About this title - Active Volcanoes of China

10.1144/sp510 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 510 (1) ◽  
pp. NP-NP
Author(s):  
J. Xu ◽  
C. Oppenheimer ◽  
J. Hammond ◽  
H. Wei
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
International Community ◽  
Volcano Monitoring ◽  
Volcanic Unrest ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Special Publication ◽  
Mitigation Planning ◽  
Recent Activity ◽  
First Time

China is home to more than a dozen volcanoes that have erupted during the Holocene. Recent activity, such as the eruption of Ashikule in 1951 and unrest of Changbaishan during 2002–05, highlights the potential for future volcanic unrest and eruptions in the country. In 1999, a National Volcano Monitoring Network was established, inaugurating a programme of research and surveillance to understand the history and activity of China's volcanoes. Much progress has been made since, advancing understanding in the areas of geology, geochemistry and geophysics, and supporting hazard mitigation planning. This Special Publication reports the wide-ranging outcomes of this work for the first time to the international community.

scholarly journals Nicaraguan volcanic monitoring program of the Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales

Volcanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. 161-181
Author(s):  
Eveling Espinoza ◽  
José Armando Saballos Peréz ◽  
Martha Navarro Collado ◽  
Virginia Tenorio Bellanger ◽  
Teresita Olivares Loaisiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lava Lake ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Volcano Monitoring ◽  
Volcanic Monitoring ◽  
Scientific Personnel ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
La Red ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time

The Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (INETER) is the institution responsible for volcano monitoring in Nicaragua. The Volcanology Division of the General Directorate of Geology and Geophysics currently monitors six active volcanoes by means of seismology, gas measurements, optical webcams, and visual and satellite observations. The volcano monitoring network that INETER maintains is in continuous expansion and modernization. Similarly, the number of technical and scientific personnel has been growing in the last few years. 2015 was the busiest year of the last two decades: Momotombo volcano erupted for the first time in 110 years, a lava lake was emplaced at the bottom of Masaya volcano’s Santiago crater, and Telica volcano experienced a phreatic phase from May to November. Although we have increased our monitoring capabilities, we still have many challenges for the near future that we expect to resolve with support from the national and international geoscientific community. El Instituto Nicaragüense de Estudios Territoriales (INETER) es la institución responsable de la vigilancia volcánica en Nicaragua. Su División de Vulcanología actualmente vigila seis volcanes activos por medio de sismicidad, emisiones de gases, cámaras ópticas, observaciones visuales y teledetección satelital. La red de monitoreo de volcanes que mantiene INETER está en continua expansión y modernización. Del mismo modo, el número de personal técnico y científico ha estado creciendo en los últimos años. El año 2015 fue el año más ocupado que tuvimos en las últimas dos décadas, debido a que el volcán Momotombo entró en erupción por primera vez en los últimos 110 años, se emplazó un lago de lava en el fondo del cráter Santiago (volcán Masaya), y el volcán Telica experimentó una fase freática de mayo a noviembre. A pesar del progreso realizado, todavía tenemos muchos desafíos para el futuro cercano que esperamos lograr con los recursos nacionales y de la comunidad geocientífica internacional.

scholarly journals Observations on Palaeogeographical Evolution of Akrotiri Salt Lake, Lemesos, Cyprus

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Miltiadis Polidorou ◽  
Niki Evelpidou ◽  
Theodora Tsourou ◽  
Hara Drinia ◽  
Ferréol Salomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Holocene Sediment ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

Akrotiri Salt Lake is located 5 km west of the city of Lemesos in the southernmost part of the island of Cyprus. The evolution of the Akrotiri Salt Lake is of great scientific interest, occurring during the Holocene when eustatic and isostatic movements combined with local active tectonics and climate change developed a unique geomorphological environment. The Salt Lake today is a closed lagoon, which is depicted in Venetian maps as being connected to the sea, provides evidence of the geological setting and landscape evolution of the area. In this study, for the first time, we investigated the development of the Akrotiri Salt Lake through a series of three cores which penetrated the Holocene sediment sequence. Sedimentological and micropaleontological analyses, as well as geochronological studies were performed on the deposited sediments, identifying the complexity of the evolution of the Salt Lake and the progressive change of the area from a maritime space to an open bay and finally to a closed salt lake.

scholarly journals Sea-level fluctuations and coastal evolution in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO WAGNER A. CASTRO ◽  
KENITIRO SUGUIO ◽  
JOSÉ C.S. SEOANE ◽  
ALINE M. DA CUNHA ◽  
FABIO F. DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Evolution ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
First Time

