Study of the micro/nano-texture design to improve the friction properties of DLC thin films

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140027
Author(s):  
Young Woo Kwon ◽  
Mun Ki Bae ◽  
Ri-Ichi Murakami ◽  
Tae Hwan Jang ◽  
Tae Gyu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Frictional Wear ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Surface Contact Area ◽  
Photolithography Process ◽  
Texture Design ◽  
Pattern Width

In this study, a DLC pattern was fabricated through a photolithography process that constitutes a part of the semiconductor process, to investigate the frictional wear characteristics. The photolithography was used to produce negative patterns with a pattern width of 10 [Formula: see text]m or 20 [Formula: see text]m and a pattern depth of 500 nm on the DLC surface. The change in the coefficient of friction of the surface was investigated through a ball-on-disk tribology test on the fabricated micro/nano-sized DLC pattern. The DLC pattern fabricated by the photolithography process showed a superior coefficient of friction to that of the general DLC sample. These results show that the decrease in the surface friction coefficient of the patterned DLC thin film is due to the reduction in the surface contact area owing to the modification of the micro/nano-texture of the surface as well as the low friction characteristics of the DLC.

Friction and wear studies of silicon in sliding contact with thin-film magnetic rigid disks

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1611-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharat Bhushan ◽  
Sreekanth Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Single Crystal Silicon ◽  
Crystal Silicon ◽  
Carbon Transfer ◽  
Zn Ferrite ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

Silicon is an attractive material for the construction of read/write head sliders in magnetic recording applications from the viewpoints of ease of miniaturization and low fabrication cost. In the present investigation we have studied the friction and wear behavior of single-crystal, polycrystalline, ion-implanted, thermally oxidized (wet and dry), and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) oxide-coated silicon pins while sliding against lubricated and unlubricated thin-film disks. For comparison, tests have also been conducted with Al2O3–TiC and Mn–Zn ferrite pins which are currently used as slider materials. With single-crystal silicon the rise in the coefficient of friction with sliding cycles is faster compared to Al2O3–TiC and Mn–Zn ferrite pins. In each case, the rise in friction is associated with the burnishing of the disk surface and transfer of amorphous carbon and lubricant (in the case of lubricated disks) from the disk to the pin. Thermally oxidized (under dry oxygen conditions) single-crystal silicon and PECVD oxide-coated single-crystal silicon exhibit excellent tribological characteristics while sliding against lubricated disks, and we believe this is attributable to the chemical passivity of the oxide coating. In dry nitrogen, the coefficient of friction for single-crystal silicon sliding against lubricated disks behaves differently than in air, decreasing from an initial value of 0.2 to less than 0.05 within 5000 cycles of sliding. We believe that silicon/thin-film disk interface friction and wear is governed by the uniformity and tenacity of the amorphous carbon transfer film and oxygen-enhanced fracture of silicon.

Influence of Surface Texture on Micro EHL in Boundary Regime Sliding

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Erck ◽  
Oyelayo O. Ajayi ◽  
Cinta Lorenzo-Martin ◽  
George R. Fenske
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Asperity Contact ◽  
Disc Surface ◽  
Lubrication Regime ◽  
Uncoated Steel ◽  
Constant Friction ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous

A hard steel ball was slid against textured coated and uncoated steel disks that had strongly directionally ground surfaces. The friction coefficient during ball-on-disk rotating low-speed lubricated sliding was continuously measured. The coefficient of friction rose from ≈ 0.12, which is typical for boundary lubrication regime, to as high as 0.45 whenever the ball was sliding parallel to the grinding ridges on the disc surface. The persistence of this “spike” in the friction was observed to be correlated with the hardness of the disc surface and the nature of the coating. We propose that the frictional spike is due to loss of micro-elastohydrodynamic lubrication, combined with side leakage, leading to intimate asperity-asperity contact. As a result, the coefficient of friction is close to that which is obtained there is no or minimal lubrication. This conclusion is supported by enhanced and persistent frictional spikes in tests conducted with discs coated with a very hard nitride thin film, and constant friction for a disk coated with hydrogenated amorphous carbon, which has low coefficient of friction when there is no/minimal lubrication.

