A SIMULATION NETWORK MODEL TO EVALUATE RFID MIDDLEWARES

High-performance radio-frequency identification (RFID) is a challenging issue for large-scale enterprises. As a key component of an RFID system, RFID middleware is an important factor to measure the performance of the system. To evaluate the feasibility of an RFID middleware, the performance of the RFID middleware should be carefully evaluated in various RFID-enabled business environments. However, the construction of an RFID testbed requires a lot of time, money, and human resources because it involves numerous tagged items and a large number of deployed readers. We must provide a meaningful input tag stream representing various business activities, rather than random data. This paper presents a novel simulation model for the virtual construction of RFID testbeds. To ensure the semantic validity of the input tag stream, the proposed RFID simulation network (RSN) extends Petri nets by including sets of functions that represent unique characteristics of RFID environments such as the uncertainty of communications and tag movement patterns. By configuring appropriate functions, the RSN automatically generates an input tag stream that matches the distribution of real data. We demonstrate that the RSN model correctly reflects data from real-world environments by comparing input tag streams from real RFID equipment and from the RSN model.

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Constructing Large-Scale Genetic Maps Using an Evolutionary Strategy Algorithm

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/165.4.2269 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 165 (4) ◽

pp. 2269-2282

Author(s):

D Mester ◽

Y Ronin ◽

D Minkov ◽

E Nevo ◽

A Korol

Keyword(s):

Discrete Optimization ◽

High Performance ◽

Large Scale ◽

Simulated Data ◽

Real Data ◽

Genetic Maps ◽

Chromosome 1 ◽

Evolutionary Strategy ◽

Group A ◽

The One

Abstract This article is devoted to the problem of ordering in linkage groups with many dozens or even hundreds of markers. The ordering problem belongs to the field of discrete optimization on a set of all possible orders, amounting to n!/2 for n loci; hence it is considered an NP-hard problem. Several authors attempted to employ the methods developed in the well-known traveling salesman problem (TSP) for multilocus ordering, using the assumption that for a set of linked loci the true order will be the one that minimizes the total length of the linkage group. A novel, fast, and reliable algorithm developed for the TSP and based on evolution-strategy discrete optimization was applied in this study for multilocus ordering on the basis of pairwise recombination frequencies. The quality of derived maps under various complications (dominant vs. codominant markers, marker misclassification, negative and positive interference, and missing data) was analyzed using simulated data with ∼50-400 markers. High performance of the employed algorithm allows systematic treatment of the problem of verification of the obtained multilocus orders on the basis of computing-intensive bootstrap and/or jackknife approaches for detecting and removing questionable marker scores, thereby stabilizing the resulting maps. Parallel calculation technology can easily be adopted for further acceleration of the proposed algorithm. Real data analysis (on maize chromosome 1 with 230 markers) is provided to illustrate the proposed methodology.

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A review of passive self-sensing tag

Sensor Review ◽

10.1108/sr-01-2017-0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 338-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yawei Xu ◽

Lihong Dong ◽

Haidou Wang ◽

Jiannong Jing ◽

Yongxiang Lu

Keyword(s):

Radio Frequency Identification ◽

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Integrated Sensor ◽

Content Type ◽

Passive Sensing ◽

Static Information ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Frequency Identification ◽

Identification Tags

Purpose Radio frequency identification tags for passive sensing have attracted wide attention in the area of Internet of Things (IoT). Among them, some tags can sense the property change of objects without an integrated sensor, which is a new trend of passive sensing based on tag. The purpose of this paper is to review recent research on passive self-sensing tags (PSSTs). Design/methodology/approach The PSSTs reported in the past decade are classified in terms of sensing mode, composition and the ways of power supply. This paper presents operation principles of PSSTs and analyzes the characteristics of them. Moreover, the paper focuses on summarizing the latest sensing parameters of PSSTs and their matching equipment. Finally, some potential applications and challenges faced by this emerging technique are discussed. Findings PSST is suitable for long-term and large-scale monitoring compared to conventional sensors because it gets rid of the limitation of battery and has relatively low cost. Also, the static information of objects stored in different PSSTs can be identified by a single reader without touch. Originality/value This paper provides a detailed and timely review of the rapidly growing research in PSST.

