scholarly journals MEASURING THE MAGNETIC BIREFRINGENCE OF VACUUM: THE PVLAS EXPERIMENT

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (15) ◽  
pp. 1260017 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. ZAVATTINI ◽  
U. GASTALDI ◽  
R. PENGO ◽  
G. RUOSO ◽  
F. DELLA VALLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Nonlinear Electrodynamic ◽  
Test Setup ◽  
Magnetic Birefringence ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
The Status ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
High Finesse

We describe the principle and the status of the PVLAS experiment which is presently running at the INFN section of Ferrara, Italy, to detect the magnetic birefringence of vacuum. This is related to the QED vacuum structure and can be detected by measuring the ellipticity acquired by a linearly polarized light beam propagating through a strong magnetic field. Such an effect is predicted by the Euler–Heisenberg Lagrangian. The method is also sensitive to other hypothetical physical effects such as axion-like particles and in general to any fermion/boson millicharged particle. Here we report on the construction of our apparatus based on a high finesse (> 2·105) Fabry–Perot cavity and two 0.9 m long 2.5 T permanent dipole rotating magnets, and on the measurements performed on a scaled down test setup. With the test setup we have improved by about a factor 2 the limit on the parameter Ae describing nonlinear electrodynamic effects in vacuum: Ae < 2.9 · 10-21 T-2 @ 95% C.L.

Influence of Magnetic Field on Level of Linearly Polarized Laser Beam Passing through Faraday Crystal

2021 ◽  
Vol 408 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Samer H. Zyoud ◽  
Atef Abdelkader ◽  
Ahed H. Zyoud ◽  
Araa Mebdir Holi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Polarization Level ◽  
Optically Active Material

Many natural materials have the ability to rotate the polarization level of linearly polarized laser beam and pass through it. This phenomenon is called optical activity. In the event that a light beam (linearly polarized) passes through an optically active material, such as a quartz crystal, and projected vertically on the optical axis, the output beam will be polarized equatorially, and the vibration level will rotate at a certain angle [1], [2], [3]. A number of crystals, liquids, solutions, and vapors rotate the electric field of linearly polarized light that passes through them [4], [5], [6], [7]. Many different physical effects are applied to optical isotropic and transparent materials that cause them to behave as optical active materials, where they are able to rotate the polarization level of the polarized light linearly and pass through it [8], [9], [10]. These effects include mechanical strength, electric field, and magnetic field. By placing one of these effects on an optically transparent medium, it changes the behavior of the light travelling through it [11].

Optical Trapping in a Cesium Cell with Linearly Polarized Light and at Zero Magnetic Field

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Höpe ◽  
D Haubrich ◽  
H Schadwinkel ◽  
F Strauch ◽  
D Meschede
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Optical Trapping ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Zero Magnetic Field ◽  
Linearly Polarized

Magneto-optics

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Newnham
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Applied Magnetic Field ◽  
Faraday Effect ◽  
Magnetic Circular Dichroism ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Electronic Energy ◽  
Kerr Rotation ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Magneto Optic

The magneto-optic properties of interest are the Faraday Effect, Kerr Rotation, and the Cotton–Mouton Effect. In 1846, Michael Faraday discovered that when linearly polarized light passes through glass in the presence of a magnetic field, the plane of polarization is rotated. The Faraday Effect is now used in a variety of microwave and optical devices. Normally the Faraday experiment is carried out in transmission, but rotation also occurs in reflection, the so-called Kerr Rotation that is used in magneto-optic disks with Mbit storage capability. Other magneto-optic phenomena of less practical interest include the Cotton– Mouton Effect, a quadratic relationship between birefringence and magnetic field, and magnetic circular dichroism that is closely related to the Faraday Effect. A number of nonlinear optical effects of magnetic or magnetoelectric origin are also under study. Almost all these magnetooptical effects are caused by the splitting of electronic energy levels by a magnetic field. This splitting was first discovered by the Dutch physicist Zeeman in 1896, and is referred to as the Zeeman Effect. When linearly polarized light travels parallel to a magnetic field, the plane of polarization is rotated through an angle ψ. It is found that the angle of rotation is given by . . . ψ(ω) = V(ω)Ht, . . . where H is the applied magnetic field, t is the sample thickness, ω is the angular frequency of the electromagnetic wave, and V(ω) is the Verdet coefficient. Faraday rotation is observed in nonmagnetic materials as well as in ferromagnets. The Verdet coefficient of a commercial one-way glass is plotted as a function of wavelength in Fig. 31.1(a). Corning 8363 is a rare earth borate glass developed to remove reflections from optical systems. A polarized laser beam is transmitted through the glass parallel to the applied magnetic field. The plane of polarization is rotated 45◦ by the Faraday Effect. The transmitted beam passes through the analyzer that is set at 45◦ to the polarizer. But the reflected waves coming from the surface of the glass and from the analyzer are rotated another 45◦ as they return toward the laser.

