Potassium-Argon ages from the Arequipa Segment of the Coastal Batholith of Peru and their correlation with regional tectonic events

1984 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Regional Tectonic

SEISMIC FACIES ANALYSIS AND STRUCTURAL INTERPRETATION OF DEEPWATER NW SABAH

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Akhmal Muhamad Sidek ◽  
Umar Hamzah ◽  
Radzuan Junin
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Tectonic Event ◽  
Structural Interpretation ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
Seismic Facies Analysis ◽  
Sequence Boundaries ◽  
Seismic Lines

The deepwaters of NW Sabah has been an interesting site for deepwater hydrocarbon exploration in Malaysia. Up to now, the exploration in this is mainly focused to the Late Miocene until the Pliocene siliciclastic sediment reservoirs distribution at the shelf edge. This paper shows a gross seismic facies mapping analysis and structural interpretation of regional deepwater NW Sabah especially at Sabah Trough. To convert depth, all seismic lines were picked and tied with selected wells. The results of the interpretation were then summarized and presented with relation to regional tectonic events. Eight seismic stratigraphic units, six seismic facies together with five sequence boundaries were recognized. Multichannel reflection 2D seismic data, gamma ray logs and biostratigraphy description from the three wells at deepwater fold-thrust belt and published tectono-stratigraphic scheme from Dangerous Grounds (Sabah Platform) in South China Sea were selected in this study. The propose of this study is to document the relevance of regional tectonic event between Dangerous Ground and Sabah Trough. 

scholarly journals Estudo de Campo Integrado com Imagem Landsat para Indicar Áreas Favoráveis a Captação de Águas Subterrâneas (Field Study with Integrated Landsat Image to Indicate a Favorable Areas Underground Water)

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Francisco De Assis da Silveira Gonzaga ◽  
Marx Prestes Barbosa ◽  
Paulo Roberto Megna Francisco
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Landsat Image ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Integrated Map ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Open Structures ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
The City

Este trabalho objetivou o mapeamento de áreas potencialmente favoráveis à pesquisa de água subterrânea para o município de Parari, utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento. Para a análise de fraturamento foi utilizada a banda 4 em papel fotográfico da imagem TM/Landsat-5 e fotografias aéreas que permitiram identificar as principais direções das estruturas lineares: NS±15º, EW±15º, NNE15º, NNW±15º, NE±15º, NW±15º, N60E±15º e N60W±15º. Os dados obtidos das imagens e medidos nos afloramentos foram submetidos ao tratamento estatístico proposto por Aliyev (1980), que permitiu o estudo regional dos eventos da tectônica rúptil. A partir da utilização do modelo de Riedel (1929), com as modificações de Sadowski (1983), definiu-se 2 sistemas de cisalhamento, dextral e sinistral. O Mapa Integrado contempla os dados obtidos como também o posicionamento das áreas com maior potencialidade à pesquisa de água subterrânea. No mapa estão indicadas áreas favoráveis à pesquisa de água subterrânea, relacionando cruzamento de estruturas abertas, com base na proposta de Sampaio (1987). As direções estruturais que mais se adequaram ao modelo, consequentemente mais propícias à prospecção de água subterrânea foram NS±15º, EW±15º, NE±15º, N60E±15º e N60W±15º.Palavras-chave: geologia, geoprocessamento, semiárido Field Study with Integrated Landsat Image to Indicate a Favorable Areas Underground Water ABSTRACTThis study aimed at mapping the potentially favorable to the survey of underground water for the city of Parari, using geoprocessing techniques. For the analysis of fracturing was used band 4 on photographic paper image TM/Landsat-5 and aerial photographs that have identified the main directions of linear structures: NS ± 15 º, EW ± 15, NNE15 º NNW ± 15, NE ± 15 º , NW ± 15, ± 15 ° N60E and N60W ± 15 °. Data from the images and measured in outcrops were subjected to statistical treatment proposed by Aliyev (1980), which allowed the study of regional tectonic events brittle. From this model of Riedel (1929) with modifications Sadowski (1983) have defined two systems shear dextral and sinistral. The integrated map includes data obtained as well as the positioning of the areas with greatest potential for groundwater research. On the map are indicated favorable areas for groundwater research, cross-linking open structures, based on the proposal of Sampaio (1987). The structural directions that best conformed to the model, thus more conducive to prospecting for groundwater were ± 15 ° NS, EW ± 15, ± 15 ° NE, N60E and N60W ± 15 ° ± 15 °.Keywords: geology, geoprocessing, semiarid

