Muon g − 2 anomaly and neutrino magnetic moments

We show that a unified framework based on an SU(2)H horizontal symmetry which generates a naturally large neutrino transition magnetic moment and explains the XENON1T electron recoil excess also predicts a positive shift in the muon anomalous magnetic moment. This shift is of the right magnitude to be consistent with the Brookhaven measurement as well as the recent Fermilab measurement of the muon g − 2. A relatively light neutral scalar from a Higgs doublet with mass near 100 GeV contributes to muon g − 2, while its charged partner induces the neutrino magnetic moment. In contrast to other multi-scalar theories, in the model presented here there is no freedom to control the sign and strength of the muon g − 2 contribution. We analyze the collider tests of this framework and find that the HL-LHC can probe the entire parameter space of these models.

Spontaneous CP violation and horizontal symmetry in the MSSM: toward lepton flavor naturalness

We study the contributions of supersymmetric models with a U(1) horizontal symmetry and only spontaneous CP breaking to various lepton flavor observables, such as μ → eγ and the electron electric dipole moment. We show that both a horizontal symmetry and a lack of explicit CP violation can alleviate the existing bounds from such observables. The undetermined $$ \mathcal{O} $$ O (1) coefficients in such mass matrix models muddle the interpretation of the bounds from various flavor observables. To overcome this, we define a new fine-tuning measure for different observables in such setups. This allows us to study how naturally the observed IR flavor observables can emerge from a given mass matrix model. We use our flavor-naturalness measure in study of our supersymmetric models and quantify the degree of fine tuning required by the bounds from various lepton flavor observables at each mass scale of sleptons, neutralinos, and charginos.

Perturbation in monoclinic medium with a horizontal symmetry plane

Summary Perturbation method applied for the phase velocities in the monoclinic model with a horizontal symmetry plane gives insight into the seismic signatures of P, S1 and S2 wave modes associated with the monoclinic stiffness coefficients. The perturbation-based approximations are very accurate and can be used for modeling and inversion purpose.

Shear-wave splitting of SK(K)S-phases beneath the Upper Rhine Graben area: Indications for laterally and vertically varying seismic anisotropy

<p>The observed backazimuthal variations in the shear-wave splitting of core-refracted shear waves (SK(K)S-phases) at the Black Forest Observatory (BFO, SW Germany) indicate small-scale lateral and (partly) vertical variations of the elastic anisotropy in the upper mantle. However, most of the existing seismic anisotropy studies and models in the Upper Rhine Graben (URG) area are based on short-term recordings and thus suffer from a limited backazimuthal coverage and averaging over a wide or the whole backazimuth range. Hence, to find and delimit basic anisotropy regimes, also with respect to the connection to geological and tectonic processes, we carried out further SK(K)S splitting measurements at permanent (BFO, WLS, STU, ECH) and semi-permanent (TMO44, TMO07) broadband seismological recording stations.</p><p>To achieve a sufficient backazimuthal coverage and to be able to resolve and account appropriately for complex anisotropy, we analysed long-term recordings (partly > 20 yrs.). This was done manually using the MATLAB-program SplitLab (single-event analysis) together with the plugin StackSplit (multi-event analysis). The two splitting parameters, the fast polarization direction <em>Φ</em> given relative to north and the delay time <em>δt</em> accumulated between the two quasi shear waves, were determined by applying both the rotation-correlation method and the minimum-energy method for comparison. Structural anisotropy models with one layer with horizontal or tilted symmetry axis and with two layers with horizontal symmetry axes (assuming transvers isotropy with the fast axis being parallel to the symmetry axis) were tested to explain the shear-wave splitting observations, including lateral variations around a recording site.</p><p>The determined anisotropy is placed in the upper mantle due to the duration of the delay times (> 0.3 s) and missing discrepancies between SKS- and SKKS-phases (so not hints for significant lowermost mantle contributions). The spatial distribution and the lateral and backazimuthal variations of the measured (apparent) splitting parameters confirm that the anisotropy in the mantle beneath the URG area varies on small-scale laterally and partly vertically: On the east side of the URG, from the Moldanubian Zone (BFO, STU, ECH) to the Saxothuringian Zone (TMO44, TMO07) a tendency from two layers with horizontal symmetry axes to one layer is suggested. In the Moldanubian Zone, between the east side (STU, BFO) and the west side (ECH) of the URG, a change of the fast polarisation directions of the anisotropy models with two layers with horizontal symmetry axes is observed. Inconsistent measured apparent splitting parameters and the observation of numerous null measurements, especially below the URG may be at least partly related to scattering of the seismic wavefield or a modification of the mantle material.</p>

Minimal Froggatt-Nielsen textures

The flavour problem of the Standard Model can be addressed through the Froggatt-Nielsen (FN) mechanism. In this work, we develop an approach to the study of FN textures building a direct link between FN-charge assignments and the measured masses and mixing angles via unitary transformations in flavour space. We specifically focus on the quark sector to identify the most economic FN models able to provide a dynamical and natural understanding of the flavour puzzle. Remarkably, we find viable FN textures, involving charges under the horizontal symmetry that do not exceed one in absolute value (in units of the flavon charge). Within our approach, we also explore the degree of tuning of FN models in solving the flavour problem via a measure analogous to the Barbieri-Giudice one. We find that most of the solutions do not involve peculiar cancellations in flavour space.

