Specific Futures of Optical Anisotropy in Terbium Iron and Terbium Gallium Garnets

2014 ◽  
Vol 605 ◽  
pp. 553-556
Author(s):  
Natalia Tsidaeva ◽  
Viktorija Abaeva ◽  
Anatoly Turiev ◽  
Elena Enaldieva ◽  
Tengiz Butkhuzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Magnetization Vector ◽  
Linear Dichroism ◽  
Linear Birefringence ◽  
Optical Channels ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Magnetic Linear Dichroism

We reported magnetooptical properties of Tb3+in single crystals of Tb3Fe5O12and Tb3Ga5O12for ion occupying sites of D2symmetry in the garnets structure. It is shown that in the employed Voigt geometry the magnetic linear birefringence and the dichroism reach values 10-4, and have a strong dependence on the wavelength and a strong anisotropy. The absorption spectra were obtained at temperatures of 30K, 100K using magnetic field up to 25 kOe applied parallel and perpendiculare to the electric vector E linearly polarized light on the7F67F0and7F67F1optical transitions region. The aim of this research was revealing of a role of contributions of exchange interaction and a crystal field in splitting of energy levels of the basic condition7F6ion Tb3+multiplet in Tb ferrite-garnet by studying of character of spectra magnetic linear dichroism (MLD) paramagnetic and ferrimagnetic crystals placed in an external magnetic field. More over, the assumption about nonreciprocity of magnetic linear birefringence (MLB) spectra and dichroism with the change of the relative orientation of the magnetization vector I and the light wave vector has been experimentally confirmed. This effect may use as a base for the design of the different transducers, for example, magnetooptical optical channels commutator.

Anisotropy of the Linear Magnetic Birefridence of Europium Iron Garnet

2014 ◽  
Vol 605 ◽  
pp. 548-552
Author(s):  
Natalia Tsidaeva ◽  
Viktorija Abaeva ◽  
Anatoly Turiev ◽  
Elena Enaldieva ◽  
Tengiz Butkhuzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Magnetization Vector ◽  
Linear Dichroism ◽  
Linear Birefringence ◽  
Optical Channels ◽  
Iron Garnets ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Magnetic Linear Dichroism ◽  
Iron Garnet

The results of investigation of magnetic linear birefringence (MLB) and magnetic linear dichroism (MLD) of Eu3Fe5O12(EuIG) iron garnet on7F07F6optical transitions upon variation of the directions of the magnetization vector I relative to the electric vector E linearly polarized light that propagates through single crystal iron garnets are presented. The measurements were made on Eu3Fe5O12single-crystal samples in the form of plates 100 μm thick cut in the (110) and (100) plane at the temperatures T = 82 and in a magnetic field H= 25 kOe. The absorption spectra of the linearly polarized light were studied. It is shown that MLB and dichroism in the region of the7F07F6absorption band reach values 10-3. First experimentally discovered nonreciprocity of MLB spectra and dichroism with the change of the relative orientation of the magnetization vector I and the light wave vector. This effect may use as a base for the design of the different transducers, for example, magnetooptical optical channels commutator.

scholarly journals Determination of the Faraday rotation perpendicular to the optical axis in uniaxial CeF3 crystal by using the Generalized-High Accuracy Universal Polarimeter

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenta Nakagawa ◽  
Toru Asahi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Faraday Rotation ◽  
Magnetic Circular Dichroism ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Linear Dichroism ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Optic Axis ◽  
Linear Birefringence ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Optical Isolators

AbstractMany single crystals have been developed and commercialized for optical isolators. However, optical isolator materials have been limited to isotropic crystals or to the isotropic direction (optic axis) of anisotropic crystals. This study investigates the wavelength dependences of linear birefringence, linear dichroism, Faraday rotation and magnetic-circular dichroism in a single crystal rare-earth fluoride, namely CeF3. Measurements were made in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the optic axis under an applied magnetic field. The magnetic field was generated by Nd-Fe-B magnets installed in the generalized-high accuracy universal polarimeter (G-HAUP). The first application of G-HAUP to a magneto-optical material is presented. In the CeF3 crystal, the Verdet constants along directions parallel and perpendicular to the optic axis were positive over the measured wavelength region (300–680 nm), and their magnitudes were nearly equal. The success in the accurate measurement on Faraday rotation along anisotropic directions has opened the way to study on optical isolators along the direction other than optic axis.

