scholarly journals Reallocating Water: An Application of Sequential Sharing Rules to Cyprus

2015 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Ansink ◽  
Carmen Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Water Allocation ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Sharing Rules ◽  
The World

Water scarcity has become a major constraint on economic development in many regions of the world and sectoral water reallocation is now widely recognized as an essential step toward the sustainable management of water resources. This paper offers an approach to the reallocation of water among sectors based on sequential sharing rules. An essential feature of this approach is that it takes jointly into account a multiplicity of aspects which are critical to many water reallocation problems, but have often been neglected by the theoretical literature. Such aspects include pre-existing customary (or other) rights, scarcity constraints, the chronological order of sectors’ arrivals and environmental water demand. In doing so, our framework can help achieve a solution which is not only more efficient, but also perceived as legitimate and fair. Sequential sharing rules can be used to support or complement other approaches to water allocation, including those based on water markets. Our framework is illustrated using an application to inter-sectoral water reallocation in Cyprus.

Determinants of water purchases by pistachio producers in an informal groundwater market: a case study from Iran

Water Policy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinoush Jamali Jaghdani ◽  
Bernhard Brümmer
Keyword(s):  
Water Allocation ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Participation Decision ◽  
Eastern Iran ◽  
Scarce Water

Market-based water allocation systems have the potential to ensure that scarce water will flow to the user who earns the highest marginal value from that water. However, the number of recorded instances where water supply problems are solved by market-based systems remains limited. This study attempts to identify the decisive factors that motivate farmers’ participation in informal spot water markets in the Rafsanjan aquifer in south-eastern Iran. A two-stage random sampling was carried out in a field survey from November 2008 to February 2009. A logit model is used to test the factors affecting farmers’ decisions to buy groundwater from neighbours who share the same pump. The results show that the technological variables contribute substantially to the participation decision. For example, a decrease in water quality, an increase in the age of the garden, and an increase in the size of the water quota reduce the probability of participation. In contrast, more scattered plots, a higher water flow level from pumping, and a deeper well increase the probability of participation in water markets. Finally, the results suggest that in this area, the participation in water markets is motivated more by profit increasing factors than by farmer socioeconomic characteristics.

Ukraine and the Challenges of Post-Totalitarian Transit (1990-2019)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Holovko ◽  
◽  
Larysa Yakubova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Essential Feature ◽  
State Building ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
World War ◽  
Successful Completion ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The key problems of nation- and state-building are revealed in the concept of the chronotope of the Ukrainian “long twentieth century,” which is a hybrid projection of the “long nineteenth century.” An essential feature of this stage in the history of Ukraine and Ukrainians is the realization of the intentions of socioeconomic, ethnocultural and political emancipation: in fact, the end of the Ukrainian revolution, which began in the context of World War I and the destruction of the colonial system. The third book tells about the contradictions of post-Soviet transit. The three modern revolutions, the development of “oligarchic republics,” the subjectivization of Ukraine in the world through self-awareness of the European choice are visible manifestations of the final stage of the century-old Ukrainian revolution and anti-colonial liberation war. The essential transformations of the Ukrainian project are understood in the broad optics of post-totalitarian transit, the successful completion of which now rules for the national idea of Ukraine. For a wide audience.

Special Issue on "Immunomodulatory and therapeutic approaches against infectious diseases"

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Lavkush Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

Infectious diseases and consequent immune imbalancesare major constraint in human health managementthroughout the world. However, in recentdecades enormous efforts have been made to elucidatethe immunomodulatory approaches againstinfectious diseases. Immunomodulation is a therapeuticapproach in which we try to intervene inauto regulating processes of the defense system toadjust the immune response at a desired level.The present special issue on cutting edge issues inImmunomodulation like Immune stimulation, Immunesuppression, Immune potentiating and immunereinforcement summarizes our current understandingof this complex mosaic. The accompanyingselection of recent articles from across theworld provides further insight into this topic. 

scholarly journals The global value of water in agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (36) ◽  
pp. 21985-21993
Author(s):  
Paolo D’Odorico ◽  
Davide Danilo Chiarelli ◽  
Lorenzo Rosa ◽  
Alfredo Bini ◽  
David Zilberman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Price ◽  
Water Markets ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Water Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Value Of Water