Adjoint SU(5) GUT model with modular S4 symmetry

We study the textures of SM fermion mass matrices and their mixings in a supersymmetric adjoint SU(5) Grand Unified Theory with modular S4 being the horizontal symmetry. The Yukawa entries of both quarks and leptons are expressed by modular forms with lower weights. Neutrino sector has an adjoint SU(5) representation 24 as matter superfield, which is a triplet of S4. The effective light neutrino masses is generated through Type-III and Type-I seesaw mechanism. The only common complex parameter in both charged fermion and neutrino sectors is modulus τ . Down-type quarks and charged leptons have the same joint effective operators with adjoint scalar in them, and their mass discrepancy in the same generation depends on Clebsch-Gordan factor. Especially for the first two generations the respective Clebsch-Gordan factors made the double Yukawa ratio 𝒴d𝒴μ/𝒴e𝒴s = 12, in excellent agreement with the experimental result. We reproduce proper CKM mixing parameters and all nine Yukawa eigenvalues of quarks and charged leptons. Neutrino masses and MNS parameters are also produced properly with normal ordering is preferred.

Perfect social media image posts: symmetry and contrast influence consumer response

Purpose Two studies investigate how different structural properties of images – symmetry (vertical and horizontal) and image contrast – affect social media marketing outcomes of consumer liking and engagement. Design/methodology/approach In Study 1’s experiment, 361 participants responded to social media marketing images that varied in vertical or horizontal symmetry and level of image contrast. Study 2 analyzes field data on 610 Instagram posts. Findings Study 1 demonstrates that vertical or horizontal symmetry and high image contrast increase consumer liking of social media marketing images, and that processing fluency and aesthetic response mediate these relationships. Study 2 reveals that symmetry and high image contrast improve consumer engagement on social media (number of “likes” and comments). Research limitations/implications These studies extend theory regarding processing fluency’s and aesthetic response’s roles in consumer outcomes within social media marketing. Image posts’ structural properties affect processing fluency and aesthetic response without altering brand information or advertising content. Practical implications Because consumer liking of marketing communications (e.g. social media posts) predicts persuasion and sales, results should help marketers design more effective posts and achieve brand-building and behavioral objectives. Based on the results, marketers are urged to consider the processing fluency and aesthetic response associated with any image developed for social media marketing. Originality/value Addressing the lack of empirical investigations in the existing literature, the reported studies demonstrate that effects of symmetry and image contrast in generating liking are driven by processing fluency and aesthetic response. Additionally, these studies establish novel effects of images’ structural properties on consumer engagement with brand-based social media marketing communications.

Composite Dark Matter and a horizontal symmetry

We present a model of composite Dark Matter (DM), in which a new QCD-like confining “hypercolor” sector generates naturally stable hyperbaryons as DM candidates and at the same time provides mass to new weakly coupled gauge bosons H that serve as DM mediators, coupling the hyperbaryons to the Standard Model (SM) fermions. By an appropriate choice of the H gauge symmetry as a horizontal SU(2)h SM flavor symmetry, we show how the H gauge bosons can be identified with the horizontal gauge bosons recently put forward as an explanation for discrepancies in rare B-meson decays. We find that the mass scale of the H gauge bosons suggested by the DM phenomenology intriguingly agrees with the one needed to explain the rare B-decay discrepancies.

On parameterization in monoclinic media with a horizontal symmetry plane

I have derived accurate anisotropy parameters for a monoclinic anisotropy model with a horizontal symmetry plane based on normal moveout (NMO) ellipses for P-, S1-, S2-, and converted waves. The NMO velocity ellipse is also defined for all types of converted waves. The parameters are defined in the phase domain and compared with existing approximate monoclinic anisotropy parameters. These parameters are evaluated for two benchmark models consisting of two nonorthogonal fracture sets embedded into a transversely isotropic medium with a vertical symmetry axis. The dependence of monoclinic parameters on the azimuth angle between the fracture sets is analyzed. Being linearized with respect to fracture weaknesses, the monoclinic anisotropy parameters can be decomposed into sine functions of double and quartic azimuth angle between the fracture sets with the weights given by the stiffness coefficients of the background model. The discrimination between the fracture parameters computed from a given set of monoclinic parameters is dependent on the background model and controlled by the azimuth angle between the fracture sets.

The Upper Bound Theorem in Forging Processes: Model of Triangular Rigid Zones on Parts with Horizontal Symmetry

This paper presents the analytical method capacity of the upper bound theorem, under modular approach, to extend its application possibilities. Traditionally, this method has been applied in forging processes, considering plane strain condition and parts with double symmetry configuration. However, in this study, the double symmetry is eliminated by means of a fluency plane whose position comes from the center of mass calculated. The study of the load required to ensure the plastic deformation will be focus on the profile of the part, independently on both sides of the fluence plane, modifying the number and the shape of the modules that form the two halves in which the part is defined. This way, it is possible to calculate the necessary load to cause the plastic deformation, whatever its geometric profile.