The present paper aims to investigate the relative sea-level and the coastal evolution during the Holocene in the Rio de Janeiro coastline, based on geological and biological indicators. Using topographic survey, excavation and coring, and 14C dating of these coastal deposits and beachrocks outcrops, we have reconstructed a sea-level curve for the Holocene. For the first time on the Brazilian coast it was identified a negative record of relative sea-level during Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene transition. After the transition, a relatively rapid increase of sea-level began. At approximately at 8500 cal yr BP, the sea-level was 0.5 m below the current level, was overtaken for the first time in the Holocene, at approximately 7500 cal yr BP. The maximum level of +2.5 m was reached between 4770 and 4490 cal yr BP. At the point of maximum transgression, the sea-level began a general behavior of lowering until the present. These results confirm other data already obtained elsewhere along the Atlantic coast of South America. The results of this study are consistent with previous researches and they help to refine the Holocene sea-level record along the Brazilian coast.

scholarly journals Level of relics in high-mountain flora of isolated Fisht-Oshten Massif and Chernomorskaya Chain

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
I. N. Timukhin ◽  
B. S. Tuniyev
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
The West ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Alpine Species ◽  
High Level ◽  
First Time ◽  
Relic Species

For the first time the level of relics of the high-mountain flora of the northwestern edge of the highlands of the Caucasus has been established. The Fisht-Oshten Massif and the Black Sea Chain have a uniquely high level of relics - 51.0% (617 species), with a predominance of Tertiary-relic species - Rt - 41.2% (498 species). The second largest representation is a group of Holocene relics - Rx - 7.3% (88 species), the minimum represented Pleistocene relics - Rg - 2.5% (31 species). The relic level of alpine species is one of the highest in the Caucasus and is 52.8% (338 species). Alpine species also have predominance of Pliocene relics - 46.7% (299 species), the number of glacial relics is 2.5% (16 species), the share of xerothermic relics - 3.6% (23 species). In the preservation of relic species revealed general trends, depending on the remoteness of local flora from the main diaspora on the Fisht-Oshten Massif and the modern area of the meadow belt. These trends persist in Tertiary relics, while other patterns are observed for glacial and Holocene relics. The number of glacial relics fades to the west, most clearly it can be seen in alpine species. The number of Holocene relics as much as possible on the edge areas (Fisht-Oshten Massif and Mt. Semashkho) and minimally on the central peaks of the Black Sea Chain, where the Holocene expansion of xerophyte plants was insignificant.

The United Nations and Antarctica, 1994: the restoration of consensus?

Polar Record ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (179) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Beck
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Major Change ◽  
International Community ◽  
Consensus Approach ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACTThe twelfth successive UN session on the ‘Question of Antarctica,’ held at the close of 1994, saw a major change of direction. One brief session of the First Committee, followed by the General Assembly's adoption of resolution A49/80 without a vote, signified the restoration of a consensus approach towards the ‘Question of Antarctica’ for the first time since 1985. Resolution A49/80 stressed the need for Antarctic Treaty Parties (ATPs) to meet commitments undertaken at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, and particularly to continue providing the wider international community with information about Antarctic developments. The ‘Question of Antarctica’ will not be placed on the UN agenda again until 1996, thereby breaking the sequence of annual UN discussions started in 1983. On the surface, consensus was restored, but it is debatable how far the outcome represented merely a papering over of the cracks rather than the basis for an enduring solution to the problems dividing ATPs and their critics. The key point at issue remains the nature and extent of the UN's future role in Antarctic affairs, particularly as ATPs will only accept a limited UN role performed within the context of the Antarctic Treaty System.

Hazard Mitigation Planning

2021 ◽  
pp. 296-332
Author(s):  
Dylan Sandler ◽  
Anna K. Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Planning

Groundwater and soil CO2 efflux weekly monitoring network for the surveillance of Cumbre Vieja volcano, Canary Islands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Amonte ◽  
Alana Mulliss ◽  
Elizabeth Sampson ◽  
Alba Martín-Lorenzo ◽  
Claudia Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Volcano Monitoring ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Cumbre Vieja

