Radiocarbon dating of a composite multi-period debris cone stratigraphy in the Lochan na Lairige, Ben Lawers

2021 ◽  
pp. sjg2021-008
Author(s):  
Richard Tipping
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Effective Precipitation ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Blanket Peat ◽  
Debris Cone

An early stage in formation of a composite debris cone in the glacial trough of the Lochan na Lairige, on Ben Lawers, is 14C dated to 6398–6225 cal BP. A large proportion of the fan comprises a structureless gravel with boulders, possibly deposited in a single event. Blanket peat formed on the fan surface at 3820–3496 cal BP. Sediment slurries are recorded across the peat after this time, at c. 3950 to c. 3100 cal BP, c. 2000 and c. 1400 cal BP, and at c. 1200 to c. 1100 cal BP. They were much less significant events. They can be related to periods of higher effective precipitation in the region.

Another Way of Early Pottery Distribution in Eastern Europe? Case Study of the Pezmog 4 Site, European Far Northeast

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor N Karmanov ◽  
Natalia E Zaretskaya ◽  
Alexander V Volokitin
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Early Pottery

A case study of the Neolithic comb ceramic site Pezmog 4 of the Kama culture presents a situation when results of radiocarbon dating change long-existing concepts concerning the development of archaeological events. Until the early 2000s, the chronology of the Kama culture, distributed mainly in the Kama and Vychegda River basins, has been based on comparative-typological analysis. Estimates of the age of this culture changed from the 3rd millennium BC in the 1950s to the 1st half of the 4th millennium BC by the 1990s. Research concerning the Pezmog 4 site in the central Vychegda River basin in 1999–2002 has abruptly changed this chronological understanding. The data obtained put the age of the early stage of Kama culture within the time range 5750–5620 cal BC and allowed us to propose the existence of another way of early pottery distribution in the forest zone of eastern Europe at the beginning of the 6th millennium BC. This innovation probably penetrated from the trans-Ural region.

The Ishkinino Bronze Age Mining Complex in the Southern Urals: Radiocarbon Dating

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
V. V. Tkachev
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Buried Soils ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Mine Dumps ◽  
Relative Chronology ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequences

This article presents the results of radiocarbon dating of buried soils beneath the dumps of ancient mines in the Ishkinino cobalt and copper pyrite deposit area, in the Southern Urals. The conserved upper horizons of stratigraphic sequences underlying the dumps of four mines were subjected to radiocarbon analysis. For comparison, samples from Bronze Age sites in the same area were used. Chronological ranges of the Yamnaya, Sintashta, and Kozhumberdy cultures were evaluated. Calibrated intervals of the buried soils from the Ishkinino mines show a good agreement with respective intervals relating to human and animal bones from nearby Bronze Age cemeteries and settlements. The early stage of the mines (2200–1840 BC) correlates with the Sintashta culture. Most geological and archaeological features at Ishkinino date to 1780–1130 BC, same as the Kozhumberdy settlement and cemeteries, representing the Alakul tradition. As the results suggest, radiocarbon dating of buried soils underlying the mine dumps is relevant to absolute and relative chronology of ancient mining, especially when archaeological contexts are of little help.

The Social Construction of Events: A Study of Institutional Change in the Photographic Field

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal A. Munir
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Change Process ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
New Organizational Forms ◽  
The Social

Institutional theorists have recently been moving towards a notion that non-isomorphic institutional change is precipitated by significant events or ‘jolts’. In this paper, we argue that in doing so theorists have tended to move away from the social constructivist roots of institutional theory towards an understanding which implies the emergence of new organizational forms or practices in response to functional imperatives. In this context, we examine the ongoing institutional change from photography to digital imaging. Our analysis suggests that attributing institutional change to a single event or ‘jolt’ leads to a flawed understanding of institutional change processes. We demonstrate that, rather than causing institutional change, events are a part of the change process, and only become significant as actors bring them to our notice and ‘theorize’ around them (Greenwood et al. 2002). This social construction process determines the scope, significance and relevance of events, leading to the development of new artifacts and the enrolment of new stakeholders in the field. Situating events within the theorization process, rather than outside it, underlines the importance of focusing on social construction processes in accounts of institutional change.

Studies in the vegetational history of Scotland IV. Pine stumps in Scottish blanket peats

1975 ◽  
Vol 270 (905) ◽  
pp. 181-226 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Pollen Diagrams ◽  
Blanket Peat ◽  
History Of ◽  
Peat Stratigraphy

The palaeoecology of six Scottish blanket peat profiles containing pine stumps was investigated by means of peat stratigraphy, pollen analysis, and radiocarbon dating. In addition, several other pine and birch remains from peat in other areas of Scotland were radiocarbon dated. Three peat profiles were selected in each of two contrasting regions. The Cairngorm area is within the distributional area of native pine today and pollen analysis has shown that pine has been a major component of the upland forest since about 7000 b.p. The Galloway region in southwest Scotland is south of the native pine area, and pollen analysis has shown that pine has never been a major component of the upland forest. Despite the limitations of the methods used, it has been established that there were several different circumstances for the growth and death of the pines studied, and that their ages are asynchronous within and between the two areas. Thus little regional climatic significance can be assumed from their occurrence, and they cannot be taken as evidence in support of dry Boreal and sub-Boreal periods in the Blytt and Sernander climatic scheme. In the northwest Highlands dates from pine stumps and major declines of pollen in pollen diagrams are consistently around 4000 b.p. This overall demise of pine may have a regional climatic cause in this area.

