RACING TOWARD THE 21ST CENTURY: SOME CHALLENGES FOR MANAGERS IN CHINA

1995 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 121-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOUGLAS ALLEN ◽  
SOMNATH BASU ◽  
CHIU-HUNG TSAI ◽  
MURRAY YOUNG
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Models ◽  
China Today

The transformation taking place in China's economy is simultaneously characterized by rapid growth (estimated at 13% in 1992 and 1993), movement toward a free market economic model, and the "opening" of China to active participation in and by the outside world. As these changes take place, managers in China are challenged to adopt new management practices. This paper briefly discusses three major challenges facing managers in China today: 1) enhancing customer orientation; 2) increasing effective utilization of human resources; and 3) development of financial information systems. The paper warns against the temptation to "clone" free market economic systems and management practices. Instead, Chinese managers and policy makers can selectively adopt "best practices" from around the world even as they retain selected Chinese management practices and economic policies which remain effective models from which the rest of the world may learn.

State Developmentalism Without a Developmental State: The Public Foundations of the “Free Market Miracle” in Chile

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Marcus Kurtz
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Developmental State ◽  
Insurance Markets ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
International Comparative

AbstractIf export orientation is a goal in a sustainable development strategy, this study argues that public interventions at the sectoral level in a variety of markets can produce economic reorientation that pursues international comparative advantage faster and at lower cost than free market forces can. Pervasive failures in information, credit, input, distribution, and insurance markets can render strictly market-based adjustment both slow and costly. Although Chile's export boom and high growth rates have been associated with its free market economic policies, this article, based on a comparison of the fruit, fish, and forestry sectors, contends that new forms of public intervention were crucial catalysts in shaping a sustained export response.

Good-Bye to the Washington Consensus?

2003 ◽  
Vol 102 (661) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Washington Consensus ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
Social Disintegration ◽  
Market Economic

Latin Americans might have expected, after following the free-market economic policies of the ‘Washington consensus’ for a dozen years, that the region would have begun to savor the fruits of openness. But with some exceptions—notably Chile, Costa Rica, and much of Mexico—the fruit has turned out to be bitter, as economic openness appears to have accelerated social disintegration.

Beyond the IFIs, beyond USAID in Chavista Venezuela

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-436
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
Development Agencies ◽  
The U.S

Many scholars assert that the U.S. state promotes free market economic policies abroad through the leverage it wields within international financial institutions (IFIs), such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Other scholars have focused on U.S. bilateral aid programs, such as those implemented by USAID, and their emphasis on free market economic policies. In many middle-income countries, though, IFIs and U.S. development agencies do not maintain economic development programs. If the U.S. state cannot promote free market policies through IFIs and its bilateral development agencies, how does it promote them at all in middle-income countries? In this paper, I provide a case study of U.S. foreign policy toward Venezuela, a middle-income country, under the government of President Hugo Chávez (1999–2013). I draw on interviews with U.S. state elites, including several former ambassadors and State Department employees, and U.S. state documents to show how the U.S. encourages free market economic reforms through its support for civil society organizations that embrace these reforms. In particular, I focus on the work of the Center for International Private Enterprise, which has explicitly linked political freedom with economic freedom. Through this organization, the U.S. works with free market think tanks and promotes free market initiatives, all in the form of political rather than economic assistance.

Manufacturing versus Corruption: Who Wins?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramy Harik ◽  
Joseph Elias Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Digital Manufacturing ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Manufacturing Networks ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practices ◽  
Greater Good

The objective of Manufacturing versus Corruption: Who Wins? is to use scientific methodologies and recommendations to motivate young people to participate in rendering the manufacturing ecosystem successful, by creating a socio-political stability amongst communities, counties, states, and nations in an unprecedented way. This book presents the reader with a practical approach and understanding of key scientific, industrial & managerial concepts that constitute a common policy narrative to be embraced, implemented, and executed across all governmental sectors. As a tool for policy makers, the authors demonstrate the need for a digital manufacturing economy grounded in complete transparency. With over 50 years of experience in engineering and manufacturing, Ramy Harik and Joseph Khoury are on a mission to bring together science, economics, technology, and policy making so all work in tandem for the greater good. Topics include digital manufacturing economies, manufacturing ring, importance of infrastructure and power for successful manufacturing, networks and internet, manufacturing policies, economic policies, education systems, water, importance of data in the manufacturing process, good manufacturing practices, and free-market manufacturing.

A World of Despair

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greta de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
Government Interference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Efficient Mechanisms

This chapter describes the impact of free market economic policies on rural development in the 1980s and 1990s. Seeking to end excessive government interference in the economy, President Ronald Reagan cut taxes, weakened civil rights enforcement, and reduced funding for social programs that served low-income Americans. Reagan believed that private enterprise and market forces were the most efficient mechanisms for creating wealth and distributing resources. Such policies failed to address the problems facing unemployed and poor people in the rural South. At the turn of the twentieth century, the region was still plagued by unemployment, poverty, inadequate health care, substandard housing, and out-migration.