<p>La Palma Island (708.32 km<sup>2</sup>) is located at the north-western end of the Canary Archipelago and is one of the youngest of the archipelago. In the last 123 ka, volcanic activity has taken place exclusively at Cumbre Vieja, the most active basaltic volcano in the Canaries, which is located at the southern part of the island. Since no visible geothermal manifestations occur at the surface environment of this volcano, during the last 20 years there has been considerable interest in the study of diffuse degassing as a powerful tool in the volcano monitoring program. In this study we have used two different geochemical approaches for volcano monitoring from October 2017 to November 2019. First, we have developed a network of 21 closed static chambers to determine soil CO<sub>2</sub> effluxes. Additionally, we have monitored physical-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity -EC-) and chemical/isotopic composition and dissolved gases in the water of two galleries (Peña Horeb and Trasvase Oeste) and one water well (Las Salinas). Soil CO<sub>2</sub> effluxes for the alkaline traps showed an average value of 7.4 g·m<sup>-2</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup> for the entire Cumbre Vieja volcano. The gas sampled on the head space of the traps can be considered as CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched air, showing an average value of 1,942 ppmV of CO<sub>2</sub>. Regarding the CO<sub>2</sub> isotopic composition (δ<sup>13</sup>C-CO<sub>2</sub>), most of the stations exhibited CO<sub>2</sub> composed by different mixing degrees between atmospheric and biogenic CO<sub>2</sub> with slight contributions of deep-seated CO<sub>2</sub>, with an average value of -19.3‰. The results of the physical-chemical parameters measured in waters showed mean temperature values of 23.7ºC, 19.6ºC and 22.1ºC, 7.40, 6.27 and 6.60 for the pH and 1,710 µS·cm<sup>-1</sup>, 411 µS·cm<sup>-1</sup> and 41,100 µS·cm<sup>-1</sup> for the EC, for Peña Horeb, Trasvase Oeste and Las Salinas, respectively. The δ<sup>13</sup>C-CO<sub>2</sub> composition of the dissolved gas has a mean value of -7.8‰, -10.2‰ and -3.8‰ vs. VPDB for Peña Horeb, Trasvase Oeste and Salinas, respectively. The highest values of CO<sub>2</sub> efflux coincided with the stations showing highest CO<sub>2</sub> concentration values located at the southern end of Cumbre Vieja, where the most recent volcanic eruption took place, and also on the northwest flank. This is in accordance with the results obtained for Las Salinas well, located in the south of the island, which show a high concentration of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> and δ<sup>13</sup>C-CO<sub>2</sub> values with a strong deep-seated CO<sub>2</sub> contribution. This study represents an interesting contribution to detect early warning signals of future unrest episodes at Cumbre Vieja.</p>

"The Islamic State": from Terrorism to Genocide

10.12737/6587 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Самвел Кочои ◽  
Samvyel Kochoi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Community ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Terrorist Organization ◽  
Terrorist Acts ◽  
Available Information ◽  
First Time

The first time in Russian legal science discusses the crimes committed by the terrorist organization “Islamic State / Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant” (IS/ISIL), against minority communities — Yazidis in Iraq. Based on the analysis of available information (reports of the UN and other international organizations, publications in Russian and foreign mass media) is substantiated conclusion about the presence of elements of the genocide in the acts of the members of the IS/ISIL. It is emphasized that the international community faced genocide, which was committed organization recognized as a terrorist. Invited to take coordinated by the international community measures to deprivation of members of the IS/ISIL freedom of movement between States and to prevent they commit terrorist acts on his return to the States, natives or citizens whom they represent.

scholarly journals Of Meuse and Man: the geomorphogenetic and archaeological predictive maps of the Dutch Meuse valley

2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F.B. Isarin ◽  
E. Rensink ◽  
G.R. Ellenkamp ◽  
E. Heunks
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The North ◽  
Aeolian Geomorphology ◽  
Landscape Processes ◽  
Cultural Themes ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

AbstractFor the first time, geomorphology and archaeology are combined for a 165 km long stretch of the Meuse river, resulting in a geomorphogenetic map (GKM) and a series of archaeological predictive maps (AVM). The maps cover the central part the Meuse valley, located in the province of Limburg between Mook in the north and Eijsden in the south. The area consists of fluvial and aeolian landforms of the Holocene Meuse floodplain and Younger Dryas aged terraces along it, spanning a period of approximately 15,000 years of landscape genesis and human habitation. The GKM more clearly discriminates between map units of Younger Dryas and early Holocene age than in previous mappings of the Meuse valley. The AVM series provide predictive information on the location of sites for four distinct consecutive archaeological periods and four main cultural themes. The maps contribute to a better understanding of landscape processes (fluvial and aeolian geomorphology and the impact of man on river behaviour), and the possibilities for human habitation and land use in prehistoric and historic times.

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