NUMERICAL STUDY ON ANTI-PENETRATION PROCESS OF ALUMINA CERAMIC (AD95) TO TUNGSTEN LONG ROD PROJECTILES

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 2091-2103
Author(s):  
XIANFENG ZHANG ◽  
NIANSONG ZHANG ◽  
YONGCHI LI
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Efficiency Factor ◽  
Alumina Ceramic ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Long Rod

Numerical studies were conducted on the ballistic performance of alumina ceramic (AD95) tiles based on depth of penetration method, when subjected to normal impact of tungsten long rod projectiles at velocities ranging from 1100 to 2000 ms-1. The residual depth on after-effect target was derived in each case, and the ballistic efficiency factor was determined using the corresponding penetration depth on medium carbon steel. Anti-penetration experiment study of the AD95 ceramic tiles to tungsten long rod projectiles has been carried out to verify the accuracy of numerical simulation model. The result shows that numerical simulation results agree well with the corresponding experiment results and AD95 ceramic has excellent ballistic performance than medium carbon steel. The ballistic efficiency factor increases with velocity increasing when impact velocity lower than 1300 ms-1, and when it was higher than 1300 ms-1 the ballistic efficiency factor has almost no difference.

The Influence of Steel Cover Thickness on Ballistic Performance of Confined TiC-TiB2 Ceramic Tiles against the Impact of Long-Rod Tungsten Alloy Penetrator of 1.4 km · s-1

2013 ◽  
Vol 544 ◽  
pp. 304-309
Author(s):  
Chuan Zeng Pan ◽  
Zhong Min Zhao ◽  
Long Zhang ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Tungsten Alloy ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Long Rod ◽  
High Integrity ◽  
Cover Thickness ◽  
The Impact

By conducting DOP test to evaluate the ballistic performance of confined TiC-TiB2 ceramic tiles against long-rod tungsten alloy penetrators under the impact of 1.4 km · s-1, the influences of steel cover thickness on ballistic performance of TiC-TiB2 ceramic tilSubscript textes laterally confined by heat shrinkage of medium-carbon-steel sleeves were investigated. The results of ballistic testing showed that the steel covers with the thickness of 1.5 mm and 3.5 mm failed to axially confined the ceramic tiles with the mass efficiency smaller than 2.0. Since the steel covers in thickness larger than 10 mm had a sufficient stiffness to support their axially confinement on the ceramic tiles and ensure the ceramic tiles with high integrity to ballistic impact by inhibiting the comminuted ceramic to sputter out, not only resulting in the limited room-making of the penetrators in the ceramic tiles for their penetration, but also more importantly yielding the intensified erosion of commuted ceramic to the penetrators, finally, the improved ballistic performance of the ceramic tiles was achieved with the mass efficiency larger than 2.5.

Numerical Study on the Removal of Hydrogen and Nitrogen from the Melt of Medium Carbon Steel in Vacuum Tank Degasser

2013 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Yu ◽  
Jyrki Miettinen ◽  
Seppo Louhenkilpi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Liquid Steel ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Vacuum Treatment ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Cell Expression

The steelmaking field has been seeing an increased demand of reducing hydrogen and nitrogen in liquid steel before casting. This is often accomplished by vacuum treatment. This paper focuses on developing a numerical model to investigate the removal of hydrogen and nitrogen from the melt of medium carbon steel in a commercial vacuum tank degasser. An activity coefficient model and the eddy-cell expression are implemented in the ANSYS FLUENT code to compute the activities of related elements and mass transfer coefficients of hydrogen and nitrogen in liquid steel. Several cases are simulated to assess the effect of gas flow rate and initial nitrogen content in liquid steel on degassing process and the calculated results are compared with industrial measured data.

