scholarly journals A STOCHASTIC GRONWALL LEMMA

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350019 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL SCHEUTZOW
Keyword(s):  
Simple Proof ◽  
Integral Inequality ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Local Martingale ◽  
Gronwall Lemma ◽  
Martingale Inequality ◽  
Optimal Constant ◽  
Linear Integral ◽  
The Right

We prove a stochastic Gronwall lemma of the following type: if Z is an adapted non-negative continuous process which satisfies a linear integral inequality with an added continuous local martingale M and a process H on the right-hand side, then for any p ∈ (0, 1) the pth moment of the supremum of Z is bounded by a constant κp (which does not depend on M) times the pth moment of the supremum of H. Our main tool is a martingale inequality which is due to D. Burkholder. We provide an alternative simple proof of the martingale inequality which provides an explicit numerical value for the constant cp appearing in the inequality which is at most four times as large as the optimal constant.

scholarly journals A Responsabilidade Fiscal como Código de Condutas para a Realização dos Gastos Públicos na Efetivação da Política de Educação Obrigatória

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Sarmento ◽  
Lean Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Process ◽  
Public Administrators ◽  
Public Budget ◽  
Right To Education ◽  
Fiscal Responsibility ◽  
Mandatory Education ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lack Of Commitment ◽  
Public Right

A RESPONSABILIDADE FISCAL COMO CÓDIGO DE CONDUTAS PARA A REALIZAÇÃO DOS GASTOS PÚBLICOS NA EFETIVAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA PÚBLICA DE EDUCAÇÃO OBRIGATÓRIA  FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A CODE OF CONDUCTS FOR PUBLIC SPENDING ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MANDATORY EDUCATION POLICY   George Sarmento*Lean Araújo**  RESUMO: O direito à educação no Brasil, positivado nas Cartas Constitucionais, foi submetido a avanços e retrocessos quando da produção das oito Constituições, no período de 1824 a 1988. O marco determinante da educação obrigatória e gratuita como direito subjetivo público se deu com a Carta Constitucional de 1988, porém, apesar da instituição de um direito que exige a ação positiva do Estado para o seu contínuo processo de concretude, os gestores têm tergiversado no seu adimplemento, esta tergiversão resulta do não comprometimento dos gestores públicos na adequada produção do orçamento público enquanto instrumento de conquistas das aspirações dos cidadãos, a partir de ações fundadas na responsabilidade fiscal, mediante a alocação de recursos para o adimplemento do direito à educação, razão pela qual o Poder Judiciário, mormente no período pós-1988, tem promovido intervenções para a efetivação do direito à educação, por vezes com forte consequência no processo de execução orçamentária. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Orçamento Público. Educação. Direito Subjetivo Público. Responsabilidade Fiscal. Judicialização. ABSTRACT: The right to education in Brazil, guaranteed in the constitutional charters, went through advancements and setbacks during the formulation of the eight constitutions, in the period between 1824 and 1988. The decisive moment for obligatory and chargeless education as Subjective Public Right was the Constitutional Charter from 1988. But, despite of the institution of a right that demands a positive State action for its continuous process of implementation, the public administrators have tergiversated in its due performance. This tergiversation is a result of lack of commitment from public administrators in adequately producing Public Budget as an instrument of citizens' achievements and aspirations, from actions grounded in Fiscal Responsibility. This is the reason why the judiciary, specially, after 1988, has promoted interventions to effect the right to education, sometimes with substantial consequence in Budget implementation. KEYWORDS: Public Budget. Education. Subjective Public Right. Fiscal Responsibility. Judicializacion.  SUMÁRIO: Introdução. 1 Origem e Principais Eixos da Responsabilidade Fiscal. 2 O Limite de Gastos com Pessoal e a Concretude da Política Pública de Educação. 3 Orçamento Público e seu Processo de Evolução na Ordem Constitucional Brasileira. 4 A Intervenção do Judiciário na Execução Orçamentária. Conclusão. Referências._________________________* Pós-Doutor em Direito pela Université D’Aix-Marseille, França. Doutor e Mestre em Direito pela Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Coordenador do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL). Professor Associado da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL).** Doutorando em Direito pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS). Professor da Fundação Educacional Jayme de Altavila e na Sociedade de Ensino Universitário do Nordeste.

