Morphology and Late Pleistocene-Holocene Sedimentation of the Strait of İstanbul (Bosphorus): A review

2021 ◽  
pp. SP523-2021-48
Author(s):  
M. Namık Çağatay ◽  
K. Kadir Eriş ◽  
Zeynep Erdem
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Submarine Fan ◽  
Sedimentary Succession ◽  
Muddy Sediments ◽  
Lacustrine Facies ◽  
Irregular Topography

AbstractThe Bosphorus (Istanbul Strait) is natural strait that connects the Black Sea with the Aegean Sea via the Sea of Marmara and Dardanelles Strait. It is a 31 km long and 3.5 km wide winding channel, with an irregular bottom morphology. It has depressions up to -110 m deep, and two sills with depths of -35 and -58 m in the south and north, respectively.Presently, a two-layer water exchange exists through the strait, with the Mediterranean and Black Sea waters forming the lower and upper layers, respectively. The Bosphorus channel extends as shelf valleys on the Black Sea and Sea of Marmara shelves. However, it operated as a river valley or an estuary during the stadial low-stand periods.The infill sedimentary succession of the Bosphorus channel is up to ∼100 m thick above the Palaeozoic-Cretaceous basement with an irregular topography. The oldest sediments are sandy to muddy fluvial-lacustrine facies of late Pleistocene age, which are preserved only in up to -160 m-deep scoured depressions of the basement. They are overlain by mid-late Holocene estuarine-marine shelly sandy to muddy sediments with patches of bioherms and shelly lag deposits.The Bosphorus outlet areas of the Black Sea and Sea of Marmara are characterized by a submarine fan and a shelf valley, respectively. The fan system in the Black Sea started depositing ∼900 yr after the initial vigorous marine water incursion at ∼8.4 14C kyr BP. On the Marmara shelf, extension of the Bosphorus channel is a sinuous shelf valley with a channel-leveé complex, which was deposited by the Black Sea outflow during the 11-10 14C kyr BP. Catastrophic floodings of the Sea of Marmara by torrential Black Sea outflows during the Greenland Interstadial melt water pulses, as well as the strong Mediterranean current towards the Black Sea during the interglacial periods, were responsible for carving the Bosphorus channel and the shelf valleys, as well as removing the sediments belonging to the earlier periods.

scholarly journals New Information on the Hosts and Distribution of the Marine Fish Leeches Trachelobdella Lubrica and Pontobdella Muricata (Clitellata, Hirudinida)

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. e-33-e-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Öktener ◽  
S. Utevsky
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
New Information ◽  
Thornback Ray ◽  
Labrus Bergylta ◽  
First Time

New Information on the Hosts and Distribution of the Marine Fish LeechesTrachelobdella LubricaandPontobdella Muricata(Clitellata, Hirudinida)Fish leeches collected in the Aegean Sea, the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea were examined.Trachelobdella lubrica(Grube, 1840) was recorded for the first time from the ballan wrasseLabrus bergylta(Osteichthyes, Labridae), marine breamDiplodus vulgaris(Osteichthyes, Sparidae) and the grouperEpinephelus aeneus(Osteichthyes, Serranidae) from aquiculture. The leeches of this species were found in the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara on the body surface, in the mouth and gill cavities of their hosts. Leeches identified asPontobdella muricata(Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from the thornback rayRaja clavata(Chondrichthyes, Rajidae) in the Black Sea.

scholarly journals A Review of the Marine Crab Fisheries in the Turkish Seas

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzaffer Mustafa Harlıoğlu ◽  
Ardavan Farhadi ◽  
Abdullah Suat Ateş
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Callinectes Sapidus ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Brachyuran Crab ◽  
Portunus Segnis ◽  
Conservation And Management

Abstract The paper presents a review of the distribution of marine crabs (Brachyura) along the Turkish coast and the amount of economically important marine crabs harvested between 1967 and 2016. Previous records reported that Turkey had 102 brachyuran crab species, only five of them being economically important, but this review identifies two more species, Inachus phalangium and Ashtoret lunaris. The Aegean Sea has more crab species than the Mediterranean, the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara. The most harvested species are Callinectes sapidus, Maja squinado, Eriphia verrucosa, Carcinus aestuarii and Portunus segnis, respectively. This review shows that there have been fluctuations in the harvest of marine crabs between years, the lowest being 5 tonnes in 2015 and the highest, 2116 tonnes in 1984. The information provided in this review provides a basis for potential profitable development of conservation and management strategies of marine crabs in Turkey.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence between the scad subspecies Trachurus Mediterraneus (Carangidae, pisces) from the Black Sea and the Mediterranean