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Survey on Prominent RFID Authentication Protocols for Passive Tags

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s18103584 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 3584 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Rania Baashirah ◽

Abdelshakour Abuzneid

Keyword(s):

Radio Frequency Identification ◽

Large Scale ◽

Security Requirements ◽

The Internet ◽

Authentication Protocols ◽

Reliable System ◽

Passive Tags ◽

Frequency Identification ◽

Rfid Authentication Protocols ◽

The Internet Of Things

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the leading technologies in the Internet of Things (IoT) to create an efficient and reliable system to securely identify objects in many environments such as business, health, and manufacturing areas. Recent RFID authentication protocols have been proposed to satisfy the security features of RFID communication. In this article, we identify and review some of the most recent and enhanced authentication protocols that mainly focus on the authentication between a reader and a tag. However, the scope of this survey includes only passive tags protocols, due to the large scale of the RFID framework. We examined some of the recent RFID protocols in term of security requirements, computation, and attack resistance. We conclude that only five protocols resist all of the major attacks, while only one protocol satisfies all of the security requirements of the RFID system.

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Realized Applications of Positioning Technologies in Defense Intelligence

Information Security and Ethics ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-937-3.ch134 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 1975-1993

Author(s):

Katina Michael ◽

Amelia Masters

Keyword(s):

Homeland Security ◽

Radio Frequency Identification ◽

Large Scale ◽

Mobile Telephone ◽

Small Scale ◽

Data Networks ◽

Public And Private ◽

Key Factor ◽

Frequency Identification ◽

Defense Intelligence

Spurred by the recent escalation of terrorist attacks and their increasingly devastating outcomes, defense intelligence in the context of homeland security has been drawn into the spotlight. The challenge, at both national and global levels, of managing information in order to offensively resist attack or defensively keep citizens safe from further harm has never been greater. In meeting this challenge, the tools and strategies used by relevant defensive powers are a key factor in the success or failure of all activities, ranging from small-scale, homeland security administration through to large-scale, all-inclusive war. In all areas within this wide scope, the adoption of positioning technologies has played an important role. Of special significance are the global positioning system (GPS), second-generation (2G) and beyond mobile telephone networks (includingwireless data networks), radio-frequency identification (RFID) and geographic information systems (GIS). Since most positioning technology has been developed or released for use within the commercial sector, however, concerns beyond technological feasibility are raised when applications are harnessed solely for defense. The integration between commercial and military sectors and public and private needs must be considered and, primarily, this involves ensuring that the enforcement of homeland security does not compromise citizen rights.

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Reliability evaluation of wearable radio frequency identification tags: Design and fabrication of a two-part textile antenna

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517517750651 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (4) ◽

pp. 560-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Xiaochen Chen ◽

Leena Ukkonen ◽

Johanna Virkki

Keyword(s):

Radio Frequency ◽

Radio Frequency Identification ◽

Integrated Circuit ◽

High Performance ◽

Cyclic Strain ◽

Moist Environment ◽

Frequency Identification ◽

Identification Tags ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

The One

Passive radio frequency identification-based technology is a convincing approach to the achievement of versatile energy- and cost-efficient wireless platforms for future wearable applications. By using two-part antenna structures, the antenna-electronics interconnections can remain non-stressed, which can significantly improve the reliability of the textile-embedded wireless components. In this article, we describe fabrication of two-part stretchable and non-stretchable passive ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification textile tags using electro-textile and embroidered antennas, and test their reliability when immersed as well as under cyclic strain. The results are compared to tags with traditional one-part dipole antennas fabricated from electro-textiles and by embroidery. Based on the results achieved, the initial read ranges of the two-part antenna tags, around 5 m, were only slightly shorter than those of the one-part antenna tags. In addition, the tag with two-part antennas can maintain high performance in a moist environment and during continuous stretching, unlike the one-part antenna tag where the antenna-integrated circuit attachment is under stress.