Major flood events recorded in the Holocene sedimentary sequence of the uplifted Ladiko and Makrisia basins near ancient Olympia (western Peloponnese, Greece)

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-195
Author(s):  
Andreas Vött ◽  
Timo Willershäuser ◽  
Björn R. Röbke ◽  
Lea Obrocki ◽  
Peter Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
Western Greece ◽  
Tsunami Event

Detailed palaeoenvironmental studies were conducted in the Ladiko and Makrisia basins near the Alpheios River and ancient Olympia (western Peloponnese, Greece) to assess major landscape changes during the Holocene. Previous studies and literature data document that the area experienced crust uplift of minimum 13 m to 30 m since the mid-Holocene. Geological archives were sampled along a vibracore transect connecting the Ladiko and Makrisia basins. Sediment cores were analyzed using sedimento-logical, geochemical and micropalaeontological methods. Geochronological reconstruction of major landscape changes is based on a set of 24 radiocarbon dates. Geophysical studies were carried out using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and Direct Push-Electrical Conductivity (DP-EC) measurements to detect stratigraphic changes and subsurface bedrock structures. The stratigraphic record of the uplifted lake basins of Ladiko and Makrisia revealed two major lithostratigraphic units. Unit I, predominantly composed of clay, silt and silty fine sand, reflects prevailing low-energy sedimentary conditions typical of quiescent (fluvio-)limnic waterbodies. Unit II is made out of fine to coarse sand and documents repeated interferences of unit I associated with abrupt and temporary high-energy flood type (= heft) events. We found signals of four different heft events (H1 to H4) showing strong stratigraphic and geochronological consistencies along the vibracore transect. The following age ranges were determined: H1 – between 4360 – 4330 cal BC and 4320 – 4080 cal BC; H2 – be- tween 2830 – 2500 cal BC and 2270 – 2140 cal BC; H3 – between 1220 –1280 cal AD and 1290 –1390 cal AD; H4 – between 1640 –1800 cal AD and 1650 –1800 cal AD. Different hypotheses concerning the characteristics, potential trigger mechanisms and causes of the flood events were tested against the background of strong Holocene crust uplift and using a variety of different methodological approaches: Geomorphological and granulometric aspects, micropalaeontological contexts, geochronological data sets, numerical simulation of flooding events, local tectonic uplift, and the palaeoclimate background were taken into account. We hypothesize that, during the mid-Holocene, the study area was affected by tsunami events, namely between 4360 – 4330 cal BC and 4320 – 4080 cal BC (H1) and between 2830 – 2500 cal BC and 2270 – 2140 cal BC (H2). These ages are very well consistent with the supra-regional and regional tsunami event signal retrieved from many coastal archives in large parts of western Greece. The timing of flood events H1 and H2 is highly consistent with ages of (supra-)regional tectonic events known from literature and is not consistent with increased flood indices of palaeoclimate data available for western Greece. Tsunami inundation scenarios based on numerical simulation are highly consistent with vibracoring and geophysical (ERT, DP-EC) data. In contrast, heft events H3 and H4 are possibly related to phases of increased precipi- tation and flooding activity in the Mediterranean or to land-based geomorphological processes triggered by regional tectonic events (RTE). Neolithic, Chalcolithic as well as Early and Middle Helladic human activities documented at ancient Olympia were most probably affected by tsunami heft events H1 and H2. Sandy deposits of tsunami event H2, covering the prehistorical tumulus, seem to have been used as a higher and dry base to construct the apsidal houses in the center of the later sanctuary at Olympia. The site, already abandoned, must have again been subject to major flood events during the 13/14th cent. AD and the 17–19th cent. AD associated with heft events H3 and H4.