scholarly journals Measurement of chiroptical properties of nickel sulfate hexahydrate with G-HAUP

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1779-C1779
Author(s):  
Takuya Taniguchi ◽  
Kazuhiko Ishikawa ◽  
Kenta Nakagawa ◽  
Masahito Tanaka ◽  
Toru Asahi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Nickel Sulfate ◽  
Linear Dichroism ◽  
Rotatory Power ◽  
Linear Birefringence ◽  
Helical Structures ◽  
Chiroptical Properties ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chiral Crystals

A crystal, which belongs to a lower crystal system than cubic one, exhibits optical anisotropies. The optical anisotropies originate from the difference in refraction and absorption between orthogonally linearly polarized lights. When molecules forming a crystal are enantiomers with the same chirality or form helical structures with the same handedness, the crystal shows chiroptical properties, which originate from the difference in refraction and absorption between right and left circularly polarized lights. The four optical phenomena are called linear birefringence (LB), linear dichroism (LD), circular birefringence (CB) and circular dichroism (CD), respectively. It had been difficult to measure CB and CD in chiral crystals with optical anisotropies because the signals of the anisotropies are three or four orders of magnitude larger than those of chiroptical properties. The Generalized High Accuracy Universal Polarimeter (G-HAUP) [1] enables us to simultaneously measure LB, LD, CB and CD of any anisotropic crystal. Nickel sulfate (NS) is achiral in the solution state. However, in the crystalline state, it forms hexahydrate and exhibits chirality since molecules are put in helical arrangements. The NS crystal belongs to an enantiomorphous space group, P41212 or P43212. Many researchers have reported the optical properties of NS crystal because large and good-quality crystals are readily grown. However, we consider the LB, LD, CB and CD in NS crystal should be simultaneously and completely investigated. The purpose of this study is to obtain LB, LD, CB and CD along the a axis with G-HAUP and compare the CB and CD with the results along the c axis. We measured optical rotatory power (ORP) along the c axis with G-HAUP, which agrees with the previous results [2,3]. We then prepared for some samples with chirality and anisotropy. We measured LB, LD, CB and CD spectra, respectively and will demonstrate the relation between their optical properties and structures.

Influence of Magnetic Field on Level of Linearly Polarized Laser Beam Passing through Faraday Crystal

2021 ◽  
Vol 408 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Samer H. Zyoud ◽  
Atef Abdelkader ◽  
Ahed H. Zyoud ◽  
Araa Mebdir Holi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Polarization Level ◽  
Optically Active Material

Many natural materials have the ability to rotate the polarization level of linearly polarized laser beam and pass through it. This phenomenon is called optical activity. In the event that a light beam (linearly polarized) passes through an optically active material, such as a quartz crystal, and projected vertically on the optical axis, the output beam will be polarized equatorially, and the vibration level will rotate at a certain angle [1], [2], [3]. A number of crystals, liquids, solutions, and vapors rotate the electric field of linearly polarized light that passes through them [4], [5], [6], [7]. Many different physical effects are applied to optical isotropic and transparent materials that cause them to behave as optical active materials, where they are able to rotate the polarization level of the polarized light linearly and pass through it [8], [9], [10]. These effects include mechanical strength, electric field, and magnetic field. By placing one of these effects on an optically transparent medium, it changes the behavior of the light travelling through it [11].

Synthesis and Fabrication of Aligned Conjugated Polymer Thin Films

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 1636-1641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Hirahara ◽  
Masahiro Yoshizawa-Fujita ◽  
Yuko Takeoka ◽  
Masahiro Rikukawa
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Linear Dichroism ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Absorption Region ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Cotton Effects ◽  
External Stimuli

Fluorene-thiophene copolymers having chiral and azobenzene substituents, PAzB4-T, were synthesized by the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki coupling method. We studied the aligning organization of the main chain of PAzB4-T with the activation of the attached functional groups by thermal annealing and photo-annealing processes. Circular dichroism (CD) measurements revealed that the thermally annealed PAzB4-T spin-coated films exhibited bisignate Cotton effects over the absorption regions of the polymer main chains and the azobenzene side chains due to the formation of chiral assemblies. After the photo-annealing process, which means linearly polarized light irradiation accompanied by thermal annealing, the PAzB4-T spin-coated films showed linear dichroism over the absorption region of the main chains, due to the alignment of azobenzene side chains against the electric field of the linearly polarized light. These results suggested that rigid conjugated polymers were successfully aligned by the alignment of functional groups with the external stimuli.

