THEORY OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION OF CERAMICS BASED ON FLAW-SIZE DISTRIBUTION

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (09n11) ◽  
pp. 1489-1495
Author(s):  
YOHTARO MATSUO
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Flaw Size ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Surface Strengthening ◽  
One To One ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Machining Damage

Two kinds of theory for non-destructive inspection of ceramics were reviewed, which were derived by the authors using flaw-size distribution. In the sufficient condition theory (Realistic NDI), we had discussed about the screening flaw-size and a screening region. In the necessary and sufficient condition theory (Ideal NDI), we found that the screening flaw-size should be changed depending on stress state and specimen configuration. It was proved that there is one-to-one correspondence between Ideal NDI and a proof test. Applications to machining damage problems and surface strengthening of ceramics were also presented.

A continuous generalization of the transversal property

1984 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
P. Komjáth
Keyword(s):  
Finite Subset ◽  
Measure Space ◽  
Choice Function ◽  
Finite Measure ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Finite Sets ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
One To One ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

A transversal for a set-system is a one-to-one choice function. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a transversal in the case of finite sets was given by P. Hall (see [4, 3]). The corresponding condition for the case when countably many countable sets are given was conjectured by Nash-Williams and later proved by Damerell and Milner [2]. B. Bollobás and N. Varopoulos stated and proved the following measure theoretic counterpart of Hall's theorem: if (X, μ) is an atomless measure space, ℋ = {Hi: i∈I} is a family of measurable sets with finite measure, λi (i∈I) are non-negative real numbers, then we can choose a subset Ti ⊆ Hi with μ(Ti) = λi and μ(Ti ∩ Ti′) = 0 (i ≠ i′) if and only if μ({U Hi: iεJ}) ≥ Σ{λi: iεJ}: for every finite subset J of I. In this note we generalize this result giving a necessary and sufficient condition for the case when I is countable and X is the union of countably many sets of finite measure.

scholarly journals Local homeo- and diffeomorphisms: invertibility and convex image

1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaetano Zampieri ◽  
Gianluca Gorni
Keyword(s):  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Connected Subset ◽  
Local Homeomorphism ◽  
Local Diffeomorphisms ◽  
Open Connected Subset ◽  
One To One ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

We prove a necessary and sufficient condition for a local homeomorphism defined on an open, connected subset of a Euclidean space to be globally one-to-one and, at the same time, for the image to be convex. Among the applications we give a practical sufficiency test for invertibility for twice differentiable local diffeomorphisms defined on a ball.

A Proposed Framework Emphasizing Auditor Reliability over Auditor Independence

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Taylor ◽  
F. Todd DeZoort ◽  
Edward Munn ◽  
Martha Wetterhall Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Auditor Independence ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
The Public ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

This paper introduces an auditor reliability framework that repositions the role of auditor independence in the accounting profession. The framework is motivated in part by widespread confusion about independence and the auditing profession's continuing problems with managing independence and inspiring public confidence. We use philosophical, theoretical, and professional arguments to argue that the public interest will be best served by reprioritizing professional and ethical objectives to establish reliability in fact and appearance as the cornerstone of the profession, rather than relationship-based independence in fact and appearance. This revised framework requires three foundation elements to control subjectivity in auditors' judgments and decisions: independence, integrity, and expertise. Each element is a necessary but not sufficient condition for maximizing objectivity. Objectivity, in turn, is a necessary and sufficient condition for achieving and maintaining reliability in fact and appearance.

The Power of Public Positions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Political Authority ◽  
The State ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Kantian account of political authority holds that the state is a necessary and sufficient condition of our freedom. We cannot be free outside the state, Kantians argue, because any attempt to have the “acquired rights” necessary for our freedom implicates us in objectionable relations of dependence on private judgment. Only in the state can this problem be overcome. But it is not clear how mere institutions could make the necessary difference, and contemporary Kantians have not offered compelling explanations. A detailed analysis is presented of the problems Kantians identify with the state of nature and the objections they face in claiming that the state overcomes them. A response is sketched on behalf of Kantians. The key idea is that under state institutions, a person can make claims of acquired right without presupposing that she is by nature exceptional in her capacity to bind others.

scholarly journals Lorentz Boosts and Wigner Rotations: Self-Adjoint Complexified Quaternions

Physics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-366
Author(s):  
Thomas Berry ◽  
Matt Visser
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Wigner Rotation ◽  
Inertial Frames ◽  
Explicit Formulae ◽  
Specific Implementation ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Lorentz Boosts

In this paper, Lorentz boosts and Wigner rotations are considered from a (complexified) quaternionic point of view. It is demonstrated that, for a suitably defined self-adjoint complex quaternionic 4-velocity, pure Lorentz boosts can be phrased in terms of the quaternion square root of the relative 4-velocity connecting the two inertial frames. Straightforward computations then lead to quite explicit and relatively simple algebraic formulae for the composition of 4-velocities and the Wigner angle. The Wigner rotation is subsequently related to the generic non-associativity of the composition of three 4-velocities, and a necessary and sufficient condition is developed for the associativity to hold. Finally, the authors relate the composition of 4-velocities to a specific implementation of the Baker–Campbell–Hausdorff theorem. As compared to ordinary 4×4 Lorentz transformations, the use of self-adjoint complexified quaternions leads, from a computational view, to storage savings and more rapid computations, and from a pedagogical view to to relatively simple and explicit formulae.

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