scholarly journals Nonrelativistic fermionic energy gap in the nonabelian gauge systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (15) ◽  
pp. 1750126
Author(s):  
Bo-Jie Huang ◽  
Chyh-Hong Chern
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Fundamental Representation ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Gauge Systems

We demonstrate that the nonrelativistic fermions open the energy gap when the SU([Formula: see text]) gauge bosons, mediating the interaction between fermions, acquire the mass. Surprisingly, even though there is the SU([Formula: see text]) gauge symmetry, there is always one fermionic energy gap which is not degenerate to the rest of the [Formula: see text] fermions for [Formula: see text] in the fundamental representation.

scholarly journals A confining quark model and new gauge symmetry

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (22) ◽  
pp. 1450120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Ping Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Quark Model ◽  
Power Counting ◽  
Gauge Fields ◽  
Linear Potential ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Color Charge ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Gauge Transformations ◽  
Empirical Potentials

We discuss a confining model for quark–antiquark system with a new color SU3 gauge symmetry. New gauge transformations involve non-integrable phase factors and lead to the fourth-order gauge field equations and a linear potential. The massless gauge bosons have non-definite energies, which are not observable because they are permanently confined in quark systems by the linear potential. We use the empirical potentials of charmonium to determine the coupling strength of the color charge gs and find [Formula: see text]. The rules for Feynman diagrams involve propagators with poles of order 2 associated with new gauge fields. The confining quark model may be renormalizable by power counting and compatible with perturbation theory.

scholarly journals LHC Probes of TeV-Scale Scalars in SO(10) Grand Unification

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Aydemir ◽  
Tanumoy Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Vacuum Expectation ◽  
Vacuum Expectation Value ◽  
Gluon Fusion ◽  
Grand Unification ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Last Stage

We investigate the possibility of TeV-scale scalars as low energy remnants arising in the nonsupersymmetric SO(10) grand unification framework where the field content is minimal. We consider a scenario where the SO(10) gauge symmetry is broken into the gauge symmetry of the Standard Model (SM) through multiple stages of symmetry breaking, and a colored and hypercharged scalar χ picks a TeV-scale mass in the process. The last stage of the symmetry breaking occurs at the TeV-scale where the left-right symmetry, that is, SU(2)L⊗SU(2)R⊗U(1)B-L⊗SU(3)C, is broken into that of the SM by a singlet scalar field S of mass MS~1 TeV, which is a component of an SU(2)R-triplet scalar field, acquiring a TeV-scale vacuum expectation value. For the LHC phenomenology, we consider a scenario where S is produced via gluon-gluon fusion through loop interactions with χ and also decays to a pair of SM gauge bosons through χ in the loop. We find that the parameter space is heavily constrained from the latest LHC data. We use a multivariate analysis to estimate the LHC discovery reach of S into the diphoton channel.

scholarly journals THE MASS DIFFERENCE OF $F-\bar{F}$ WITH SO(3) FAMILY GAUGE SYMMETRY

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (20) ◽  
pp. 1250107 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONG-LEI LI ◽  
SHOU-SHAN BAO ◽  
ZONG-GUO SI
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Mass Difference ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Majorana Neutrinos ◽  
Mixing Matrix ◽  
Gauge Interaction

As a simple extension, a non-Abelian family gauge symmetry SO(3), as well as three family Majorana neutrinos, was introduced to explain the tri-bimaximal mixing matrix of neutrinos. We discuss the effect of the possible SO(3) family gauge interaction to the mass differences of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and get the constrains to the new gauge bosons.

TWISTED CURRENT ALGEBRAS AND GAUGE SYMMETRY BREAKING IN STRING THEORY

1986 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. GOVINDRAJAN ◽  
T. JAYRAMAN ◽  
AMITABH MUKHERJEE ◽  
SPENTA R. WADIA
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Lie Group ◽  
Current Algebra ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Global Symmetry ◽  
Compact Lie Group ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Symmetry Generators ◽  
The Masses

The appearance of vorticity 01 twists in 2-dim. current algebra associated with a compact Lie group G can lead to the absence of some of the global symmetry generators of G and one expects the symmetry to be reduced to a smaller subgroup H of G. Contrary to expectations, all gauge bosons, including those of H become massive. This is because the zero point energy of the string is uniformly shifted upward affecting the masses of all particles by the same amount.

scholarly journals Composite Dark Matter and a horizontal symmetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Carvunis ◽  
Diego Guadagnoli ◽  
Méril Reboud ◽  
Peter Stangl
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Flavor Symmetry ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Weakly Coupled ◽  
Horizontal Symmetry ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The One

