The 1970 eruption on Deception Island (Antarctica): eruptive dynamics and implications for volcanic hazards

Geochemistry of volatiles in active volcanoes provides insights into the magmatic processes and evolution at depth, such as magma evolution and degassing, which can be implemented into volcanic hazards assessment. Deception Island is one of the most active volcanoes in Antarctica, with more than twenty explosive eruptions documented over the past two centuries. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic variations in the volatiles trapped in the Deception Island rocks (glass and melt inclusions in phenocrysts) provide essential information on the mechanisms controlling the eruptive history in this volcanic suite. Thus, understanding the petrological and related isotopic variations in the island, has the potential to foresee the possible occurrence and its main eruptive features of a future eruption.Information from hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes combined with detailed petrologic data reveal in Deception Island (i) fast ascent and quenching of most magmas, preserving pre-eruptive magmatic signal of water contents and isotopic ratios, with local modification by rehydration due to glass exposition to seawater, meteoric and fumarolic waters; (ii) a plumbing system(s) currently dominated by closed-system degassing leading to explosive eruptions; (iii) control on the interactions of ascending magmas with the surface waters producing hydrovolcanic activity throughout the two main fault systems in Deception Island. These results can be considered in further studies of volcanic monitoring to improve the capability to interpret geophysical data and signals recorded during volcanic unrest episodes, and hence, forecast volcanic eruptions and related hazards.This research was partially funded by the following projects: POSVOLDEC (CTM2016&#8208;79617&#8208;P) (AEI/FEDER&#8208;UE), VOLGASDEC (PGC2018-095693-B-I00) (AEI/FEDER&#8208;UE) and Programa Propio Ib-2019 (USAL). This research is also part of POLARCSIC activities.

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The 1969 subglacial eruption on Deception Island (Antarctica): events and processes during an eruption beneath a thin glacier and implications for volcanic hazards

Geological Society London Special Publications ◽

10.1144/gsl.sp.2002.202.01.04 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 202 (1) ◽

pp. 59-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

J. L. Smellie

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Hazards ◽

Deception Island

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Morphometric analysis of the post-caldera monogenetic volcanoes at Deception Island, Antarctica: implications for landform recognition and volcanic hazard assessment

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-1375 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dario Pedrazzi ◽

Gabor Kereszturi ◽

Stefania Schamuells ◽

Agustin Lobo ◽

Janina Calle

Keyword(s):

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Volcanic Hazard ◽

Volcanic Hazards ◽

Deception Island ◽

Water Interaction ◽

Geological Past ◽

On This Island ◽

Monogenetic Volcanoes ◽

Near Future ◽

First Time

Deception Island is one of the most active volcanoes in Antarctica, with more than 20 monogenetic eruptions during the Holocene. The latest episodes of 1967, 1969 and 1970 have shown that volcanic activity on Deception Island can become a concern for tourists, scientists, and military personnel working on or near the island.The objective of this work is, therefore to identify eruptive processes and the evolution of post-caldera volcanic edifices at Deception Island by morphometric analysis, supported by field observations. This methodology has been used since the 1970s to analyse mafic monogenetic volcanoes but it has not been fully developed until recently.Tuff cones and rings, as a result of magma-water interaction, represent the most common eruptive events occurring during Deception Island's recent geological past and are therefore the most likely to occur in the near future. This work provides an opportunity to incorporate for the first time at Deception Island geomorphological observations for a better comprehension of the potential evolution of a future eruption and for a broader understanding of volcanic hazards on this island.This research was supported by the MICINN grant CTM2011- 13578-E and was partially funded by the POSVOLDEC project (CTM2016-79617-P) (AEI/FEDER-UE). A.G. is grateful for her Ram&#243;n y Cajal contract (RYC-2012-11024). D.P. is grateful for his Beatriu de Pin&#243;s (2016 BP 00086) and Juan de la Cierva (IJCI-2016-30482) contracts. This research is part of POLARCSIC and AntVolc&#160;activities

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Near-real-time volcanic cloud monitoring: insights into global explosive volcanic eruptive activity through analysis of Volcanic Ash Advisories

Bulletin of Volcanology ◽

10.1007/s00445-020-01419-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

Author(s):

S. Engwell ◽

L. Mastin ◽

A. Tupper ◽

J. Kibler ◽

P. Acethorp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Volcanic Activity ◽

Volcanic Ash ◽

Source Parameters ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Volcanic Hazards ◽

