GAUGE INVARIANCE AND CONSTRAINTS: OPEN GAUGE ALGEBRAS

1992 ◽  
Vol 07 (22) ◽  
pp. 5549-5561 ◽  
Author(s):  
KH. S. NIROV ◽  
P.N. PYATOV ◽  
A.V. RAZUMOV
Keyword(s):  
Wide Class ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Poisson Brackets ◽  
Hamiltonian Description ◽  
Gauge Invariant

For a wide class of gauge-invariant systems with open gauge algebras the Hamiltonian description is constructed and the Poisson brackets of the constraints are calculated. It is shown that in the case under consideration there arise only first class constraints.

GAUGE INVARIANCE AND CONSTRAINTS

1989 ◽  
Vol 04 (13) ◽  
pp. 3211-3228 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.N. PYATOV ◽  
A.V. RAZUMOV
Keyword(s):  
Phase Space ◽  
Wide Class ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Lagrangian Systems ◽  
Poisson Brackets ◽  
Hamiltonian Description ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Primary Constraint ◽  
Extension Of Functions ◽  
Constraint Surface

It is shown that in the Hamiltonian description of a wide class of gauge invariant Lagrangian systems there arise only primary and secondary constraints and they are all first class. The explicit expressions for the Poisson brackets of the Hamiltonian and the constraints are obtained by introducing the so-called “standard” extension of functions originally defined on the primary constraint surface to the whole phase space.

scholarly journals CONSTRAINT ALGEBRAS IN GAUGE-INVARIANT SYSTEMS

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (28) ◽  
pp. 4087-4105 ◽  
Author(s):  
KH. S. NIROV
Keyword(s):  
Wide Class ◽  
Arbitrary Function ◽  
Arbitrary Order ◽  
Local Symmetry ◽  
Poisson Brackets ◽  
Hamiltonian Description ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Symmetry Transformations ◽  
Constraint Algebra ◽  
Derivatives Of

A Hamiltonian description is constructed for a wide class of mechanical systems having local symmetry transformations depending on time derivatives of the gauge parameters of arbitrary order. The Poisson brackets of the Hamiltonian and constraints with each other and with an arbitrary function are explicitly obtained. The constraint algebra is proved to be of the first class.

scholarly journals Gauge invariance, polar coordinates and inflation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Akil ◽  
Xi Tong
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Polar Coordinates ◽  
Quantum Corrections ◽  
Background Current ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Gauge Dependence ◽  
Current Term ◽  
Invariant Current

Abstract We point out the necessity of resolving the apparent gauge dependence in the quantum corrections of cosmological observables for Higgs-like inflation models. We highlight the fact that this gauge dependence is due to the use of an asymmetric background current which is specific to a choice of coordinate system in the scalar manifold. Favoring simplicity over complexity, we further propose a practical shortcut to gauge-independent inflationary observables by using effective potential obtained from a polar-like background current choice. We demonstrate this shortcut for several explicit examples and present a gauge-independent prediction of inflationary observables in the Abelian Higgs model. Furthermore, with Nielsen’s gauge dependence identities, we show that for any theory to all orders, a gauge-invariant current term gives a gauge-independent effective potential and thus gauge-invariant inflationary observables.

scholarly journals A master exceptional field theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Bossard ◽  
Axel Kleinschmidt ◽  
Ergin Sezgin
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Sigma Model ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Non Linear Equations

Abstract We construct a pseudo-Lagrangian that is invariant under rigid E11 and transforms as a density under E11 generalised diffeomorphisms. The gauge-invariance requires the use of a section condition studied in previous work on E11 exceptional field theory and the inclusion of constrained fields that transform in an indecomposable E11-representation together with the E11 coset fields. We show that, in combination with gauge-invariant and E11-invariant duality equations, this pseudo-Lagrangian reduces to the bosonic sector of non-linear eleven-dimensional supergravity for one choice of solution to the section condi- tion. For another choice, we reobtain the E8 exceptional field theory and conjecture that our pseudo-Lagrangian and duality equations produce all exceptional field theories with maximal supersymmetry in any dimension. We also describe how the theory entails non-linear equations for higher dual fields, including the dual graviton in eleven dimensions. Furthermore, we speculate on the relation to the E10 sigma model.

scholarly journals All-plus helicity off-shell gauge invariant multigluon amplitudes at one loop

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Blanco ◽  
Andreas van Hameren ◽  
Piotr Kotko ◽  
Krzysztof Kutak
Keyword(s):  
Scattering Amplitudes ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Arbitrary Number ◽  
Gauge Invariant

