Combining low-leakage techniques for FPGA routing design

Abstract Low voltage power MOSFETs often integrate voltage spike protection and gate oxide ESD protection. The basic concept of complete-static protection for the power MOSFETs is the prevention of static build-up where possible and the quick, reliable removal of existing charges. The power MOSFET gate is equivalent to a low voltage low leakage capacitor. The capacitor plates are formed primarily by the silicon gate and source metallization. The capacitor dielectric is the silicon oxide gate insulation. Smaller devices have less capacitance and require less charge per volt and are therefore more susceptible to ESD than larger MOSFETs. A FemtoFETTM is an ultra-small, low on-resistance MOSFET transistor for space-constrained handheld applications, such as smartphones and tablets. An ESD event, for example, between a fingertip and the communication-port connectors of a cell phone or tablet may cause permanent system damage. Through electrical characterization and global isolation by active photon emission, the authors identify and distinguish ESD failures. Thermographic analysis provided additional insight enabling further separation of ESD failmodes. This paper emphasizes the role of failure analysis in new product development from the create phase through to product ramp. Coupled with device electrical simulation, the analysis observations led to further design enhancement.

Download Full-text

Two-Hop Neighborhood Information-Based Real-Time Routing Design for Sensor Networks

Journal of Software ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1001.2009.03329 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 1931-1942 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan-Jun LI ◽

Zhi WANG ◽

You-Xian SUN

Keyword(s):

Sensor Networks ◽

Real Time ◽

Neighborhood Information ◽

Routing Design

Download Full-text

Low Leakage Sequential MTCMOS Shift Register for Mitigation of Ground Fluctuations Noise During Complete Reactivation Process

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3171516 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Anjan Kumar ◽

Devendra Chack ◽

Manisha Pattanaik

Keyword(s):

Shift Register ◽

Low Leakage ◽

Reactivation Process

Download Full-text

Optimization of sol-gel based fibre-optic cholinesterase biosensor for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0580 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 42 (7-8) ◽

pp. 283-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

H.-C. Tsai ◽

R.-A. Doong

Keyword(s):

Fiber Optic ◽

Ph Value ◽

Rapid Determination ◽

Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Neutral Red ◽

Fluorescent Indicators ◽

Low Leakage ◽

Fiber Optic System

A sol-gel based fiber-optic biosensor with acetylcholinesterase as the biorecognition element has been developed for the rapid determination of organophosphorus pesticides. Nine fluorescent indicators, acridine, acridine orange, neutral red, DAPI, rhodamine B, fluorescein, umbelliferone, FITC on celite and FITC-dextran, have been examined to optimize the fiber-optic system. Results showed that acridine and FITCs were sensitive to the change of pH value caused by the enzyme-substrate catalysis reaction. However, the sensitivity of acridine was 260 times lower than that of FITCs. Higher toxicity of acridine to acetylcholinesterase than FITC was also observed. Moreover, the high-molecular-weight FITC-dextran showed low leakage rate when immobilizing using sol-gel technology, showing that the FITC-dextran was a suitable pH sensitive fluorescent indicator for the OPPs biosensor. The response of the fiber-optic biosensor to the substrate, acetylcholine, was highly reproducible (RSD=3.5%). A good linearity of acetylcholine in the range from 0.5 to 20 mM was also obtained (R2=0.98). Furthermore, a 30% inhibition can be achieved in 30min when 152 ppb paraoxon was added into the system. The results show the possibility for real-time determination of organophosphorus pesticides by using the biosensor developed in this study.

Download Full-text

High nonlinearity and low leakage current SnO2 varistor ceramics by co-doping with yttrium and tantalum

Materials Letters ◽

10.1016/j.matlet.2020.129120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 285 ◽

pp. 129120

Author(s):

Wenxin Liang ◽

Hongfeng Zhao ◽

Xiaoji Meng ◽

Shaohua Fan ◽

Qingyun Xie

Keyword(s):

Leakage Current ◽

Co Doping ◽

High Nonlinearity ◽

Low Leakage ◽

Low Leakage Current

Download Full-text

LOOKUP TABLE-BASED ADAPTIVE BODY BIASING OF MULTIPLE MACROS FOR PROCESS VARIATION COMPENSATION AND LOW LEAKAGE

Journal of Circuits System and Computers ◽

10.1142/s021812661000675x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (07) ◽

pp. 1449-1464 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

BYUNGHEE CHOI ◽

YOUNGSOO SHIN

Keyword(s):

Supply Voltage ◽

Process Variation ◽

Power Saving ◽

Lookup Table ◽

Low Leakage ◽

Fine Grain ◽

Body Biasing ◽

Block Level ◽

Adaptive Body Bias ◽

Body Bias

A reduced supply voltage must be accompanied by a reduced threshold voltage, which makes this approach to power saving susceptible to process variation in transistor parameters, as well as resulting in increased subthreshold leakage. While adaptive body biasing is efficient for both compensating process variation and suppressing leakage current, it suffers from a large overhead of control circuit. Most body biasing circuits target an entire chip, which causes excessive leakage of some blocks and misses the chance of fine grain control. We propose a new adaptive body biasing scheme, based on a lookup table for independent control of multiple functional blocks on a chip, which controls leakage and also compensates for process variation at the block level. An adaptive body bias is applied to blocks in active mode and a large reverse body bias is applied to blocks in standby mode. This is achieved by a central body bias controller, which has a low overhead in terms of area, delay, and power consumption. The problem of optimizing the required set of bias voltages is formulated and solved. A design methodology for semicustom design using standard-cell elements is developed and verified with benchmark circuits.

Download Full-text