Thick Target Yields of Characteristic X-Rays byp,d,3He+and4He+Bombardments

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1297-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihiro Shima ◽  
Masakatsu Sakisaka ◽  
Masayuki Kokado ◽  
Takehisa Yamamoto ◽  
Isao Makino
Keyword(s):  
1998 ◽  
Vol 509 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Brown ◽  
Andrew J. Conway ◽  
Markus J. Aschwanden

Author(s):  
M. Khaliquzzaman ◽  
S.T. Lam ◽  
T. Otsubo ◽  
A.H. Hussain ◽  
L.G. Stephens-Newsham

1996 ◽  
Vol 06 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.C. Chu ◽  
K. Ishii ◽  
M. Kikuchi ◽  
K. Murozono ◽  
C.C. Hsu ◽  
...  

We measured continuum x-rays from an aluminium target bombarded with 60 keV- and 80 keV- proton beams. On the basis of the PWBA theory, we calculated the thick target yields of atomic bremsstrahlung and nuclear bremsstrahlung produced in very low energy ion-atom collisions and compared with the experiment. The present theory predicts that the main component of continuum x-rays produced in such low energy ion-atom collisions is the nuclear bremsstrahlung. The theory presents the yields of continuum x-rays about 5 times larger than the experimental ones, however, reproduces well the spectral shape.


2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ngoc Duy ◽  
Le Hong Khiem

The stellar reaction 22Mg(α,p)25Al plays an important role for understanding the nucleosynthesis of stars. It has never investigated yet. We are planning to study this reaction in environment of X-rays burst with temperature T9 = 1÷3 GK using invert kinematics and thick target method. This paper shows a design for direct investigation of this reaction by simulation method. This design is necessary for experimental setup and for confirmation of the feasibility of the experiment.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avupati Venkata Surya Satyanarayana ◽  
Mokka Jagannadha Rao ◽  
Byreddy Seetharami Reddy

Abstract. The majority of PIXE analytical study on geosciences has used 3 MeV proton beams for excitation and these studies generally uses the K-X-rays for low Z elements and L-X-rays for high Z elements. The present study of resulting spectra of metamorphic high grade rocks like charnockite can require striping techniques to resolve interference problems between low and high Z elements on the applications of light energy-PIXE using Si (Li) detector. In all forms of X-ray analysis, including thick-target light energy-PIXE, the X-ray signal is a dependent of the ionization cross section and for low-energy protons, the cross section is high for the K shells of light elements and the L shells of heavy elements in charnockite rock providing sufficient fluorescent yield for analytical purposes. For Z > 55, 3 MeV protons cannot ionize K-shell electrons and analysis depends on the use of L-X-ray lines in charnockite rock. Such L-X-ray spectra are complicated and can be affected by interferences K-X-rays from low Z elements. The low Z elements present in the charnockite were identified by previous complementary analytical techniques, but not identified in this study due to the above PIXE experiment limitations, and also particularly due to the dimensions of Si (Li) detector because of low energy K-X-rays of the elements absorbed by the detector window. Both interferences complexity and detector efficiency can lead to difficulties and ambiguity in the interpretation of spectra of low Z charnockite composition, a problem that is exacerbated by uncertainty in relative K-X-ray line intensities of low Z elements. From this investigation, the light energy-PIXE is ideal for the analysis of low Z 


1967 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 339-344
Author(s):  
J. T. Hach ◽  
E. W. White

AbstractA novel method has been investigated for the study of extended X-ray absorption-edge fine structures. The method takes advantage of the absorption of continuum X-rays that emerge at low takeoff angles from an electron-bombarded target. The extended fine structure is observed as undulations in the continuum X-ray intensity in the region of the self-absorption edge. Spectra from conventional X-ray diffraction tubes have been recorded for various values of kilovolts and takeoff angles. Spectra obtained by this method are compared with published data. Nearly all the features of the extended fine structures can be clearly resolved by this technique. In the case of iron ar.d copper targets, it is found, experimentally that the best contrast is obtained when using a 50-kV accelerating voltage. A takeoff angle of 3° yielded best results for copper, while an angle of 10° was best suited for iron. The Philibert absorption correction successfully used in electron microprobe analysis has been extended to account for the observed self-absorption effect where κΔλ = f(x)λ1/f(x)λ2. The primary advantage of the thick-target technique is in the ability to obtain absorption spectra without having to prepare thin films. The technique is essentially nondestructive in that the sample need not be pulverized or thinned.


1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1663-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunihiro Shima ◽  
Minoru Takasaki ◽  
Shinichi Sakai ◽  
Yoshiaki Terashima
Keyword(s):  

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 509-512
Author(s):  
Dean F. Smith

Up until about five years ago all models for hard X-ray bursts consisted of streaming nonthermal electrons interacting with an ambient plasma (Brown 1975). Even in its most efficient form of thick-target emission in which electrons are stopped in the ambient plasma, this type of model is very inefficient because the electrons lose about 105 times more energy in Coulomb collisions with the ambient plasma than in X-rays resulting from bremsstrahlung. As a result, according to the latest estimates, at least 20% of the dissipated flare energy must go into accelerated electrons at the peak of the impulsive phase (Duijveman et al. 1982). Stimulated by observations of hard X-rays with thermal spectra (Crannel et al. 1978; Elcan 1978), analysis of a thermal model in which all the electrons in a given volume are heated to a temperature Te = 108K was begun (Brown et al. 1979; Smith and Lilliequist 1979; Vlahos and Papadopoulos 1979). It was recognized from the beginning that some electrons in the tail of the distribution would escape through the conduction fronts formed and mimic nonthermal streaming electrons. This thermal model with loss of electrons or dissipation became known as the dissipative thermal model (Emslie and Vlahos 1980). If the escaping electrons are not replenished, they will cease to make a contribution after a fraction of a second and the source will become a pure thermal source. It will be shown below that collisional replenishment (Smith and Brown 1980) is too slow.


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