Abstract We calculate one loop scattering amplitudes for arbitrary number of positive helicity on-shell gluons and one off-shell gluon treated within the quasi-multi Regge kinematics. The result is fully gauge invariant and possesses the correct on-shell limit. Our method is based on embedding the off-shell process, together with contributions needed to retain gauge invariance, in a bigger fully on-shell process with auxiliary quark or gluon line.

scholarly journals Confinement, Monopoles and Gauge Invariance

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 00001
Author(s):  
Adriano Di Giacomo
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Order Parameter ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Creation

The status is reviewed of the lattice studies of confinement by dual superconductivity of QCD vacuum. Progress is made by proving that the existence and the creation of a monopole are gauge invariant concepts. This proof fully legitimates an existing order parameter, and with it the evidence it provides of monopole condensation in the confining vacuum.

scholarly journals Perturbative Renormalization of Wilson line operators

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 06025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Constantinou ◽  
Haralambos Panagopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Wide Class ◽  
Lattice Spacing ◽  
Wilson Line ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Loop Level ◽  
Perturbative Renormalization ◽  
Lattice Perturbation Theory ◽  
Lattice Perturbation

We present results for the renormalization of gauge invariant nonlocal fermion operators which contain a Wilson line, to one loop level in lattice perturbation theory. Our calculations have been performed for Wilson/clover fermions and a wide class of Symanzik improved gluon actions. The extended nature of such ‘long-link’ operators results in a nontrivial renormalization, including contributions which diverge linearly as well as logarithmically with the lattice spacing, along with additional finite factors. We present nonperturbative prescriptions to extract the linearly divergent contributions.

scholarly journals SUPER-τ3QED AND THE DIMENSIONAL REDUCTION OF N=1SUPER-QED2+2

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (08) ◽  
pp. 1367-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. DE ANDRADE ◽  
O.M. DEL CIMA
Keyword(s):  
Vector Field ◽  
Imaginary Part ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Dimensional Reduction ◽  
Complex Vector ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Invariant Action ◽  
Supersymmetric Version ◽  
Supersymmetric Gauge ◽  
Weyl Symmetry

In this work the supersymmetric gauge-invariant action for the massive Abelian N=1 super-QED 2+2 in the Atiyah-Ward space-time (D=2+2) is formulated. The questions concerning the scheme of the gauge invariance in D=2+2 by means of gauging the massive N=1 super-QED 2+2 are investigated. We study how to ensure the gauge invariance at the expense of the introduction of a complex vector superfield. We discuss the Wess-Zumino gauge and thereupon we conclude that, in this gauge, only the imaginary part of the complex vector field, Bμ, gauges a U(1) symmetry. whereas its real part gauges a Weyl symmetry. We build up the gauge-invariant massive term by introducing a pair of chiral and antichiral superfields with opposite U(1) charges. We carry out a dimensional reduction à la Scherk of the massive N=1 super-QED 2+2 action from D=2+2 to D=1+2. Truncations are needed in order to suppress nonphysical modes, and we end up with a parity-preserving N=1 super-QED 1+2 (rather than N=2) in D=1+2. Finally, we show that the N=1 super-QED 1+2 we have obtained is the supersymmetric version of τ3 QED .

scholarly journals LOOP VARIABLES AND THE INTERACTING OPEN STRING IN A CURVED BACKGROUND

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045
Author(s):  
B. SATHIAPALAN
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Flat Space ◽  
Open String ◽  
Target Space ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Free Case ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Generally Covariant

Applying the loop variable proposal to a sigma model (with boundary) in a curved target space, we give a systematic method for writing the gauge and generally covariant interacting equations of motion for the modes of the open string in a curved background. As in the free case described in an earlier paper, the equations are obtained by covariantizing the flat space (gauge invariant) interacting equations and then demanding gauge invariance in the curved background. The resulting equation has the form of a sum of terms that would individually be gauge invariant in flat space or at zero interaction strength, but mix amongst themselves in curved space when interactions are turned on. The new feature is that the loop variables are deformed so that there is a mixing of modes. Unlike the free case, the equations are coupled, and all the modes of the open string are required for gauge invariance.

scholarly journals NUCLEON SPIN IN QCD: OLD CRISIS AND NEW RESOLUTION

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (31) ◽  
pp. 1230032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. CHO ◽  
MO-LIN GE ◽  
PENGMING ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Gauge Invariance ◽  
Nucleon Spin ◽  
Gauge Invariant ◽  
Abelian Decomposition ◽  
Invariance Problem

We clarify the on-going confusion on the long-standing gauge invariance problem of the nucleon spin decomposition to the spin and angular momentum of quarks and gluons. We provide two gauge-invariant decompositions of nucleon spin which have different physical meanings, using the gauge independent Abelian decomposition. The first one is based on the assumption that all (binding and valence) gluons contribute to the nucleon spin, but the second one is based on the assumption that only the binding gluons (and the quarks) contribute to it.

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