SOIL–VEGETATION–ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION BY A MULTIPHYSICS APPROACH
Ground settlement can damage light buildings supported by shallow foundations through cracking. The prediction and modeling of tree roots effect on soil water content and consequently the soil settlements needs a comprehensive analysis of the interactions between tree roots, soil, and water. Root water uptake by trees depends on soil conditions, climatic parameters, and vegetation type. A two-dimensional root-water-uptake model is implemented in a fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanic finite element program, θ-STOCK. Evapotranspiration from the soil surface covered by grasses is calculated using energy balance and water balance on the surface of soil. The tree roots are modeled as sink terms which are distributed vertically for homogeneous canopy such as forests, or laterally in the case of single tree or a row of trees. The distribution of sink term depends of geometry of root zone and type of canopy. Two case studies are used for verification of implemented model by comparing the modeling results with the measured water content reduction in the zones influenced by tree roots. The soil settlements due to these water content reductions are also calculated.