The Most Likely Object to be Seen Through a Window

We study data structures to answer window queries using stochastic input sequences. The first problem is the most likely maximal point in a query window: Let [Formula: see text] be constants, with [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a set of [Formula: see text] points in [Formula: see text], for some fixed [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], each point in [Formula: see text] is associated with a probability [Formula: see text] of existence. A point [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] is on the maximal layer of [Formula: see text] if there is no other point [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. Consider a random subset of [Formula: see text] obtained by including, for [Formula: see text], each point of [Formula: see text] independently with probability [Formula: see text]. For a query interval [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text], we report the point in [Formula: see text] that has the highest probability to be on the maximal layer of [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] time using [Formula: see text] space. We solve a special problem as follows. A sequence [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] points in [Formula: see text] is given ([Formula: see text]), where each point [Formula: see text] has a probability [Formula: see text] of existence associated with it. Given a query interval [Formula: see text] and an integer [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], we report the probability of [Formula: see text] to be on the maximal layer of [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] time using [Formula: see text] space. The second problem we consider is the most likely common element problem. Let [Formula: see text] be the universe. Let [Formula: see text] be a sequence of random subsets of [Formula: see text] such that for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], element [Formula: see text] is added to [Formula: see text] with probability [Formula: see text] (independently of other choices). Let [Formula: see text] be a fixed real number with [Formula: see text]. For query indices [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], we decide whether there exists an element [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] time using [Formula: see text] space and report these elements in [Formula: see text] time, where [Formula: see text] is the size of the output.

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Changes in the Prognosis of Functional Psychoses Since the Days of Kraepelin

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.113.501.813 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 113 (501) ◽

pp. 813-822 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Örnulv Ödegård

Keyword(s):

Special Problem ◽

Point Of View ◽

General Point ◽

Course Of Illness ◽

Dynamic Reasoning ◽

Starting Point ◽

Functional Psychoses ◽

External Conditions ◽

Point Of Departure ◽

The Universe

My choice of Kraepelin as a point of departure for this lecture has definite reasons. If one wants to stay within the field of clinical psychiatry (as opposed to psychiatric history), that is as far back as one can reasonably go. By this no slight is intended upon the pre-Kraepelinian psychiatrists. For our topic Henry Maudsley would indeed have been a most appropriate starting point, and by no means for reasons of courtesy. His general point of view is admirably sound as a basis for the scientific study of prognosis in psychiatry. I quote: “There is no accident in madness. Causality, not casualty, governs its appearance in the universe, and it is very far from being a good and sufficient practice simply to mark its phenomena and straightway to pass on as if they belonged not to an order but to a disorder of events that called for no explanation.” On the special problem of prognosis he shows his clinical acumen by stating that the outlook is poor when the course of illness is insidious, but this only means that these cases develop their psychoses on the basis of mental deviations which go very far back in the patient's life, so that in fact they are generally in a chronic stage at the time of their first admission to hospital. Here he actually corrects a mistake which is still quite often made. He shows his dynamic attitude when he says that prognosis is to a large extent modified by external conditions, in particular by the attitude of friends and relatives. Maudsley's dynamic reasoning was limited by the narrow framework of the degeneration hypothesis of those days. He had a sceptical attitude towards classification, which he regarded as artificial and dangerously pseudo-exact. His own classification was deliberately provisional, with very wide groups. He held that a description of various sub-forms of chronic insanity was useless, as it would mean nothing but a tiresome enumeration of unconnected details.

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Hakikat Tuhan: Kajian Pemikiran Islam dalam Falsafah Jawa

SHAHIH Journal of Islamicate Multidisciplinary ◽

10.22515/shahih.v2i1.684 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Syarifah Wardah El Firdausy

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Methods ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Study Data ◽

Literature Study ◽

Absolute Power ◽

Concept Of God ◽

Islamic Thought ◽

The Absolute ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Universe

Islamic thought in the Javanese philosophy of the concept of God begins with the existence of three continuities between (1) the background of Islamization in Indonesia, through cultural approaches, (2) philosophical phrases in the Javanese philosophy as a part of the characteristic Javanese literary works that are educational (didactic) and sublime (piwulang), and (3) the similarity between the concept of tri hita wacana means harmonious relationship of man with God (habluminallah) in Islamic teachings related to the concept of insan kamil. This study uses qualitative methods based on literature study data and descriptive analysis as a whole (integral). The results obtained from this study is the similarity of thinking between the philosophical expressions of Java in the Javanese philosophy with Islamic thought in the verses of the Qur'an as part of the teachings of Islam in understanding the three concepts of the nature of God that is (1) the concept of tan kena kinaya gapa means that God cannot be imagined circumstances and forms, but the absolute power, (2) the concept of Gusti Allah orah sare means God is not sleeping and always awake in every period; Understanding of the concept raises an attitude of being cautious in acting, acting, and fully aware of God's supervision, and (3) the concept of sangkan paran which has an understanding that the beginning of the creation of man and the universe comes from God (sangkan) and the end of creation Man and the universe will return to God (paran).