The Paleoproterozoic Kombolgie Subgroup (1.8 Ga), McArthur Basin, Australia: Sequence stratigraphy, basin evolution, and unconformity-related uranium deposits following the Great Oxidation Event

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1049-1083
Author(s):  
Eric E. Hiatt ◽  
T. Kurtis Kyser ◽  
Paul A. Polito ◽  
Jim Marlatt ◽  
Peir Pufahl
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Uranium Mineralization ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Uranium Deposits ◽  
Burial Diagenesis ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Braided Rivers ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Regional Tectonic

ABSTRACT Proterozoic continental sedimentary basins contain a unique record of the evolving Earth in their sedimentology and stratigraphy and in the large-scale, redox-sensitive mineral deposits they host. The Paleoproterozoic (Stratherian) Kombolgie Basin, located on the Arnhem Land Plateau, Northern Territory, is an exceptionally well preserved, early part of the larger McArthur Basin in northern Australia. This intracratonic basin is filled with 1 to 2 km-thick, relatively undeformed, nearly flat-lying, siliciclastic rocks of the Kombolgie Subgroup. Numerous drill cores and outcrop exposures from across the basin allow sedimentary fabrics, structures, and stratigraphic relationships to be studied in great detail, providing an extensive stratigraphic framework and record of basin development and evolution. Tectonic events controlled the internal stratigraphic architecture of the basin and led to the formation of three unconformity-bounded sequences that are punctuated by volcanic events. The first sequence records the onset of basin formation and is comprised of coarse-grained sandstone and polymict lithic conglomerate deposited in proximal braided rivers that transported sediment away from basin margins and intra-basin paleohighs associated with major uranium mineralization. Paleo-currents in the upper half of this lower sequence, as well as those of overlying sequences, are directed southward and indicate that the major intra-basin topographic highs no longer existed. The middle sequence has a similar pattern of coarse-grained fluvial facies, followed by distal fluvial facies, and finally interbedded marine and eolian facies. An interval marked by mud-rich, fine-grained sandstones and mud-cracked siltstones representing tidal deposition tops this sequence. The uppermost sequence is dominated by distal fluvial and marine facies that contain halite casts, gypsum nodules, stromatolites, phosphate, and “glauconite” (a blue-green mica group mineral), indicating a marine transgression. The repeating pattern of stratigraphic sequences initiated by regional tectonic events produced well-defined coarse-grained diagenetic aquifers capped by intensely cemented distal fluvial, shoreface, eolian, and even volcanic units, and led to a well-defined heterogenous hydrostratigraphy. Basinal brines migrated within this hydrostratigraphy and, combined with paleotopography, dolerite intrusion, faulting, and intense burial diagenesis, led to the economically important uranium deposits the Kombolgie Basin hosts. Proterozoic sedimentary basins host many of Earth's largest high-grade iron and uranium deposits that formed in response to the initial oxygenation of the hydrosphere and atmosphere following the Great Oxygenation Event. Unconformity-related uranium mineralization like that found in the Kombolgie Basin highlights the interconnected role that oxygenation of the Earth, sedimentology, stratigraphy, and diagenesis played in creating these deposits.

Subsurface basement, structure, stratigraphy, and timing of regional tectonic events affecting the Guajira margin of northern Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. ST69-ST105
Author(s):  
Eleine Vence ◽  
Paul Mann
Keyword(s):  
Continental Margin ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Seismic Facies ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
Basin Formation ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Basement High ◽  
Marine Seismic ◽  
Sea Fan

We have combined previous data from Mesozoic-Cenozoic outcrops in the Guajira Peninsula of northern Colombia with regional gravity, bathymetric, and seismic interpretations to demonstrate the existence of a 280 km long western extension of the Great Arc of the Caribbean (GAC) along the continental margin of Colombia. Seismic data reveal an 80–100 km wide domal-shaped basement high that exhibits internal chaotic seismic facies. This elongate and domal-shaped structure extends 1800 km from the Aves Ridge in the Caribbean Sea to the study area in offshore Colombia. The western extension of the GAC in Colombia and western Venezuela is buried by 700–3000 m of continental margin sedimentary rocks as a result of the GAC colliding earlier with the Colombian margin (Cretaceous-early Paleogene collision) than its subaerially exposed eastern extension along the Leeward Antilles ridge (late Paleogene-Neogene). Our compilation of geologic information from the entire GAC reveals that GAC magmatism occurred from 128 to 74 Ma with magmatism ages progressively younger toward the east. Six upper Eocene to recent marine seismic sequences overlying the domal basement high of the GAC have been mapped by our analysis of 2400 km of seismic lines and 12 well logs. Based on subsurface mapping correlated with well-log information and onland geology in the Guajira Peninsula, these six sequences record four major deformational events: (1) late Eocene rifting in an east–west direction produced half-grabens in the northern part of the area, (2) Oligocene transtension in the southern part of the area expressed by right-lateral Oligocene strike-slip faulting and extensional basin formation, (3) early-middle Miocene transtension, and (4) late Miocene-early Pliocene Andean uplift accompanied by rapid erosion and clastic infilling of offshore basins by the Magdalena delta and deep-sea fan. The significance of this basin framework is discussed for known and inferred hydrocarbon systems.