Register machine proof of the theorem on exponential diophantine representation of enumerable sets

1984 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 818-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Jones ◽  
Y. V. Matijasevič
Keyword(s):  
Natural Number ◽  
Polynomial Time ◽  
Simple Proof ◽  
Diophantine Equations ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Exponential Diophantine Equations ◽  
Recursively Enumerable ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
Exponential Relation

The purpose of the present paper is to give a new, simple proof of the theorem of M. Davis, H. Putnam and J. Robinson [1961], which states that every recursively enumerable relation A(a1, …, an) is exponential diophantine, i.e. can be represented in the formwhere a1 …, an, x1, …, xm range over natural numbers and R and S are functions built up from these variables and natural number constants by the operations of addition, A + B, multiplication, AB, and exponentiation, AB. We refer to the variables a1,…,an as parameters and the variables x1 …, xm as unknowns.Historically, the Davis, Putnam and Robinson theorem was one of the important steps in the eventual solution of Hilbert's tenth problem by the second author [1970], who proved that the exponential relation, a = bc, is diophantine, and hence that the right side of (1) can be replaced by a polynomial equation. But this part will not be reproved here. Readers wishing to read about the proof of that are directed to the papers of Y. Matijasevič [1971a], M. Davis [1973], Y. Matijasevič and J. Robinson [1975] or C. Smoryński [1972]. We concern ourselves here for the most part only with exponential diophantine equations until §5 where we mention a few consequences for the class NP of sets computable in nondeterministic polynomial time.

scholarly journals OCNEANU'S TRACE AND STARKEY'S RULE

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (07) ◽  
pp. 899-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEINOLF GECK ◽  
NICOLAS JACON
Keyword(s):  
Simple Proof ◽  
Hecke Algebras ◽  
Jones Polynomial ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Type A ◽  
Character Tables ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Knots And Links

We give a new simple proof for the weights of Ocneanu's trace on Iwahori–Hecke algebras of type A. This trace is used in the construction of the HOMFLYPT-polynomial of knots and links (which includes the famous Jones polynomial as a special case). Our main tool is Starkey's rule concerning the character tables of Iwahori–Hecke algebras of type A.

scholarly journals A Class of Stochastic Nonlinear Delay System with Jumps

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ling Bai ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Wenju Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Delay System ◽  
Lévy Noise ◽  
Local Martingale ◽  
Martingale Inequality ◽  
Strong Law ◽  
Delay Differential System ◽  
Delay Differential ◽  
Levy Noise ◽  
Nonlinear Delay

We consider stochastic suppression and stabilization for nonlinear delay differential system. The system is assumed to satisfy local Lipschitz condition and one-side polynomial growth condition. Since the system may explode in a finite time, we stochastically perturb this system by introducing independent Brownian noises and Lévy noise feedbacks. The contributions of this paper are as follows. (a) We show that Brownian noises or Lévy noise may suppress potential explosion of the solution for some appropriate parameters. (b) Using the exponential martingale inequality with jumps, we discuss the fact that the sample Lyapunov exponent is nonpositive. (c) Considering linear Lévy processes, by the strong law of large number for local martingale, sufficient conditions for a.s. exponentially stability are investigated in Theorem 13.