CALCULATION OF FREQUENCIES AND RELATIVE INTENSITIES OF NUCLEAR SPIN RESONANCE LINES IN CRYSTALS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1286-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bloom ◽  
L. B. Robinson ◽  
G. M. Volkoff
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Nuclear Spin ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Magnetization Vector ◽  
Single Coil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Oscillating Magnetic Field ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Set Up

Previous calculations of the dependence on the strength of the external magnetic field H0 of the energy levels and the expected frequencies of nuclear spin resonance lines of Al27 nuclei in a single crystal of LiAl(SiO3)2 (spodumene) have been extended over a wide range of H0 to more general orientations of the crystal with respect to H0.In order to describe the variation with H0 of the relative signal strength of a nuclear spin resonance line in a crystal, as observed with a crossed-coil spectrometer, a system of modified Bloch equations has been set up which describe the behavior of the magnetization vector of a two-level system when transitions are induced by an oscillating magnetic field. Solutions of these equations are used to explain the difference in the dependence on H0 of signal strengths in crossed-coil and in single-coil spectrometers.

scholarly journals Linear Birefringent Films of Cellulose Nanocrystals Produced by Dip-Coating

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Mendoza-Galván ◽  
Tania Tejeda-Galán ◽  
Amos Domínguez-Gómez ◽  
Reina Mauricio-Sánchez ◽  
Kenneth Järrendahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Mueller Matrix ◽  
Linear Birefringence ◽  
Transparent Films ◽  
Sample Rotation ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Linearly Polarized

Transparent films of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are prepared by dip-coating on glass substrates from aqueous suspensions of hydrolyzed filter paper. Dragging forces acting during films’ deposition promote a preferential alignment of the rod-shaped CNC. Films that are 2.8 and 6.0 µm in thickness show retardance effects, as evidenced by placing them between a linearly polarized light source and a linear polarizer sheet in the extinction configuration. Transmission Mueller matrix spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements at normal incidence as a function of sample rotation were used to characterize polarization properties. A differential decomposition of the Mueller matrix reveals linear birefringence as the unique polarization parameter. These results show a promising way for obtaining CNC birefringent films by a simple and controllable method.

Optical Trapping in a Cesium Cell with Linearly Polarized Light and at Zero Magnetic Field

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Höpe ◽  
D Haubrich ◽  
H Schadwinkel ◽  
F Strauch ◽  
D Meschede
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Optical Trapping ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Zero Magnetic Field ◽  
Linearly Polarized

Generation of Circularly Polarized Light of Highly Oriented Poly(P-Phenylene Vinylene)

2000 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marletta ◽  
D. Gonçalves ◽  
O. N. Oliveira ◽  
R. M. Faria ◽  
F. E. G. Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Linear Dichroism ◽  
Asymmetry Factor ◽  
Phenylene Vinylene ◽  
Lb Films ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Langmuir Blodgett ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
Absorption Experiment ◽  
Linearly Polarized

ABSTRACTLangmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) were prepared using an amphiphilic precursor, where the counterion chloride was partially replaced by a long chain dodecylbenzenesulfonate ion. These LB-PPV films are highly ordered along the dipping direction as demonstrated by linear dichroism experiments using linearly polarized optical absorption and emission. The intensity ratio between emitted light parallel and perpendicular to the dipping direction was ca. 17, which is much higher than the dichroic ratio of 3.6 found in the polarized absorption experiment. These values indicate an efficient energy and/or charge transfer between low conjugated segments (disordered) and highly conjugated (ordered) ones after excitation. In addition, the LB films displayed large circular polarization with an asymmetry factor ge which varies from 0.6 to –0.2 when the sample temperature is increased from 30 to 300 K.

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