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S. DOBROVOLOV
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Large Form ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

Analysis of myogen and eleven enzymes (AAT, ADH, EST, GPI, IDHP, LDH, MDH, MEP, PGDH, PGM and SOD) were carried out by using starch gel and isoelectric focusing electrophoresis on thinlayer and ultrathin polyacrylamide ampholine and servalite gels in scad species from the Black Sea, the Sea of Marmara, the Aegean Sea, and the Mediterranean. Data from electrophoretic investigations was used to clarify the population structure of the scad migrating in the Bulgarian aquatory of the Black Sea and consisting of two main subpopulations: a) a "Black Sea" one hibernating in this sea only, and b) a "Sea of Marmara" one hibernating in that sea and contiguous Black Sea regions around the Bosporus. Non-specific muscular esterases were used, because they were appropriate for identification of both subspecies: Trachurus mediterraneus ponticus Aleev and Tr.m.mediterraneus Steindachner. Nei's genetic distance (D=0,0113) was used as an indication of their isolation dated back to the Carangate Period. An attempt was made to check the hypothesis of the origin of "large" ("giant") scad in the Black Sea as a result of the heterozygotic interbreeding between Tr.m.ponticus Aleev and Tr.m.mediterraneus Steindachner. A new allele Est-1E as well as the previously known alleles Est-1A and Est-1-B, were found in Mediterranean scad Tr.m.mediterraneus caught off Nice (France). It's proposed that the presence of the large form of large scat in this area is also a consequence of the heterozytic efect from the interbreeding between a population marked by Est-1-A and Est-1-B and a population marked by Est-1-E, probably inhabiting the waters around Gibraltar in the Atlantic Ocean.

scholarly journals Alien species on the coasts of Turkey

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.E. CINAR ◽  
M. BILECENOGLU ◽  
B. OZTURK ◽  
T. KATAGAN ◽  
V. AYSEL
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Levantine Sea ◽  
Pelagic Environment ◽  
Lessepsian Migration ◽  
Pelagic Ecosystems ◽  
Hard Substrata

The compilation of data on alien species reported from the Turkish coasts yielded a total of 263 species belonging to 11 systematic groups, of which Mollusca had the highest number of species (85 species), followed by Crustacea (51), fishes (43) and phytobenthos (39). The Black Sea is represented by a total of 20 alien species, the Sea of Marmara by 48 species, the Aegean Sea by 98 species and the Levantine Sea by 202 species. The majority of aliens found in the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara were transported via shipping, whereas the Levantine coast is extensively subjected to Lessepsian migration. Benthic habitats (soft and hard substrata) comprise 76% of the total alien species and the pelagic environment is inhabited by thirty-nine species. Almost 50% of aliens collected from the Turkish coasts were found only at 0-10 m depth. Eight species occur at depths deeper than 100 m. The impacts of aliens on the benthic and pelagic ecosystems are presented.

CORRELATION OF THE BLACK, MARMARA AND AEGEAN SEAS DURING THE HOLOCENE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Esin ◽  
Nikolay Esin ◽  
Vladimir Ocherednik ◽  
Vladimir Ocherednik
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
The Holocene

A mathematical model describing the change in the Black Sea level depending on the Aegean Sea level changes is presented in the article. Calculations have shown that the level of the Black Sea has been repeating the course of the Aegean Sea level for the last at least 6,000 years. And the level of the Black Sea above the Aegean Sea level in the tens of centimeters for this period of time.