A stochastic Gronwall lemma revisited

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950007
Author(s):  
Cloud Makasu
Keyword(s):  
Integral Inequality ◽  
Stochastic Integral ◽  
Gronwall Lemma

A stochastic integral inequality of the Gronwall type is established. The result complements a stochastic Gronwall lemma proved by Scheutzow3.

scholarly journals Symmetrisable functions and their expansion in terms of biorthogonal functions

1920 ◽  
Vol 97 (686) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equation ◽  
Symmetric Function ◽  
Biorthogonal System ◽  
Linear Integral Equation ◽  
Positive Type ◽  
Linear Integral ◽  
The Right

The purpose of this communication is to announce certain results relative to the expansion of a symmetrisable function k ( s , t ) in terms of a complete biorthogonal system of fundamental functions, which belong to k ( s , t ) regarded as the kernel of a linear integral equation. An indication of the method by which the results have been obtained is given, but no attempt is made to supply detailed proofs. Preliminary Explanations . 1. Let k ( s , t ) be a function defined in the square a ≤ s ≤ b , a ≤ t ≤ b . If a function ϒ ( s , t ) can be found which is of positive type in the square a ≤ s ≤ b , a ≤ t ≤ b and such that ∫ a b ϒ ( s , x ) k ( x , t ) dx is a symmetric function of s and t , k ( s , t ) is said to be symmetrisable on the left by ϒ ( s , t ) is the square. Similarly, if a function ϒ' ( s, t ) of positive type can be found such that ∫ a b k ( s , x ) ϒ' ( x , t ) dx is a symmetric function of s and t , k ( s , t ) is said to be symmetrisable on the right by ϒ' ( s , t ).

Nonlinear integral inequalities of the Volterra type

1992 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Szwarc
Keyword(s):  
Power Function ◽  
Integral Inequality ◽  
Integral Inequalities ◽  
Volterra Type ◽  
Identity Function ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Half Axis ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Right ◽  
Zero Points

We are studying the integral inequalitywhere all functions appearing are defined and increasing on the right half-axis and take the value zero at zero. We are interested in determining when the inequality admits solutions u(x) which are non-vanishing in a neighbourhood of zero. It is well-known that if ψ(x) is the identity function then no such solution exists. This due to the fact that the operator defined by the integral on the right-hand side of the equation is linear and compact. So if we are interested in non-trivial solutions it is natural to require that ψ(x) > 0 at least for all non-zero points in some neighbourhood of zero. One of the typical examples is the power function ψ(x) = xα, where α < 1. This situation was explored in [2]. The functions a(x) that admit non-zero solutions were characterized by Bushell in [1]. For a general approach to the problem we refer to [2], [3] and [4].

scholarly journals Problematic issues of identification of a person as the main tool of combating money laundering in the circulation of electronic money

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
M.V. Starynskyi ◽  
Zh.V. Khutorіanets
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Bank Institution ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Identification Of Persons ◽  
The Right ◽  
Combat Money Laundering

The article investigates some problematic issues concerning identification of persons that perform financial operations as the main way to combat money laundering in the cycle of e-cash. It draws readers’ attention to the speedy development of the Internet technologies that results in the increasing popularity of new payment systems including e-cash. It is emphasized that the advantages provided to some people by the use of e-cash in their economic operations can be used by other persons for certain criminal purposes. In this aspect e-cash has found its extensive application in the grey sector of the world economy and as such requires a more intensive control over its use. The authors of the investigation prove that identification of the persons using payment tools is currently one of the most effective ways to prevent e-cash from being used in illegal activities. International organizations whose purpose is to combat money laundering always recommend different states to improve their mechanisms of the identification of the persons involved in financial operations. The analysis of person’s identification applied to the customers of financial operations proves that the basic mechanism of reliable identification is the list of documents that identify a person being fixed in the national laws. The range of these documents and their quality vary in different countries, thus proving the peculiar features of these states. The issue of the identification of financial operation customers is in Ukraine in the phase of its intense formation. The laws establish only the main documents to identify a person. At the same time, in our opinion, the legislation currently in effect must foresee complete lists of the documents that a bank institution has the right and possibility to ask for with view of person’s identification. Such lists must take into consideration not only average situations but also cases of natural disasters, socio-political changes in the society, presence of the person on the territory of another country, etc. The approval of such lists should allow banking institutions to duly observe the provisions of our national legislation designed to prevent money laundering.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF DRILLING THIN SHEET STEELS

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Ostrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Sheet Material ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
The Right