scholarly journals Oblique reactivation of lithosphere-scale lineaments controls rift physiography – The upper crustal expression of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone, offshore southern Norway

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Phillips ◽  
Christopher A.-L. Jackson ◽  
Rebecca E. Bell ◽  
Oliver B. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Strike Slip ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Kinematic Evolution ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
Southern Norway

Abstract. Pre-existing structures within sub-crustal lithosphere may localise stresses during subsequent tectonic events, resulting in complex fault systems at upper crustal levels. As these sub-crustal structures are difficult to resolve at great depths, the evolution of kinematically and perhaps geometrically linked upper-crustal fault populations can offer insights into their deformation history, including when and how they reactivate and accommodate stresses during later tectonic events. In this study, we use borehole-constrained 2D and 3D seismic reflection data to investigate the structural development of the Farsund Basin, offshore southern Norway; this E-trending basin represents the upper crustal expression of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone, a major lithosphere-scale lineament extending >1000 km across Central Europe. The southern margin of the Farsund Basin is characterised by N-S and E-W-striking fault populations, the latter extending down through the Moho and potentially linking with the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone as imaged within sub-crustal lithosphere. Due to this geometric linkage, we can analyse the upper crustal fault populations to infer the kinematics of the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone. We use throw-length (T-x) analysis and fault displacement backstripping techniques to determine the geometric and kinematic evolution of upper-crustal fault populations during the multiphase evolution of the Farsund Basin. We document a period of sinistral strike-slip activity along E-W-striking faults during the Early Jurassic, representing a hitherto undocumented phase of activity along the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone. These E-W-striking upper-crustal faults are later obliquely reactivated under a dextral stress regime during the Early Cretaceous, with new faults also propagating away from pre-existing ones, representing a switch to a phase of dextral transtension along the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone. We show that the Sorgenfrei-Tornquist Zone represents a long-lived lithosphere-scale lineament that is periodically reactivated throughout its protracted geological history. The upper crustal component of the lineament is reactivated in a range of tectonic styles, including both sinistral and dextral strike-slip motions, with the geometry and kinematics of these faults often inconsistent with what may otherwise be inferred from regional tectonics alone. Understanding these different styles of reactivation not only allows us to better understand the influence of sub-crustal lithospheric structure on rifting, but also offers insights into the prevailing stress field during regional tectonic events.

scholarly journals Intensified aridity in the Qaidam Basin during the Middle Miocene: constraints from ostracod, stable isotope, and weathering records

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Song ◽  
Junliang Ji ◽  
Chaowen Wang ◽  
Yadong Xu ◽  
Kexin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Middle Miocene ◽  
Qaidam Basin ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
Climate Evolution

The thick and continuous Cenozoic successions in the Qaidam Basin provide an excellent paleoclimate archive. Here, we focus on the ostracod fauna, stable isotope records, and paleoweathering indices from a well-dated Cenozoic sedimentary section in the Qaidam Basin, to develop an understanding of Middle Miocene aridification in central Asia. Microfossil analyses suggest that the ostracod species diversity decreased suddenly after 13.3 Ma, and that the dominant ostracod genus shifted from Ilyocypris to Cyprideis. Stable isotope data from ostracod valves have displayed abrupt positive shifts of 3.75‰ in δ18O values and 5.28‰ in δ13C values since 13.3 Ma. The chemical index of weathering (CIW) and K2O/Na2O ratios decrease markedly after 13.3 Ma, reflecting a significant decrease in chemical weathering intensity. These combined and consistent observations suggest that the Qaidam Basin has experienced increased aridification since 13.3 Ma. The dating was obtained directly from previous magnetostratigraphic studies and can be correlated accurately with global climate evolution and regional tectonic events. A comparison of these results with global paleoclimatic records and previous geologic studies of the Tibetan Plateau revealed that global cooling, rather than uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, played a key role in the drying of the Qaidam Basin at approximately 13 Ma.