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Secure Outsourcing Algorithms for Composite Modular Exponentiation Based on Single Untrusted Cloud

The Computer Journal ◽

10.1093/comjnl/bxz165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (8) ◽

pp. 1271-1271

Author(s):

Qianqian Su ◽

Rui Zhang ◽

Rui Xue

Keyword(s):

Radio Frequency Identification ◽

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Prime Numbers ◽

Modular Exponentiation ◽

Public Key Cryptosystems ◽

Rsa Algorithm ◽

Secure Outsourcing ◽

Frequency Identification ◽

Identity Based

Abstract Modular exponentiation, as a fundamental operation used in many public-key cryptosystems, has always be considered to be very time-consuming. It is difficult for some devices with limited computation capability, such as mobile devices and low-cost radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, to perform large-scale modular exponentiations. In cryptosystems, one typical case of modular exponentiation is that the modulus is a composite number. For instance, in RSA algorithm, the modulus is the product of two distinct prime numbers. In this paper, we investigate how to securely and efficiently outsource composite modular exponentiations and put forward two secure outsourcing algorithms for composite modular exponentiations based on single untrusted cloud. The first algorithm, named MCExp, is designed for outsourcing single composite modular exponentiation, i.e. $u^a$ mod $N$. The second algorithm, named SMCExp, is designed for outsourcing simultaneous composite modular exponentiation, i.e. $\prod ^{n}_{i=1}u^{a_i}_{i}$ mod $N$. Different from algorithms based on two untrusted servers, the proposed algorithms are very practical because they avoid the strong assumption that there must exist two servers without collusion. The proposed algorithms not only protect the privacy of the exponent and the base simultaneously, but also enable users to verify the correctness of the result returned by the cloud with high probability. Compared with using the square-and-multiply algorithm, the user can achieve higher efficiency by using the proposed algorithms. Besides, we prove the security of our algorithms and conduct several experiments to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithms. Finally, we show that the proposed algorithms can be used to construct the secure outsourcing algorithms for Shamir’s identity-based signature and identity-based multi-signature.

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Printable Stretchable Silver Ink and Application to Printed RFID Tags for Wearable Electronics

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12183036 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 3036 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tao Zhong ◽

Ning Jin ◽

Wei Yuan ◽

Chunshan Zhou ◽

Weibing Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radio Frequency Identification ◽

High Performance ◽

Rfid Tags ◽

Wearable Electronics ◽

Rfid Tag ◽

Silver Ink ◽

Bulk Silver ◽

Endurance Tests ◽

Frequency Identification ◽

Small Cracks

A printable elastic silver ink has been developed, which was made of silver flakes, dispersant, and a fluorine rubber and could be sintered at a low temperature. The printed elastic conductors showed low resistivity at 21 μΩ·cm, which is about 13.2 times of bulk silver (1.59 μΩ·cm). Their mechanical properties were investigated by bending, stretching, and cyclic endurance tests. It was found that upon stretching the resistance of printed conductors increased due to deformation and small cracks appeared in the conductor, but was almost reversible when the strain was removed, and the recovery of conductivity was found to be time dependent. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags were fabricated by screen printing the stretchable silver ink on a stretchable fabric (lycra). High performance of tag was maintained even with 1000 cycles of stretching. As a practical example of wearable electronics, an RFID tag was printed directly onto a T-shirt, which demonstrated its normal working order in a wearing state.

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Time-Efficient Cloning Attacks Identification in Large-Scale RFID Systems

Security and Communication Networks ◽

10.1155/2017/8356983 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ju-min Zhao ◽

Ding Feng ◽

Deng-ao Li ◽

Wei Gong ◽

Hao-xiang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radio Frequency ◽

Radio Frequency Identification ◽

Large Scale ◽

Emerging Technology ◽

Current Form ◽

Rfid Systems ◽

Frequency Identification ◽

Rfid Applications

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an emerging technology for electronic labeling of objects for the purpose of automatically identifying, categorizing, locating, and tracking the objects. But in their current form RFID systems are susceptible to cloning attacks that seriously threaten RFID applications but are hard to prevent. Existing protocols aimed at detecting whether there are cloning attacks in single-reader RFID systems. In this paper, we investigate the cloning attacks identification in the multireader scenario and first propose a time-efficient protocol, called the time-efficient Cloning Attacks Identification Protocol (CAIP) to identify all cloned tags in multireaders RFID systems. We evaluate the performance of CAIP through extensive simulations. The results show that CAIP can identify all the cloned tags in large-scale RFID systems fairly fast with required accuracy.

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