scholarly journals Enantioselective synthesis of helical polydiacetylene by application of linearly polarized light and magnetic field

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Xu ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
Hongyan Xia ◽  
Gang Zou ◽  
Qijin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Enantioselective Synthesis ◽  
Linearly Polarized

MIRROR BIREFRINGENCE IN A FABRY-PEROT CAVITY AND THE DETECTION OF VACUUM BIREFRINGENCE IN A MAGNETIC FIELD

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (28) ◽  
pp. 2125-2134 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C.P. CHUI ◽  
M. SHAO ◽  
D. REDDING ◽  
Y. GURSEL ◽  
A. BODEN
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Polarization Rotation ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
First Order ◽  
Fabry Perot ◽  
High Finesse ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Quantum electrodynamics (QED) theory predicts that vacuum under the influence of a strong magnetic field is birefringence. Recently, several groups have proposed to used a high finesse Fabry—Perot cavity to increase the average path length of the light in the magnetic field. This together with the state-of-the-art dipole magnets, should bring the effect within reach of observation. However, the mirrors used in the FP are known to have intrinsic birefringence which is of orders of magnitude larger than the birefringence of the vacuum. In this letter, we analyze the effect of uncontrollable variations of mirror birefringence on two recently proposed optical schemes. The first scheme,1 which we called the frequency scheme, is based on measurement of the beat frequency of two orthogonal polarized laser beams in the cavity. We show that mirror birefringence contributes to the detection uncertainties in first order, resulting in a high susceptibility to variations of its value. In the second scheme, which we called the polarization scheme, laser polarized at 45° relative to the B-field is injected into the cavity. The ellipticity and polarization rotation of the light exiting the cavity is measured.2 Under this scheme, mirror birefringence contributes as a correction of the QED effect, greatly reducing its sensitivity to the undesirable changes.

Specific Futures of Optical Anisotropy in Terbium Iron and Terbium Gallium Garnets

2014 ◽  
Vol 605 ◽  
pp. 553-556
Author(s):  
Natalia Tsidaeva ◽  
Viktorija Abaeva ◽  
Anatoly Turiev ◽  
Elena Enaldieva ◽  
Tengiz Butkhuzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Magnetization Vector ◽  
Linear Dichroism ◽  
Linear Birefringence ◽  
Optical Channels ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Magnetic Linear Dichroism

We reported magnetooptical properties of Tb3+in single crystals of Tb3Fe5O12and Tb3Ga5O12for ion occupying sites of D2symmetry in the garnets structure. It is shown that in the employed Voigt geometry the magnetic linear birefringence and the dichroism reach values 10-4, and have a strong dependence on the wavelength and a strong anisotropy. The absorption spectra were obtained at temperatures of 30K, 100K using magnetic field up to 25 kOe applied parallel and perpendiculare to the electric vector E linearly polarized light on the7F67F0and7F67F1optical transitions region. The aim of this research was revealing of a role of contributions of exchange interaction and a crystal field in splitting of energy levels of the basic condition7F6ion Tb3+multiplet in Tb ferrite-garnet by studying of character of spectra magnetic linear dichroism (MLD) paramagnetic and ferrimagnetic crystals placed in an external magnetic field. More over, the assumption about nonreciprocity of magnetic linear birefringence (MLB) spectra and dichroism with the change of the relative orientation of the magnetization vector I and the light wave vector has been experimentally confirmed. This effect may use as a base for the design of the different transducers, for example, magnetooptical optical channels commutator.

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