A voyage to Ancient Greek Harbours on board Limenoscope

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Theodoulou ◽  
C. Memos
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
General Public ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Database Structure ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Concise Information

Limenoscope is a web based database aiming at promoting the cultural heritage regarding ancient Greek harbours and disseminate the relevant information equally to the general public and to researchers with an interest in that particular cognitive field. The scope of the project is the realization of a database, where one can search for concise information relevant to the historical role, the topography, the morphology, as well as the technical works and installations of ancient harbours in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. The Database started off with the registration of harbours located in the Aegean Sea and Cyprus, dating from Archaic to Byzantine times. Special emphasis is laid on the bibliographical update of the data forms of the harbour sites, as well as on the related references in ancient literature. The database enables the locating of these sites on a general map, where photographs, plans etc. are also archived. The principles of the database structure are briefly presented along with an example, that of the harbour of Phalasarna, among the harbours registered therein.

Nutrient distribution in the Bosphorus and surrounding areas

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Okuş ◽  
A. Aslan-Yilmaz ◽  
A. Yüksek ◽  
S. Taş ◽  
V. Tüfekçi
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Northwestern Shelf

As part of a five years monitoring project “Water Quality Monitoring of the Strait of Istanbul”, February-December 1999 nutrient dynamics of the Black Sea-the Sea of Marmara transect are studied to evaluate the effect of discharges given by deep disposals. Through a one-year study, upper layer nutrient concentrations were generally under the effect of northwestern-shelf Black Sea originated waters. This effect was strictly observed in July, when the upper layer flow was the thickest. On the other hand, partly in November but especially in December the northwestern-shelf Black Sea originated water flow was a minimum resulting in similar concentrations in both layers. Nutrient fluctuations also affected the chlorophyll a and POC concentrations as parameters of productivity. The nutrient concentrations decreased with the effect of spring bloom and highest chlorophyll a values were detected in November at Strait stations that did not match to the Sea of Marmara values. This fact represents the time-scale difference between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara. On the contrary, high nutrient concentrations in the lower layer (especially inorganic phosphate), and therefore low N:P ratios reflect the effect of deep discharge. Vertical mixing caused by meteorological conditions of the shallow station (M3) under the effect of surface discharges resulted in homogenous distribution of nutrients. Nutrient concentrations of the stations affected by deep discharge showed that the two-layer stratification of the system did not permit the discharge mix to the upper layer.

scholarly journals First record of the Combtooth Blenny, Microlipophrys adriaticus (Steindachner & Kolombatovic, 1883) (Pisces, Blenniidae), for the Italian Ionian Sea

Check List ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tiralongo ◽  
R. Baldacconi
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Ionian Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Limited Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean

Microlipophrys adriaticus (Steindachner & Kolombatovic, 1883) is an endemic blenny of the Mediterranean Sea. It is also known from the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. However, unlike other species of combtooth blennies, M. adriaticus is a fish with a limited distribution in Adriatic Sea, especially in the north, where it can be common. We report here the first record of this species from the waters of the Ionian Sea.

Nephtyidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Sea of Marmara and Black Sea, with descriptions of two new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5060 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-64
Author(s):  
SEVGI KUŞ ◽  
GÜLEY KURT ◽  
MELIH ERTAN ÇINAR
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Sea Coast

The present paper deals with the diversity of nephtyid polychaetes (Nephtyidae) from the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Three species belonging to two genera (Micronephthys and Nephtys) were found in the Black Sea (coast of Turkey) and six species belonging to three genera (Inermonephtys, Micronephthys and Nephtys) were found in the Sea of Marmara. The material includes two species new to science, Inermonephtys turcica n. sp. and Nephtys sinopensis n. sp., and a species record (Nephtys kersivalensis McIntosh, 1908) new to the Sea of Marmara’s marine fauna. Nephtys sinopensis n. sp. is mainly characterized by having 1–4 geniculate chaetae in the postacicular position of the parapodia; digitiform antennae, palps, and ventral cirri at chaetiger 1 with swollen tips; small and cirriform branchiae present from chaetiger 4 to the end of the body; poorly developed parapodial prechaetal lamellae in median and posterior chaetigers and long ventral cirri along the body. Inermonephtys turcica n. sp. is mainly characterized by having cushion-like palps with digitiform tips; well developed neuropodial postchaetal lamellae; barred chaetae in preacicular position of the anterior and median parapodia; and branchiae first appearing between chaetiger 3 and 13 (depending on body size).  

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