the interference effects in background events at the LHC. We present a study based on the maximally symmetric Higgs potential in a leading hierarchy scenario.

Indirect measurements in micro-space with the EM

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
Sterling P. Newberry
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
Compelling Reason ◽  
The Standard Model

At the 1958 meeting of our society, then known as EMSA, the author introduced the concept of microspace and suggested its use to provide adequate information storage space and the use of electron microscope techniques to provide storage and retrieval access. At this current meeting of MSA, he wishes to suggest an additional use of the power of the electron microscope.The author has been contemplating this new use for some time and would have suggested it in the EMSA fiftieth year commemorative volume, but for page limitations. There is compelling reason to put forth this suggestion today because problems have arisen in the “Standard Model” of particle physics and funds are being greatly reduced just as we need higher energy machines to resolve these problems. Therefore, any techniques which complement or augment what we can accomplish during this austerity period with the machines at hand is worth exploring.

Q & A. Lisa Randall. [interview]

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
The Past ◽  
Talent Search ◽  
Cosmological Inflation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Theoretical Physicist ◽  
Fundamental Forces

Lisa Randall is a theoretical physicist working in particle physics and cosmology. She was born in Queens, New York City, on June 18, 1962. Lisa Randall is an alumna of Hampshire College Summer Studies in Mathematics; and she graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1980. She won first place in the 1980 Westinghouse Science Talent Search at the age of 18; and at Harvard University, Lisa Randall earned both a BA in physics (1983) and a PhD in theoretical particle physics (1987) under advisor Howard Mason Georgi III, a theoretical physicist. She is currently Frank B. Baird, Jr. Professor of Science on the physics faculty of Harvard University, where he has been for the past a decade. Her works concerns elementary particles and fundamental forces, and has involved the study of a wide variety of models, the most recent involving dimensions. She has also worked on supersymmetry, Standard Model observables, cosmological inflation, baryogenesis, grand unified theories, and general relativity. Consequently, her studies have made her among the most cited and influential theoretical physicists and she has received numerous awards and honors for her scientific endeavors. Since December 27, 2010 at 00:42 (GMT+7), Lisa Randall is Twitter’s user with account @lirarandall. “Thanks to new followers. Interesting how different it feels broadcasting on line vs.via book or article. Explanations? Pithiness? Rapidity?” is her first tweet.

An Interview with the Physicist that Her Head in the Universe and Both Feet on the Earth

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Universe

Put simply, Lisa Randall’s job is to figure out how the universe works, and what it’s made of. Her contributions to theoretical particle physics include two models of space-time that bear her name. The first Randall–Sundrum model addressed a problem with the Standard Model of the universe, and the second concerned the possibility of a warped additional dimension of space. In this work, we caught up with Randall to talk about why she chose a career in physics, where she finds inspiration, and what advice she’d offer budding physicists. This article has been edited for clarity. My favourite quote in this interview is, “Figure out what you enjoy, what your talents are, and what you’re most curious to learn about.” If you insterest in her work, you can contact her on Twitter @lirarandall.

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