Multiscale Modeling of Frictional Behavior of Highly-Ordered Carbon Nanotube/Ceramic Nanocomposites

2006 ◽  
Vol 978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhai Xia ◽  
William A Curtin ◽  
Pradeep Guduru
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Md Simulation ◽  
Interaction Force ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Frictional Behavior ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Cnt Arrays ◽  
Ceramic Nanocomposites

AbstractMicromechanics model incorporating with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is developed to simulate the frictional behavior of carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays in ceramic nanocomposites. MD model is used to compute the interaction force and simulate failure mechanisms of individual nanotube at atomic length scale. The force and deformation calculated from MD simulation are passed to the continuum model to simulate the interaction between nanotube arrays and AFM tips. The coefficient of friction is determined at different load levels. The simulation shows that the low friction in the thick-wall CNT systems occurs because the stiffer CNTs are more resistant to collapse under the applied loads. The predictions for the coefficient of friction are consistent with nanoscale tests.

Study of Friction and Wear Behavior of C/C Composite under Electrical Sliding

2015 ◽  
Vol 642 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Shang Guan Bao ◽  
Yi Fan Wang ◽  
Zhen Hai Yang ◽  
Yong Zhen Zhang ◽  
Yue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Friction Couple ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Arc Erosion ◽  
Frictional Wear ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

Using C/C composite and chrome bronze as a friction couple, the frictional wear properties of C/C composite with electric current is studied in this paper. The results have shown that current, velocity and load are important factors to affect the frictional wear properties of C/C composite with electric current. Wear rate of C/C composite increases with the increase of arc energy .The coefficient of friction and the wear rate increase with the increase of velocity when the electric current is constant of 100A. The coefficient of friction increases but the wear rate decreases with the increase of load when the electric current is constant at 100A. The coefficient of friction decreases but the wear rate increases with the increase of current when the load is constant of 80N. Comparing with no electric current, the coefficient of friction of C/C composite with electric current decreases but the wear rate of that increases obviously. The wear mechanism of C/C composite is mainly of electric wear caused by arc erosion under the condition of current-carrying.

Friction of a Steel Ball on a Single Crystal of Ice

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (81) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katutosi Tusima
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Steel Ball ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Prismatic Plane ◽  
Ice Friction ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Pressure Melting ◽  
Definite Temperature

Abstract This paper presents the results of a study carried out to explain the low friction on ice. Friction of a steel ball on a single crystal of ice was measured as a function of load, velocity, temperature, and diameter of slider. It was found that even when the velocity was very small (1.5 - 10-7 to 1.8-10–3 m/s) the coefficient of friction was very small ranging from 0.005 to 0.2, although friction on the prismatic plane was twice as large as that on the basal plane. The coefficient of friction increased with load, which means that Amonton’s classical law of friction is not applicable to ice. The coefficient of friction increased with decreasing velocity, which may result from the creep of ice in the contact area. The friction strongly increased as the temperature became close to °C. A minimum friction was observed for a definite temperature. It was found that the explanation of the results obtained is given satisfactorily neither by the classic pressure-melting theory nor by the friction-melting theory, but only by adhesion theory.

scholarly journals Friction of a Steel Ball on a Single Crystal of Ice

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (81) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katutosi Tusima
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Steel Ball ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Prismatic Plane ◽  
Ice Friction ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Pressure Melting ◽  
Definite Temperature

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a study carried out to explain the low friction on ice. Friction of a steel ball on a single crystal of ice was measured as a function of load, velocity, temperature, and diameter of slider. It was found that even when the velocity was very small (1.5 - 10-7 to 1.8-10–3 m/s) the coefficient of friction was very small ranging from 0.005 to 0.2, although friction on the prismatic plane was twice as large as that on the basal plane. The coefficient of friction increased with load, which means that Amonton’s classical law of friction is not applicable to ice. The coefficient of friction increased with decreasing velocity, which may result from the creep of ice in the contact area. The friction strongly increased as the temperature became close to °C. A minimum friction was observed for a definite temperature. It was found that the explanation of the results obtained is given satisfactorily neither by the classic pressure-melting theory nor by the friction-melting theory, but only by adhesion theory.

