PHYSICAL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE IN FULLY NONEXTENSIVE STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIOREL BADESCU
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Statistical Thermodynamics ◽  
Additive Functions ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Thermodynamic Entropy ◽  
Classical Gas ◽  
Nonextensive Thermodynamics ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

This paper generalizes previous results concerning the definitions of physical temperature and pressure in nonextensive statistical thermodynamics. The novelty is that both the internal energy and the volume are no longer additive functions. The new approach is referred to as "fully" nonextensive thermodynamics. The physical temperature is different from the inverse of the Lagrange multiplier. This fact changes the form of some usual thermodynamic relations. For example, the Clausius definition of the thermodynamic entropy has to be modified. As an application, the classical gas model is examined with statistical calculations performed under the Tsallis–Mendes–Plastino formalism of nonextensive thermodynamics. The specific heat expression differs from the one encountered in ordinary extensive thermodynamics but the equation of state keeps the same form.

scholarly journals Modern vision for critical flow in an egg-shaped section

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hachemi Rachedi Lamia ◽  
Lakehal Moussa ◽  
Achour Bachir
Keyword(s):  
Froude Number ◽  
Critical Regime ◽  
Critical Flow ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Smooth Channel ◽  
Critical Flow Regime ◽  
Modern Vision ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Steep Slopes

Abstract The critical regime plays a primordial role in the study of gradually varying flows by classifying flow regimes and slopes. Through this work, a new approach is proposed to analyze critical flow regime in an egg-shaped channel. Based on both the definition of Froude number and Achour and Bedjaoui general discharge relationship, a relation between critical and normal depths is derived and then graphically represented for the particular case of a smooth channel characterized by a generating diameter equal to one meter. The results show the influence of the slope on the frequency of occurrence of the critical regime. At the same time and independently of the flow rate, a very advantageous approach for the calculation of the Froude number has been proposed. The study shows that there are six zones to differentiate the various flow states, namely: on the one hand for steep slopes two subcritical zones interspersed by a supercritical zone and on the other hand for mild slopes a zone corresponding to uniform flow, an area where the flow is probably gradually varied and finally an area where the flow is abruptly varied. Based on the specific energy equation, a validation process concluded that the proposed relationships were reliable.

Integrative competency of a teacher as the condition of efficiency of the educational process in the modern age

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
D. D. Bychkova
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Personal Significance ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
Online Stores ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Teacher Mentor

Formation and development of professional qualities of a person is a long and difficult process, which is divided into several levels of training, whereby achieving positive results at one level allows the transition to the next. First, a person gets an extensive database of knowledge, skills abilities at school, and this base helps him/her to determine his/her preferences and make a choice in favor of a certain profession. Then a person continues education for chosen profession in university, and then, after graduation, a person gets an opportunity to continue improving and self-educating in the chosen professional sphere. But all these levels of education are not possible to perform without the direct or indirect influence of the one who can teach, guide and even control the process of education. A person constantly interacts to some extent with a teacher, mentor, tutor and others while acquiring knowledge, forming skills and abilities. The modern generation is fundamentally different from the previous one, with different life approach and understanding of the world, as it lives in a hi-tech world of accessible information, virtual reality, social networks, online stores, smartphones and other gadgets. The boundaries between real and virtual worlds have almost been erased. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of learning and education processes in the new reality, a new approach, concepts and rules are needed, and consequently, new competencies that teacher should acquire. Taking into account the peculiarities of the term “competence” and also the fact that the field of teacher’s expertise is extensive and includes both educating and building students’ personality, there is a need to form an integrative competence of future teachers, which will provide them with essential assistance in their professional life. The paper formulates the definition of integrative competence; determines the place occupied by these competences in the hierarchy of competences; indicates the social and practical conditionality, significance of the competence, personal significance of the competence, competence indicators; gives a brief description of the fund of evaluation tools allowing to judge its formation.

Gas-liquid critical temperatures of mixtures containing an organosilicon compound

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 957 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Waterson ◽  
CL Young
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Hard Sphere ◽  
Organosilicon Compound ◽  
Composition Dependence ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Iterative Solution ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The One

The gas-liquid critical temperatures of 16 binary mixtures containing an organosilicon compound have been measured by the sealed-tube method, together with the gas-liquid critical temperature and pressure of tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane and tetrapropoxysilane.��� The results for the mixtures have been used to calculate a parameter characterizing the interactions between unlike molecules. An iterative solution to the criticality condition was used together with the one-fluid model and a 'hard sphere+attractive term' equation of state. ��� The interaction parameters are discussed briefly. The one-fluid model in the form used here, at least, appears to be unsatisfactory for predicting the composition dependence of the gas-liquid critical temperatures within 5 K for mixtures of molecules of widely differing sizes (i.e. size ratios as estimated from molar volumes of greater than 1 : 4).

scholarly journals The capacity coefficients of spherical conductors

1920 ◽  
Vol 97 (683) ◽  
pp. 160-172 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Capacity Coefficient ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Electric Stress ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
Zero Potential ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Spherical Conductor

Maxwell pointed out that the self-capacity coefficient of a conductor is numerically equal to its charge when its potential is unity and all neighbour­ing conductors are at zero potential. He considered that the “proper definition of the capacity of a conductor” is to define it as being equal to the self-capacity coefficient. Adopting this definition, we may consider that the self-capacity coefficient is the capacity of the condenser formed by the conductor, on the one side, and, on the other side, all neighbouring conductors connected with the earth. This gives a simple physical meaning to the self­ capacity coefficient, and in one or two simple cases it enables us to compute its value. In the case of a spherical conductor, however, we can give an equally simple way of regarding it, which leads to easier methods of com­puting its value. As a knowledge of the self-capacity coefficients of spheres is essential in certain practical problems, for instance, when computing the electric stress at which a spark will occur between unequal spherical electrodes when the dielectric between them is at a given temperature and pressure, simplified methods of finding their values are useful. It is proved below that the self-capacity coefficient of a spherical conductor equals its radius together with the capacity of the condenser formed between the surface of the sphere and the images in the sphere of all external conductors, including the earth connected in parallel. Many of the formulæ given by the author in his papers are connected by very simple relations. For brevity, we shall refer to these papers as X and Y respectively. The approximate formulæ given in Y for spherical con­densers can be usefully employed for computing the capacity coefficients for external spheres, and, conversely, we can use the tables given by Kelvin and in X, p. 529, for computing the values of the capacities of spherical condensers.