The sedimentary expression of regional tectonic events during the Miocene-Pliocene transition in the southern Cyprus basins

1989 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Orszag-Sperber ◽  
J. M. Rouchy ◽  
P. Elion
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Tectonic Stress ◽  
East Mediterranean ◽  
The South ◽  
Tectonic Event ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Southern Cyprus ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
East Mediterranean Region ◽  
Main Change

AbstractA well-known tectonic event affecting the East Mediterranean region, generally referred to as ‘the’ Miocene–Pliocene phase, occurs at, or near the Miocene–Pliocene boundary. Recent sedimentological studies in Cyprus indicate that this ‘event’, in fact, is complex. The Tortonian–Lower Pliocene period is marked by a stress involving an N20 extension in the Polemi and Pissouri basins and by an N100 extension in the Psematismenos basin. Sedimentological studies have demonstrated three tectonic pulsations during Messinian time, prior to the Pliocene transgression. These are expressed by two episodes of seismic brecciation, and a palaeo-emersion is indicated by palaeosols and detrital discharges. These phenomena suggest brief tectonic instability during Messinian time. Microtectonic studies in the South Troodos basins of Cyprus reveal that the main change in tectonic stress does not coincide with the Miocene–Pliocene contact but occurs at the end of Lower Pliocene time. The authors conclude that the so-called Miocene–Pliocene ‘event’, in reality, is a series of subtle tectonic pulsations recorded clearly by sedimentary parameters.

Applying Boundary Element Simulation to Generate Stress-Based Fracture Drivers: A Case Study for the Montney Unconventional Oil/Gas Play in Western Canada Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Cai ◽  
Craig Smith ◽  
John Cole ◽  
Chee Phuat Tan
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Element ◽  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Natural Fracture ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Fracture System ◽  
Tectonic Events ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Regional Tectonic ◽  
Stress Domains

Abstract Natural fracture distribution is critical to the hydrocarbon production from the Early Triassic Montney unconventional oil and gas play. The formation underwent several tectonic events, creating a unique natural fracture system. Identifying tectonic events and their stress field evolution is an import component in fracture system modeling and prediction. The objective of this paper is to identify the evolution of paleo-stress domains, to establish related tectonic models, and to generate the drivers for fracture network modeling which will aid in reservoir understanding and overall play development. Compared with other geomechanical approaches, the boundary element method (BEM) is better suited for the structural characteristics in the study area. Hence, the corresponding boundary element simulation (BES) was applied for the evolution of the paleo-stress domains. The methodology is a combination of 3D BEM and Monte Carlo simulations. The inputs include seismic interpreted faults and natural fractures from Formation Microimager logs. After applying the methodology, several best fit realizations were calculated, and the admissible paleo-stress domains were characterized by the tectonic models which are consistent with the regional tectonic evolution of the formation. The study area is about 400 km2 located at northeast British Columbia in the Western Canada Basin. The main structural features are the thrust and back-thrust faults, forming different fault blocks without any significant deformation structures. The Montney formation within the study area underwent several tectonic events: (1) regime of terrane collision, indentation and lateral escape during end of Middle Jurassic to Middle Cretaceous; (2) regime of left-lateral transpression dominated by strike-slip during end of Late Cretaceous and Paleocene; and (3) regime of right-lateral transtension dominated by strike-slip during end of Early and Middle Eocene which is maintained till present day. Three major stress domains were identified in the study area by the application of the BES method, one reverse event and two strike-slip events, representing paleo and present-day stress domains. These stress domains are consistent with the regional tectonic evolution history of the foreland basin. The stress field parameters, such as stress ratio and maximum horizontal stress azimuth, are consistent. The derived tectonic models are shown to be reliable drivers for the subsequent fracture modeling and geomechanics study.

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