Process Data ◽

Cloud Monitoring ◽

Satellite Sensors ◽

Volcanic Cloud

AbstractUnderstanding the location, intensity, and likely duration of volcanic hazards is key to reducing risk from volcanic eruptions. Here, we use a novel near-real-time dataset comprising Volcanic Ash Advisories (VAAs) issued over 10 years to investigate global rates and durations of explosive volcanic activity. The VAAs were collected from the nine Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAACs) worldwide. Information extracted allowed analysis of the frequency and type of explosive behaviour, including analysis of key eruption source parameters (ESPs) such as volcanic cloud height and duration. The results reflect changes in the VAA reporting process, data sources, and volcanic activity through time. The data show an increase in the number of VAAs issued since 2015 that cannot be directly correlated to an increase in volcanic activity. Instead, many represent increased observations, including improved capability to detect low- to mid-level volcanic clouds (FL101–FL200, 3–6 km asl), by higher temporal, spatial, and spectral resolution satellite sensors. Comparison of ESP data extracted from the VAAs with the Mastin et al. (J Volcanol Geotherm Res 186:10–21, 2009a) database shows that traditional assumptions used in the classification of volcanoes could be much simplified for operational use. The analysis highlights the VAA data as an exceptional resource documenting global volcanic activity on timescales that complement more widely used eruption datasets.

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Exploring the plant environmental DNA diversity in soil from two sites on Deception Island (Antarctica, South Shetland Islands) using metabarcoding

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102021000274 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Micheline Carvalho-Silva ◽

Luiz Henrique Rosa ◽

Otávio H.B. Pinto ◽

Thamar Holanda Da Silva ◽

Diego Knop Henriques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Crater Lake ◽

Environmental Dna ◽

Food Sources ◽

South Shetland Islands ◽

Deception Island ◽

Shetland Islands ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units ◽

First Time ◽

Impacted Site

Abstract The few Antarctic studies to date to have applied metabarcoding in Antarctica have primarily focused on microorganisms. In this study, for the first time, we apply high-throughput sequencing of environmental DNA to investigate the diversity of Embryophyta (Viridiplantae) DNA present in soil samples from two contrasting locations on Deception Island. The first was a relatively undisturbed site within an Antarctic Specially Protected Area at Crater Lake, and the second was a heavily human-impacted site in Whalers Bay. In samples obtained at Crater Lake, 84% of DNA reads represented fungi, 14% represented Chlorophyta and 2% represented Streptophyta, while at Whalers Bay, 79% of reads represented fungi, 20% represented Chlorophyta and < 1% represented Streptophyta, with ~1% of reads being unassigned. Among the Embryophyta we found 16 plant operational taxonomic units from three Divisions, including one Marchantiophyta, eight Bryophyta and seven Magnoliophyta. Sequences of six taxa were detected at both sampling sites, eight only at Whalers Bay and two only at Crater Lake. All of the Magnoliophyta sequences (flowering plants) represent species that are exotic to Antarctica, with most being plausibly linked to human food sources originating from local national research operator and tourism facilities.

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Submarine lava deltas of the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea volcano

Bulletin of Volcanology ◽

10.1007/s00445-020-01424-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

Author(s):

S. Adam Soule ◽

Michael Zoeller ◽

Carolyn Parcheta

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Pore Pressure ◽

Mechanistic Model ◽

Large Fraction ◽

Volcanic Hazards ◽

Lava Flows ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Fine Grain ◽

Delta Formation

AbstractHawaiian and other ocean island lava flows that reach the coastline can deposit significant volumes of lava in submarine deltas. The catastrophic collapse of these deltas represents one of the most significant, but least predictable, volcanic hazards at ocean islands. The volume of lava deposited below sea level in delta-forming eruptions and the mechanisms of delta construction and destruction are rarely documented. Here, we report on bathymetric surveys and ROV observations following the Kīlauea 2018 eruption that, along with a comparison to the deltas formed at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō over the past decade, provide new insight into delta formation. Bathymetric differencing reveals that the 2018 deltas contain more than half of the total volume of lava erupted. In addition, we find that the 2018 deltas are comprised largely of coarse-grained volcanic breccias and intact lava flows, which contrast with those at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō that contain a large fraction of fine-grained hyaloclastite. We attribute this difference to less efficient fragmentation of the 2018 ‘a‘ā flows leading to fragmentation by collapse rather than hydrovolcanic explosion. We suggest a mechanistic model where the characteristic grain size influences the form and stability of the delta with fine grain size deltas (Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō) experiencing larger landslides with greater run-out supported by increased pore pressure and with coarse grain size deltas (Kīlauea 2018) experiencing smaller landslides that quickly stop as the pore pressure rapidly dissipates. This difference, if validated for other lava deltas, would provide a means to assess potential delta stability in future eruptions.

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