The Transformation of the Nordic Models

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Otto Andersson ◽  
Lars Mjøsset
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Western World ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
Neoliberal Policies ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

With reference to an extensive comparative study of the Nordic economic political models, this article discusses some perspectives for the 1990s. Five economic political models developed as the Nordic area was integrated into the postwar world economy. They emerged as the Nordic countries — on the basis of their specific geo-economic and political-institutional conditions — emulated the Fordist growth model, which originated in the US. The downturn of the Western world economy was a crisis for the Fordist mass consumption/mass production model. We trace the consequences of this crisis for the Nordic models. Policy makers first tried to maintain the established routines of the 1960s, but failed, fumbled and finally turned to more austere, neo liberal economic policies. As a result, there seems to be a certain convergence between the five models, a specific Nordic version of neo-liberalism. Despite this, we doubt that continued neoliberal policies will prove able to cope with the challenges that the Nordic countries face as the world heads into the 1990s. Neoliberal policies aim to promote flexibility by reducing the impact of the state, by liberalizing labour markets and by relying on full integration within the world economy. Alternatively, we argue in our last section that policies should aim to promote flexible specialization by making the welfare state a comparative advantage in connection with industrial policies, by extending efforts at democratization of decisions concerning labour process organ ization and work environment, and by stimulating Nordic integration.

scholarly journals Thinking globally, acting locally: Women activists’ accounts

Temida ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Pam Alldred
Keyword(s):  
Women Activists ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The South ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
The Impact

This paper intends to describe the range of forms women?s resistance to globalisation takes, emphasising diverse strategies from everyday acts, the development of practical alternative resources, organising in women?s groups or trades unions, mass demonstrations and symbolic defiance. Recognising that it is the women of the South, in particular, who bear the brunt of the impact of neoliberal ?free market? economic policies, it hoped to be sensitive to the struggles for survival that might frame the urgency of resistance amongst women of the South, and make links with some of the strategies of activist women in the more privileged North.

scholarly journals Dismantling the ‘Iron Rice Bowl’: Welfare Reforms in the People's Republic of China

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe C. B. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
The World ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Welfare Reforms

ABSTRACTIn common with most countries in the world, China is facing an increasing demand for welfare. The free-market economic reforms of the last decade have dramatically transformed social policy in China, which is gradually retreating from an egalitarian and collective approach and moving towards a pluralistic and ‘residual’ orientation. Now, widening income inequalities are accepted as both necessary and inevitable.

The Legacy of Iraq

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Iraq War ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
The World ◽  
Free Market Capitalism ◽  
Market Capitalism

This book critically reflects on the failure of the 2003 intervention to turn Iraq into a liberal democracy, underpinned by free-market capitalism, its citizens free to live in peace and prosperity. The book argues that mistakes made by the coalition and the Iraqi political elite set a sequence of events in motion that have had devastating consequences for Iraq, the Middle East and for the rest of the world. Today, as the nation faces perhaps its greatest challenge in the wake of the devastating advance of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and another US-led coalition undertakes renewed military action in Iraq, understanding the complex and difficult legacies of the 2003 war could not be more urgent. Ignoring the legacies of the Iraq War and denying their connection to contemporary events could mean that vital lessons are ignored and the same mistakes made again.

The 1970s

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Borstelmann
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Free Market ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Retirement Plans ◽  
Free Agency ◽  
The World ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Oil Crisis ◽  
American Society

This book looks at an iconic decade when the cultural left and economic right came to the fore in American society and the world at large. While many have seen the 1970s as simply a period of failures epitomized by Watergate, inflation, the oil crisis, global unrest, and disillusionment with military efforts in Vietnam, this book creates a new framework for understanding the period and its legacy. It demonstrates how the 1970s increased social inclusiveness and, at the same time, encouraged commitments to the free market and wariness of government. As a result, American culture and much of the rest of the world became more—and less—equal. This book explores how the 1970s forged the contours of contemporary America. Military, political, and economic crises undercut citizens' confidence in government. Free market enthusiasm led to lower taxes, a volunteer army, individual 401(k) retirement plans, free agency in sports, deregulated airlines, and expansions in gambling and pornography. At the same time, the movement for civil rights grew, promoting changes for women, gays, immigrants, and the disabled. And developments were not limited to the United States. Many countries gave up colonial and racial hierarchies to develop a new formal commitment to human rights, while economic deregulation spread to other parts of the world, from Chile and the United Kingdom to China. Placing a tempestuous political culture within a global perspective, this book shows that the decade wrought irrevocable transformations upon American society and the broader world that continue to resonate today.

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