Friction, not texture, dictates grip forces used during object manipulation

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 1963-1969 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cadoret ◽  
A. M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Surface Films ◽  
Textured Surfaces ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Force Profiles ◽  
Inverse Coefficient

1. Three men and seven women, 25-40 yr of age, were asked to use the thumb and index fingers to grasp, lift, and hold the armature of a linear motor generating a 2.0-N opposing force (simulating an object weighing approximately 200 g) for 2 s. The surface in contact with the fingers was composed of smooth or polyamide plastic etched with 1.0-mm high Braille beads separated at 2.0- or 3.0-mm intervals measured from apex to apex. The surfaces were left either untreated or coated with talc, water, or sucrose films designed to change the coefficient of friction with the skin. Talc reduced the coefficient of friction, whereas water and sucrose both increased the friction against the skin. In all, 12 surface conditions were used to evaluate the effects of texture and friction on the grip force during lifting and holding. 2. For all subjects the inverse coefficient of friction was associated with proportionately scaled increases in grip force, regardless of surface texture. The peak lifting force as well as the static force used to hold the object stationary were significantly correlated with the inverse of the coefficient of friction. When coatings were applied to dissimilar surface textures to produce similar coefficients of friction, the grip force profiles were nearly identical. When strong adhesives increased the friction of the smooth surface compared with textured surfaces, grip forces decreased as friction increased. That is, although the untreated smooth surface had less friction than either of the two textured surfaces, the addition of sucrose increased the smooth surface friction to a higher level than either of the similarly treated textured surfaces. As a result, the effect of surface friction could be dissociated from the effect of either surface texture or coating. Friction appears to be a more important factor in determining the grip force than either texture or surface films at least for the range of textures and coatings examined in this study.

scholarly journals Achieving Ultra-Low Friction with Diamond/Metal Systems in Extreme Environments

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3791
Author(s):  
Pantcho Stoyanov ◽  
Rolf Merz ◽  
Markus Stricker ◽  
Michael Kopnarski ◽  
Martin Dienwiebel
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Wear Track ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
On Line ◽  
Low Wear

In the search for achieving ultra-low friction for applications in extreme environments, we evaluate the interfacial processes of diamond/tungsten sliding contacts using an on-line macro-tribometer and a micro-tribometer in an ultra-high vacuum. The coefficient of friction for the tests with the on-line tribometer remained considerably low for unlubricated sliding of tungsten, which correlated well with the relatively low wear rates and low roughness on the wear track throughout the sliding. Ex situ analysis was performed by means of XPS and SEM-FIB in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms of low friction and low-wear sliding. The analysis did not reveal any evidence of tribofilm or transferfilm formation on the counterface, indicating the absence of significant bonding between the diamond and tungsten surfaces, which correlated well with the low-friction values. The minimal adhesive interaction and material transfer can possibly be explained by the low initial roughness values as well as high cohesive bonding energies of the two materials. The appearance of the wear track as well as the relatively higher roughness perpendicular to the sliding indicated that abrasion was the main wear mechanism. In order to elucidate the low friction of this tribocouple, we performed micro-tribological experiments in ultra-high vacuum conditions. The results show that the friction coefficient was reduced significantly in UHV. In addition, subsequently to baking the chamber, the coefficient of friction approached ultra-low values. Based on the results obtained in this study, the diamond/tungsten tribocouple seems promising for tribological interfaces in spacecraft systems, which can improve the durability of the components.

A Methodology for the Simulation of Surface-Contact Grinding Tool Topography

2009 ◽  
Vol 416 ◽  
pp. 519-523
Author(s):  
Guo Zhi Zhang ◽  
Xian Hua Zhang ◽  
Li Li Liu ◽  
Zeng Ju Wei
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Surface Friction ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Friction Mechanism ◽  
Manufacturing Quality ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction

Study on the effect of the surface manufacturing quality (roughness) to the friction between the surfaces. Based on the plastic theory of mechanism-based strain gradient (MSG) of the micro-plastic-mechanics and the contact theory, the theoretical model of the coefficient of friction between the rough surfaces and the non-linear finite element model between the grinding samples were established. Moreover, the surface stress distribution and the coefficient of friction were obtained through the sub-structure finite element method. The established model of static friction theoretical model and the accuracy of the finite element model were verified through comparing with the result of the static friction experiments between the grinding samples with different surface manufacturing quality. The study in the paper is important to the study on the surface friction mechanism.

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