Abstract We present a model of composite Dark Matter (DM), in which a new QCD-like confining “hypercolor” sector generates naturally stable hyperbaryons as DM candidates and at the same time provides mass to new weakly coupled gauge bosons H that serve as DM mediators, coupling the hyperbaryons to the Standard Model (SM) fermions. By an appropriate choice of the H gauge symmetry as a horizontal SU(2)h SM flavor symmetry, we show how the H gauge bosons can be identified with the horizontal gauge bosons recently put forward as an explanation for discrepancies in rare B-meson decays. We find that the mass scale of the H gauge bosons suggested by the DM phenomenology intriguingly agrees with the one needed to explain the rare B-decay discrepancies.

scholarly journals ρ PARAMETER IN THE VECTOR CONDENSATE MODEL OF ELECTROWEAK INTERACTIONS

1994 ◽  
Vol 09 (18) ◽  
pp. 1701-1705 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. CYNOLTER ◽  
E. LENDVAI ◽  
G. POCSIK
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Vector Boson ◽  
Higgs Doublet ◽  
Electroweak Interactions ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Momentum Scale ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Vector Bosons

In the standard model of electroweak interactions the Higgs doublet is replaced by a doublet of vector bosons and the gauge symmetry is broken dynamically. This generates masses for the gauge bosons and fermions as well as it fixes the interactions in the model. The model has a low momentum scale. In this note we show that the model survives the test of the ρ parameter, and to each momentum scale ρ chooses a possible range of vector boson masses.

scholarly journals Multicomponent dark matter in noncommutative B − L gauge theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao H. Nam ◽  
Duong Van Loi ◽  
Le Xuan Thuy ◽  
Phung Van Dong
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Lepton Charge ◽  
Normal Matter ◽  
Scalar Sector

Abstract It is shown that for a higher weak isospin symmetry, SU(P)L with P ≥ 3, the baryon minus lepton charge B − L neither commutes nor closes algebraically with SU(P)L similar to the electric charge Q, which all lead to a SU(3)C ⊗ SU(P)L ⊗ U(1)X ⊗ U(1)N gauge completion, where X and N determine Q and B − L, respectively. As a direct result, the neutrinos obtain appropriate masses via a canonical seesaw. While the version with P = 3 supplies the schemes of single-component dark matter well established in the literature, we prove in this work that the models with P ≥ 4 provide the novel scenarios of multicomponent dark matter, which contain simultaneously at least P−2 stable candidates, respectively. In this setup, the multicomponet dark matter is nontrivially unified with normal matter by gauge multiplets, and their stability is ensured by a residual gauge symmetry which is a remnant of the gauge symmetry after spontaneous symmetry breaking. The three versions with P = 4 according to the new lepton electric charges are detailedly investigated. The mass spectrum of the scalar sector is diagonalized when the scale of the U(1)N breaking is much higher than that of the usual 3-4-1 symmetry breaking. All the interactions of gauge bosons with fermions and scalars are obtained. We figure out viable parameter regimes given that the multicomponent dark matter satisfies the Planck and (in)direct detection experiments.

scholarly journals Family number, Wilson line phases and hidden supersymmetry

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (26) ◽  
pp. 1450150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhei Goto ◽  
Yoshiharu Kawamura ◽  
Takashi Miura
Keyword(s):  
Gauge Symmetry ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Wilson Line ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
The Relationship

We study the relationship between the family number of chiral fermions and the Wilson line phases, based on the orbifold family unification. We find that flavor numbers are independent of the Wilson line phases relating extra-dimensional components of gauge bosons, as far as the standard model gauge symmetry is respected. This feature originates from a hidden quantum-mechanical supersymmetry.

Formation of high temperature phase in flash-evaporated SnSe films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
J.P.S. Hanjra
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
High Temperature Phase ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Flash Evaporation ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications

Tin mono selenide (SnSe) with an energy gap of about 1 eV is a potential material for photovoltaic applications. Various authors have studied the structure, electronic and photoelectronic properties of thin films of SnSe grown by various deposition techniques. However, for practical photovoltaic junctions the electrical properties of SnSe films need improvement. We have carried out investigations into the properties of flash evaporated SnSe films. In this paper we report our results on the structure, which plays a dominant role on the electrical properties of thin films by TEM, SEM, and electron diffraction (ED).Thin films of SnSe were deposited by flash evaporation of SnSe fine powder prepared from high purity Sn and Se, onto glass, mica and KCl substrates in a vacuum of 2Ø micro Torr. A 15% HF + 2Ø% HNO3 solution was used to detach SnSe film from the glass and mica substrates whereas the film deposited on KCl substrate was floated over an ethanol water mixture by dissolution of KCl. The floating films were picked up on the grids for their EM analysis.

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