Another Way of Early Pottery Distribution in Eastern Europe? Case Study of the Pezmog 4 Site, European Far Northeast

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (02) ◽  
pp. 733-741
Author(s):  
Victor N Karmanov ◽  
Natalia E Zaretskaya ◽  
Alexander V Volokitin
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Early Pottery

A case study of the Neolithic comb ceramic site Pezmog 4 of the Kama culture presents a situation when results of radiocarbon dating change long-existing concepts concerning the development of archaeological events. Until the early 2000s, the chronology of the Kama culture, distributed mainly in the Kama and Vychegda River basins, has been based on comparative-typological analysis. Estimates of the age of this culture changed from the 3rd millennium BC in the 1950s to the 1st half of the 4th millennium BC by the 1990s. Research concerning the Pezmog 4 site in the central Vychegda River basin in 1999–2002 has abruptly changed this chronological understanding. The data obtained put the age of the early stage of Kama culture within the time range 5750–5620 cal BC and allowed us to propose the existence of another way of early pottery distribution in the forest zone of eastern Europe at the beginning of the 6th millennium BC. This innovation probably penetrated from the trans-Ural region.

scholarly journals Nondestructive Radiocarbon Dating: Naturally Mummified Infant Bundle from SW Texas

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Steelman ◽  
Marvin W. Rowe ◽  
Solveig A. Turpin ◽  
Tom Guilderson ◽  
Laura Nightengale
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Plasma Oxidation ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Organic Contamination ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
River Region ◽  
Wooden Stick ◽  
Lower Pecos

Plasma oxidation was used to obtain radiocarbon dates on six different materials from a naturally mummified baby bundle from the Lower Pecos River region of southwest Texas. This bundle was selected because it was thought to represent a single event and would illustrate the accuracy and precision of the plasma oxidation method. Five of the materials were clearly components of the original bundle with 13 dates combined to yield a weighted average of 2135 ±11 B.P. Six dates from a wooden stick of Desert Ash averaged 939 ± 14 B.P, indicating that this artifact was not part of the original burial. Plasma oxidation is shown to be a virtually nondestructive alternative to combustion. Because only sub-milligram amounts of material are removed from an artifact over its exposed surface, no visible change in fragile materials has been observed, even under magnification. The method is best applied when natural organic contamination is unlikely and serious consideration of this issue is needed in all cases. If organic contamination is present, it will have to be removed before plasma oxidation to obtain accurate radiocarbon dates.

Alterations in the number of motoneurons containing immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)& choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) in the cervical spinal cord of the wobbler mouse during the development of the motoneuron disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 970-971
Author(s):  
L. Vacca-Galloway ◽  
Y.Q. Zhang ◽  
P. Bose ◽  
S.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Wobbler Mouse ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1

The Wobbler mouse (wr) has been studied as a model for inherited human motoneuron diseases (MNDs). Using behavioral tests for forelimb power, walking, climbing, and the “clasp-like reflex” response, the progress of the MND can be categorized into early (Stage 1, age 21 days) and late (Stage 4, age 3 months) stages. Age-and sex-matched normal phenotype littermates (NFR/wr) were used as controls (Stage 0), as well as mice from two related wild-type mouse strains: NFR/N and a C57BI/6N. Using behavioral tests, we also detected pre-symptomatic Wobblers at postnatal ages 7 and 14 days. The mice were anesthetized and perfusion-fixed for immunocytochemical (ICC) of CGRP and ChAT in the spinal cord (C3 to C5).Using computerized morphomety (Vidas, Zeiss), the numbers of IR-CGRP labelled motoneurons were significantly lower in 14 day old Wobbler specimens compared with the controls (Fig. 1). The same trend was observed at 21 days (Stage 1) and 3 months (Stage 4). The IR-CGRP-containing motoneurons in the Wobbler specimens declined progressively with age.

Automated high-resolution microscopy: the approaches so far

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
W. O. Saxton
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Automatic Recording ◽  
Microprocessor Control ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Electron Image ◽  
Complete Automation ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
High Resolution Microscopy

Recent commercial microscopes with internal microprocessor control of all major functions have already demonstrated some of the benefits anticipated from such systems, such as continuous magnification, rotation-free diffraction and magnification, automatic recording of mutually registered focal series, and fewer control knobs. Complete automation of the focusing, stigmating and alignment of a high resolution microscope, allowing focal series to be recorded at preselected focus values as well, is still imminent rather than accomplished, however; some kind of image pick-up and analysis system, fed with the electron image via a TV camera, is clearly essential for this, but several alternative systems and algorithms are still being explored. This paper reviews the options critically in turn, and stresses the need to consider alignment and focusing at an early stage, and not merely as an optional extension to a basic proposal.

Direct observation of Fe-Al-Zn ternary intermetallic compound and its transformation during the early stage of hot-dip galvanizing

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1116-1117
Author(s):  
C. S. Lin ◽  
W. A. Chiou ◽  
M. Meshii
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Zinc Bath ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Solid Iron ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Ternary Intermetallic Compound

The galvannealed steel sheets have received ever increased attention because of their excellent post-painting corrosion resistance and good weldability. However, its powdering and flaking tendency during press forming processes strongly impairs its performance. In order to optimize the properties of galvanneal coatings, it is critical to control the reaction rate between solid iron and molten zinc.In commercial galvannealing line, aluminum is added to zinc bath to retard the diffusion rate between iron and zinc by the formation of a thin layer of Al intermetallic compound on the surface of steel at initial hot-dip galvanizing. However, the form of this compound and its transformation are still speculated. In this paper, we report the direct observations of this compound and its transformation.The specimens were prepared in a hot-dip simulator in which the steel was galvanized in the zinc bath containing 0.14 wt% of Al at a temperature of 480 °C for 5 seconds and was quenched by liquid nitrogen.

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