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Fill'er Up-with Hydrogen

Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2002-feb-2 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 124 (02) ◽

pp. 44-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Michael Valenti

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

New Technologies ◽

Energy Content ◽

Metal Hydrides ◽

Hydrogen Gas ◽

Common Element ◽

Hydrogen Fuel ◽

Scrap Tires ◽

Compressed Gas ◽

The Universe

This article highlights that researchers are developing new technologies to carry H2 in gas, liquid, or solid state. The advantages of hydrogen fuel for cars and trucks keep driving efforts to develop ways of handling it. Hydrogen has the highest energy content by weight of any fuel—52,000 Btu per pound. As the simplest and most common element in the universe, though never found naturally in pure form, hydrogen can be produced from a host of available sources, including water, natural gas, coal, biomass, municipal solid waste, or scrap tires. Compressed gas tanks store hydrogen as a gas, and their cryogenic counterparts store it as a liquid. A less familiar method of storing hydrogen is a solid in metal hydrides, alloys of rare earth, transition metal, and magnesium. These granulated materials absorb hydrogen. Researchers feed hydrogen directly into the tanks, where it is absorbed by the powdered alloy. As the hydrogen gas is absorbed during charging, the metal hydrides generate heat that is removed by water.

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Reason and the Problem of Suffering

Philosophy ◽

10.1017/s0031819100018441 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 10 (38) ◽

pp. 154-167

Author(s):

C. A. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Special Problem ◽

Prima Facie ◽

Philosophical Theology ◽

Absolute Idealism ◽

The World ◽

The Subject ◽

The Universe ◽

Ultimate Principle

The problem of suffering is essentially a problem in philosophical theology. For many philosophical systems the phenomena of suffering set no special problem at all. The most influential philosophies of the present age, for example, have almost nothing to say on the subject—and there is no reason why, on their metaphysical; principles, they should say anything. The problem is a relevant one only for those philosophies which claim to be in at least general accord with the “religious interpretation of the universe.” But for them it is crucial. Given a Weltanschauung like that of Absolute Idealism, for which the ultimate principle from which all things derive their being is an Infinite and Perfect Spirit, and it becomes at once a clear obligation to offer some explanation of how we are to reconcile the Goodness of God with the existence in the world of so much suffering which is prima facie just bad. As we all know, the problem is an extraordinarily hard one to solve. But, inasmuch as the religious interpretation of the universe demands its solution as a condition of its own possibility, its importance is proportionate to its difficulty.

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On the study data structures: Binary tournaments with repeated keys

Automata, Languages and Programming - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/bfb0036930 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 466-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. Lescanne ◽

J. M. Steyaert

Keyword(s):

Data Structures ◽

Study Data

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ENTRE OS CERCOS: A 'ILÍADA' E A FICÇÃO DE ISMAIL KADARÉ | BETWEEN THE SIEGES: THE 'ILIAD' AND THE FICTION OF ISMAIL KADARE

Estudos Linguísticos e Literários ◽

10.9771/2176-4794ell.v0i55.17142 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Leonardo Francisco Soares

Keyword(s):

Common Element ◽

The Universe

O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre as narrativas do escritor albanês Ismail Kadaré que dialogam com o universo dos poemas homéricos, em especial a epopeia Ilíada, e com os modos de composição desses poemas, com vistas a examinar o jogo intertextual estabelecido. Partimos de um trabalho com um corpus inicial composto por alguns romances selecionados da trajetória ficcional do autor. Em seguida, interessa-nos a questão da representação da guerra como elemento de conexão entre Ismail Kadaré e Homero, e, para tanto, aborda-se de modo mais detido o romance Os tambores da chuva (O castelo) (1970), que traz o tema da guerra e da própria questão da escrita da (sobre a) guerra.Abstract: This article reflects upon the narratives of the Albanian writer Ismail Kadare that engage with the universe of the Homeric poems, especially the Iliad, and with the modes of composition of these ancient poems in order to examine the intertextual play that goes on between Kadare and Homer. First, some selected novels are discussed that illustrate the fictional trajetory of Kadare. Secondly, the representation of war as a common element between Kadare and Homer is considered, with a particular focus on The Drums of Rain (The Siege) (1970), which develops the theme of war and the question of writing about it.

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A First-Order Logic with Frames

Programming Languages and Systems - Lecture Notes in Computer Science ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-44914-8_19 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 515-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adithya Murali ◽

Lucas Peña ◽

Christof Löding ◽

P. Madhusudan

Keyword(s):

Data Structures ◽

Order Logic ◽

Separation Logic ◽

First Order Logic ◽

Program Logic ◽

First Order ◽

Proof Rules ◽

Local Specifications ◽

Recursive Definitions ◽

The Universe

AbstractWe propose a novel logic, called Frame Logic (FL), that extends first-order logic (with recursive definitions) using a construct $$\textit{Sp}(\cdot )$$ Sp ( · ) that captures the implicit supports of formulas— the precise subset of the universe upon which their meaning depends. Using such supports, we formulate proof rules that facilitate frame reasoning elegantly when the underlying model undergoes change. We show that the logic is expressive by capturing several data-structures and also exhibit a translation from a precise fragment of separation logic to frame logic. Finally, we design a program logic based on frame logic for reasoning with programs that dynamically update heaps that facilitates local specifications and frame reasoning. This program logic consists of both localized proof rules as well as rules that derive the weakest tightest preconditions in FL.

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