Major environmental functions and human needs critically depend on water. In regions of the world affected by water scarcity economic activities can be constrained by water availability, leading to competition both among sectors and between human uses and environmental needs. While the commodification of water remains a contentious political issue, the valuation of this natural resource is sometime viewed as a strategy to avoid water waste. Likewise, water markets have been invoked as a mechanism to allocate water to economically most efficient uses. The value of water, however, remains difficult to estimate because water markets and market prices exist only in few regions of the world. Despite numerous attempts at estimating the value of water in the absence of markets (i.e., the “shadow price”), a global spatially explicit assessment of the value of water in agriculture is still missing. Here we propose a data-parsimonious biophysical framework to determine the value generated by water in irrigated agriculture and highlight its global spatiotemporal patterns. We find that in much of the world the actual crop distribution does not maximize agricultural water value.

scholarly journals Profanity and Play: Solidarity in the Discourse of Cyberbullying

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Jeremy Jones
Keyword(s):  
Essential Feature ◽  
Computer Mediated Communication ◽  
Mediated Communication ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
The World ◽  
High Degree

Offering the world countless remarkable benefits, computer mediated communication has become an essential feature of modern life. However, it has also become a medium for personal aggression and abuse of diverse kinds. The discourse of online vilification has been the topic of much research, for instance on the behaviour of trolls. This study focuses on a little researched phenomenon, the discourse of cyberbullying, in particular a subtype, cybermobbing, in which a group of participants gather online to attack an individual over a period of time. The study takes up an example of such participants who joined a Facebook group dedicated to abusing a prominent sportsman. The purpose of the study is to identify the chief discourse characteristics of cybermobbing that bind the participants together. The analysis reveals a high degree of solidarity among the participants expressed through profanity, humour, and play. The results will also throw light on the mentality of those who engage in cybermobbing.

scholarly journals Machine learning approaches to predict the Plant-associated phenotype of Xanthomonas strains

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennie te Molder ◽  
Wasin Poncheewin ◽  
Peter J. Schaap ◽  
Jasper J. Koehorst
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
The World ◽  
Genome Content

Abstract Background The genus Xanthomonas has long been considered to consist predominantly of plant pathogens, but over the last decade there has been an increasing number of reports on non-pathogenic and endophytic members. As Xanthomonas species are prevalent pathogens on a wide variety of important crops around the world, there is a need to distinguish between these plant-associated phenotypes. To date a large number of Xanthomonas genomes have been sequenced, which enables the application of machine learning (ML) approaches on the genome content to predict this phenotype. Until now such approaches to the pathogenomics of Xanthomonas strains have been hampered by the fragmentation of information regarding pathogenicity of individual strains over many studies. Unification of this information into a single resource was therefore considered to be an essential step. Results Mining of 39 papers considering both plant-associated phenotypes, allowed for a phenotypic classification of 578 Xanthomonas strains. For 65 plant-pathogenic and 53 non-pathogenic strains the corresponding genomes were available and de novo annotated for the presence of Pfam protein domains used as features to train and compare three ML classification algorithms; CART, Lasso and Random Forest. Conclusion The literature resource in combination with recursive feature extraction used in the ML classification algorithms provided further insights into the virulence enabling factors, but also highlighted domains linked to traits not present in pathogenic strains.

Sydney Harbour: a review of anthropogenic impacts on the biodiversity and ecosystem function of one of the world

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mayer-Pinto ◽  
E. L. Johnston ◽  
P. A. Hutchings ◽  
E. M. Marzinelli ◽  
S. T. Ahyong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Benthic Community Structure ◽  
Organic Contamination ◽  
The World ◽  
Sydney Harbour ◽  
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function ◽  
Non Indigenous Species

Sydney Harbour is a hotspot for diversity. However, as with estuaries worldwide, its diversity and functioning faces increasing threats from urbanisation. This is the first synthesis of threats and impacts in Sydney Harbour. In total 200 studies were reviewed: 109 focussed on contamination, 58 on habitat modification, 11 addressed non-indigenous species (NIS) and eight investigated fisheries. Metal concentrations in sediments and seaweeds are among the highest recorded worldwide and organic contamination can also be high. Contamination is associated with increased abundances of opportunistic species, and changes in benthic community structure. The Harbour is also heavily invaded, but invaders’ ecological and economic impacts are poorly quantified. Communities within Sydney Harbour are significantly affected by extensive physical modification, with artificial structures supporting more NIS and lower diversity than their natural equivalents. We know little about the effects of fishing on the Harbour’s ecology, and although ocean warming along Sydney is among the fastest in the world, we know little about how the ecosystem will respond to warming. The interactive and cumulative effects of stressors on ecosystem functioning and services in the Harbour are largely unknown. Sustainable management of this iconic natural system requires that knowledge gaps are addressed and translated into coherent environmental plans.

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