This article considers the technological process of drilling holes in sheet metal. The existing typical technological process, with detailed analysis, provides grounds for substantiating the idea of an innovative solution. There is a connection between the improvement of economic indicators of this technological operation with the change of geometric parameters of the tool. The comparison of existing technological processes, operations, and transitions of production of round openings with the use of spiral drills is given. The traditional technique involves a clear sequence of the technological process with the use of tools for marking, kerning, and sequential use of screw drills of different diameters. Therefore, after the previous operation of marking the center of the two holes, perform the operation of kerning. The core (recess in the metal) prevents the deviation of the small diameter screw drill from the marking lines. After the above steps, the traditional technological process involves drilling a small diameter hole in order to direct the main tool in the right direction. To make the main hole perform special sharpening of the working part of the twist drill so that the diameter of the Central part of the tool is equal to the diameter of the first guide hole to avoid further displacement of the main hole and the next operation is to drill the hole to the desired diameter. As a result, the article raises the topic, given the widespread use of sheet metal, including in the agricultural sector, the feasibility of using an innovative idea to improve the technological process associated with the processing of sheet material, namely thin metal sheets. It is worth noting that for example, we consider a material that is characterized by its versatility, namely steel Ст 3. Despite the numerous sources devoted to the study of improving the drilling process, there are a number of issues, including the extension of this direction surfaces with a covering and without it, various thicknesses within the thin-walled hire. The most significant result of the improved technological process of drilling will be used in the system of efficient maintenance of agricultural machinery.

scholarly journals WORKSHOP PEMBUATAN CD PEMBELAJARAN INTERAKTIF BUATAN SENDIRI (PITBUS) BAGI GURU SMP N 1 TURI

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim ◽  
Syahria Anggita Sakti
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Learning ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Professional Attitude ◽  
The Media ◽  
Power Point ◽  
The Right

Pendidikan memerlukan proses yang terus menerus sehingga guru perlu meningkatkan profesionalismenya. Guru profesional tidak hanya menguasai bidang ilmu, bahan ajar, dan metode yang tepat, tetapi mampu mengembangkan empat komponen kompetensi guru yaitu pedagogik, kepribadian, profesional, dan sosial. Guru yang tidak mempunyai sikap profesional dapat menyebabkan siswa sulit berkembang dengan baik. Pembuatan media pembelajaran merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatisipasi media yang susah didapat Guru dapat membuat sendiri media pembelajaran sehingga tidak memerlukan biaya yang mahal. Pembelajaran menjadi relevan dengan media yang dikonsep sendiri oleh guru. ada cara yang mudah untuk guru untuk membuat media pembelajaran sendiri yaitu dengan slide master. Menu slide master terdapat dalam program Microsoft Power Point yang sering dipakai oleh guru. Slide Master mempunyai keunggulan yang interaktif sehingga dapat melibatkan siswa dalam pembelajaran. peneliti berinovasi untuk melakukan pelatihan pembuatan CD PITBUS (Pembelajaran Interaktif Buatan Sendiri) perlu digalakkan agar guru dapat membuat media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia sendiri. Program pelatihan pembuatan CD PITBUS ini akan dilaksanakan di SMP N 1 Turi.  Education requires a continuous process so that teachers need to improve their professionalism. Professional teachers not only possess the right field of knowledge, teaching materials, and methods, but can develop the four components of the competency of the teacher: pedagogic, personality, professional, and social. Teachers who have no professional attitude can cause students to be difficult to develop well. Learning media making is one of the solutions to the media that can be difficult to obtain Guru can create their own learning media so that it does not require expensive costs. Learning becomes relevant to the media that the teacher has conceptualized. There is an easy way for teachers to create their own learning media that is with master slides. The master slide Menu is included in the Microsoft Power Point program, which is often used by teachers. Master slides have an interactive advantage that can involve students in learning. Researchers are innovating to conduct a CD making training in PITBUS (interactive learning) needs to be encouraged so that teachers can make their own multimediabased learning media. The PITBUS CD making Program will be held at SMP N 1 Turi.

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