Numerical Study of High Velocity Impact onto MMC/Ceramic Layered Systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 715 ◽  
pp. 210-215
Author(s):  
Seung Hwan Lee ◽  
Minh Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Tungsten Alloy ◽  
Layered Systems ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Ballistic Performance ◽  
Long Rod ◽  
The Impact

Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) can be applied to military applications due to the light weight and the ballistic performance. In this study, a numerical simulation has been performed for the penetration of a long-rod penetrator into MMC/Ceramic layered systems. The impact velocity is 1.5km/s and the length to diameter (L/D) ratio is 10.6. First, the ballistic performances of each candidate materials are examined by doing the semi-infinite target simulation to estimate the depth of penetration (DOP) data. The materials included in this study are four (tungsten alloy, mild steel, SiC, MMC. The MMC materials are SiC/Al7075 (volume fraction around 45%). For a reference data, the impact simulation into mild-steel target only was also carried out. Finally, the main simulation is performed by varying the position of ceramic tile at three types of the thickness of ceramic tile. The residual velocity, residual mass and residual kinetic energy of the long-rod are obtained from the simulation. Based on these predicted values, the optimum system of the layered plate has been estimated.

INFLUENCE THE QUENCHING AND TEMPERING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS, OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Sattar H A Alfatlawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

One of ways to improve properties of materials without changing the product shape toobtain the desired engineering applications is heating and cooling under effect of controlledsequence of heat treatment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofheating and cooling on the surface roughness, microstructure and some selected propertiessuch as the hardness and impact strength of Medium Carbon Steel which treated at differenttypes of heat treatment processes. Heat treatment achieved in this work was respectively,heating, quenching and tempering. The specimens were heated to 850°C and left for 45minutes inside the furnace as a holding time at that temperature, then quenching process wasperformed in four types of quenching media (still air, cold water (2°C), oil and polymersolution), respectively. Thereafter, the samples were tempered at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°Cwith one hour as a soaking time for each temperature, then were all cooled by still air. Whenthe heat treatment process was completed, the surface roughness, hardness, impact strengthand microstructure tests were performed. The results showed a change and clearimprovement of surface roughness, mechanical properties and microstructure afterquenching was achieved, as well as the change that took place due to the increasingtoughness and ductility by reducing of brittleness of samples.

AISI 1025

Alloy Digest ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Cold Worked

Abstract AISI 1025 is a low-to-medium-carbon steel used in the hot-worked, cold-worked, normalized or water-quenched-and-tempered condition for general-purpose construction and engineering. It is also used for case-hardened components. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-47. Producer or source: Carbon and alloy steel mills.

AISI 1551

Alloy Digest ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Hand Tools ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Good Workability

Abstract AISI 1551 is a medium-carbon steel containing relatively high manganese (0.85-1.15%) for a carbon steel. It can be used in the hot-rolled, annealed, normalized, cold-worked or liquid-quenched-and-tempered condition for numerous applications. It has a combination of good machinability and good workability. Its many uses include hand tools, machinery parts, springs and agricultural machinery. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-80. Producer or source: Carbon steel mills.

SAE 1037

Alloy Digest ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
Hot Rolled

Abstract SAE 1037 is a carbon steel that provides medium strength and medium toughness at low cost. It is used in the hot-rolled, normalized, oil-quenched-and-tempered and water-quenched-and-tempered conditions. This medium-carbon steel is used for construction and for general-purpose engineering. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-76. Producer or source: Carbon steel mills.

SAE 1026

Alloy Digest ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
High Manganese ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
The Core ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Good Workability

Abstract SAE 1026 is a low-to-medium-carbon steel used in the annealed, hot-worked, normalized, cold-worked or water-quenched-and-tempered condition for a variety of engineering and construction applications. It combines good workability (hot or cold), good machinability and good weldability. It has relatively high manganese (0.60-0.90%); this provides increased hardenability which is reflected in all uses and gives somewhat increased hardness and strength in the core of carburized parts and in uncarburized applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: CS-60. Producer or source: Carbon steel mills.

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