Was it Rape? The David and Bathsheba Pericope Re-examined

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Izuchukwu Abasili
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Academic Debate

AbstractIn view of the academic debate on whether David raped Bathsheba, this article takes a new approach to 2 Sam 11-12. Using narrative analysis, it reinterprets 2 Sam 11-12 with the Hebrew biblical definition of rape in mind. This new approach reveals that some of the opposing views of exegetes on this pericope are caused by the imposition of today’s definition of rape upon the narrative of 2 Sam 11-12. Our conclusion questions, on the one hand, the basis upon which some scholars suggest that David raped Bathsheba. Are they talking about ‘biblical-rape’ or are they using a contemporary concept of rape to judge the Hebrew bible? On the other hand, it disagrees with those scholars who accuse Bathsheba of seducing David for whatever motive.

scholarly journals Consumer Innovativeness in Food Industry: From Literature Review Some Indications for Business Practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Passaro ◽  
Sergio Salomone
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Process ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Consumer Innovativeness ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Objectives. Through the analysis of literature, the evolution of consumer’s behaviour is traced, although with broad strokes, with the purpose of outlining the consumer innovativeness related to the sector, in anticipation of the imminent and relevant innovations in food field. Final objective is that of highlighting the principal trends which determine the modern consumer’s choices in food sphere. Methodology. The explorative-type research is essentially based on a systematic analysis of literature in theme of bent to innovation in the consumer’s behaviour. Findings. The trend which is changing the attitude to create innovative products in food field will be determined not only by the changes in the consumer’s behaviour but above all by the necessity of including such changes in the innovation process, realized by companies.Research limits. The objective difficulty in the identification of a unanimous definition of innovation does not allow to be able to carry out such an empirical survey to measure the consumer innovativeness, especially in food field.Practical implications. The deep changes intervened in the life system of consumers on the one hand, and the succeeding each other of events that have profoundly conditioned the agro-food sector on the other hand, have been subjects of studies to understand the new approach of consumers to the food offer, useful for the companies in the definition of product innovation politics. Originality of the study. The limited literature in the field of consumer innovativeness, much more in the agro-food field, makes the present research original in its attempt of theoretical systematization of concept of bent to consumer’s innovation in food field.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

Seeing, imagined, and lived

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandi Silva Knuppel
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Theories Of Practice ◽  
Sources Of Authority ◽  
Definition Of

Scholarship on Hindu traditions and practices proposes the practice of darshan as fundamental to Hindu traditions, particularly in temple worship, observing that devotees seek out images of deities primarily to see them and “receive” their darshan. These works typically gloss the definition of darshan with a sentence or two about seeing, exchanging glances, and/or receiving blessings. In this paper, I focus on the ways in which darshan is ideally imagined in conjunction with other bodily sensory practices through sources of authority, such as texts and senior devotees, to create a specific sensory experience and expectation in the transnational Gaudiya Vaishnava community. I then look to the lived realitiesof darshan in this tradition, specifically how devotees negotiate the structures created through sources of authority in their daily lives. Through this juxtaposition of idealized and lived darshan, I argue that we need a new approach towards theories of practice to take into account the complexities of darshanic moments in this and other religious practices.

Democracy and Political Culture

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross McKibbin
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Social System ◽  
Political System ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

This book is an examination of Britain as a democratic society; what it means to describe it as such; and how we can attempt such an examination. The book does this via a number of ‘case-studies’ which approach the subject in different ways: J.M. Keynes and his analysis of British social structures; the political career of Harold Nicolson and his understanding of democratic politics; the novels of A.J. Cronin, especially The Citadel, and what they tell us about the definition of democracy in the interwar years. The book also investigates the evolution of the British party political system until the present day and attempts to suggest why it has become so apparently unstable. There are also two chapters on sport as representative of the British social system as a whole as well as the ways in which the British influenced the sporting systems of other countries. The book has a marked comparative theme, including one chapter which compares British and Australian political cultures and which shows British democracy in a somewhat different light from the one usually shone on it. The concluding chapter brings together the overall argument.

An LQ Approach to Active Control of Vibrations in Helicopters

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Bittanti ◽  
Fabrizio Lorito ◽  
Silvia Strada
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Active Control ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Vibration Effect ◽  
Suitable Definition ◽  
Lq Optimal Control ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

In this paper, Linear Quadratic (LQ) optimal control concepts are applied for the active control of vibrations in helicopters. The study is based on an identified dynamic model of the rotor. The vibration effect is captured by suitably augmenting the state vector of the rotor model. Then, Kalman filtering concepts can be used to obtain a real-time estimate of the vibration, which is then fed back to form a suitable compensation signal. This design rationale is derived here starting from a rigorous problem position in an optimal control context. Among other things, this calls for a suitable definition of the performance index, of nonstandard type. The application of these ideas to a test helicopter, by means of computer simulations, shows good performances both in terms of disturbance rejection effectiveness and control effort limitation. The performance of the obtained controller is compared with the one achievable by the so called Higher Harmonic Control (HHC) approach, well known within the helicopter community.

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