Investigating Quality Trade-offs in Open Source Critical Embedded Systems

As modern embedded systems are becoming more and more ubiquitous and interconnected, they attract a world-wide attention of attackers and the security aspect is more important than ever during the design of those systems. Moreover, given the ever-increasing complexity of the applications that run on these systems, it becomes increasingly difficult to meet all security criteria. While extra-functional design objectives such as performance and power/energy consumption are typically taken into account already during the very early stages of embedded systems design, system security is still mostly considered as an afterthought. That is, security is usually not regarded in the process of (early) design-space exploration of embedded systems, which is the critical process of multi-objective optimization that aims at optimizing the extra-functional behavior of a design. This position paper argues for the development of techniques for quantifying the ’degree of secureness’ of embedded system design instances such that these can be incorporated in a multi-objective optimization process. Such technology would allow for the optimization of security aspects of embedded systems during the earliest design phases as well as for studying the trade-offs between security and the other design objectives such as performance, power consumption and cost.

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SIMULINK-BASED HW/SW CODESIGN OF EMBEDDED NEURO-FUZZY SYSTEMS

International Journal of Neural Systems ◽

10.1142/s0129065700000193 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

pp. 211-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. M. Reyneri ◽

M. Chiaberge ◽

L. Lavagno ◽

B. Pino ◽

E. Miranda

Keyword(s):

Embedded Systems ◽

Fuzzy Systems ◽

High Speed ◽

Low Cost ◽

Performance Criteria ◽

Functional Specification ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Neuro Fuzzy ◽

Analysis Of Performance ◽

Speed Simulation

We propose a semi-automatic HW/SW codesign flow for low-power and low-cost Neuro-Fuzzy embedded systems. Applications range from fast prototyping of embedded systems to high-speed simulation of Simulink models and rapid design of Neuro-Fuzzy devices. The proposed codesign flow works with different technologies and architectures (namely, software, digital and analog). We have used The Mathworks' Simulink© environment for functional specification and for analysis of performance criteria such as timing (latency and throughput), power dissipation, size and cost. The proposed flow can exploit trade-offs between SW and HW as well as between digital and analog implementations, and it can generate, respectively, the C, VHDL and SKILL codes of the selected architectures.

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Energy/reliability trade-offs in fault-tolerant event-triggered distributed embedded systems

16th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference (ASP-DAC 2011) ◽

10.1109/aspdac.2011.5722283 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Junhe Gan ◽

Flavius Gruian ◽

Paul Pop ◽

Jan Madsen

Keyword(s):

Embedded Systems ◽

Fault Tolerant ◽

Distributed Embedded Systems ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Energy Reliability ◽

Event Triggered

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Reducing Resource Consumption of SELinux for Embedded Systems with Contributions to Open-Source Ecosystems

Journal of Information Processing ◽

10.2197/ipsjjip.23.664 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 664-672

Author(s):

Yuichi Nakamura ◽

Yoshiki Sameshima ◽

Toshihiro Yamauchi

Keyword(s):

Embedded Systems ◽

Open Source ◽

Resource Consumption

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Book Reviews

Journal of Economic Literature ◽

10.1257/jel.50.1.179.r13 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 204-207

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Open Source ◽

Policy Research ◽

London School ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Research Associate ◽

Making Choices ◽

History Of ◽

London School Of Economics

Georg von Krogh of ETH Zurich reviews “The Comingled Code: Open Source and Economic Development” by Josh Lerner and Mark Schankerman. The EconLit Abstract of the reviewed work begins: Explores the role of open source software in economic development. Discusses software and growth; the history of open source; the supply side--comingling open source and proprietary software; the demand side--assessing trade-offs and making choices; assessing government policies toward software; and the takeaways. Lerner is Jacob H. Schiff Professor of Investment Banking at Harvard Business School. Schankerman is Professor of Economics and Research Associate with the Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics and Research Fellow at the Centre for Economic Policy Research. Glossary; index.

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ANALYSIS AND TOOLS FOR THE DESIGN OF VLIW EMBEDDED SYSTEMS IN A MULTI-OBJECTIVE SCENARIO

Journal of Circuits System and Computers ◽

10.1142/s0218126607003915 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 16 (05) ◽

pp. 819-846

Author(s):

VINCENZO CATANIA ◽

MAURIZIO PALESI ◽

DAVIDE PATTI

Keyword(s):

Embedded Systems ◽

Instruction Scheduling ◽

Design Flow ◽

System Level ◽

Instruction Level Parallelism ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Subsequent Stage ◽

Multi Objective ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Starting Point

The use of Application-Specific Instruction-set Processors (ASIP) in embedded systems is a solution to the problem of increasing complexity in the functions these systems have to implement. Architectures based on Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) have found fertile ground in multimedia electronic appliances thanks to their ability to exploit high degrees of Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP) with a reasonable trade-off in complexity and silicon costs. In this case the ASIP specialization involves a complex interaction between hardware- and software-related issues. In this paper we propose tools and methodologies to cope efficiently with this complexity from a multi-objective perspective. We present EPIC-Explorer, an open platform for estimation and system-level exploration of an EPIC/VLIW architecture. We first analyze the possible design objectives, showing that it is necessary, given the fundamental role played by the VLIW compiler in instruction scheduling, to evaluate the appropriateness of ILP-oriented compilation on a case-by-case basis. Then, in the architecture exploration phase, we will use a multi-objective genetic approach to obtain a set of Pareto-optimal configurations. Finally, by clustering the configurations thus obtained, we extract those representing possible trade-offs between the objectives, which are used as a starting point for evaluation via more accurate estimation models at a subsequent stage in the design flow.

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Assembling cheap, high-performance microphones for recording terrestrial wildlife: the Sonitor system

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.17511.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1984 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kevin Darras ◽

Bjørn Kolbrek ◽

Andreas Knorr ◽

Volker Meyer

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

High Performance ◽

Transmission Loss ◽

Signal Loss ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Technical Specifications ◽

Sound Amplification ◽

Passive Acoustic ◽

The Cost ◽

Acoustic Horns

Passive acoustic monitoring of wildlife requires microphones. Several cheap, high-performance open-source solutions currently exist for recording sounds, but all of them are still reliant on commercial microphones. Commercial microphones are relatively expensive, specialized on particular taxa, and often have opaque technical specifications. We designed Sonitor, an open-source microphone system to address all needs of ecologists that sample terrestrial wildlife acoustically. We evaluated the cost of our system and measured trade-offs that are seldom acknowledged but which universally limit microphones' functions: weatherproofing versus sound attenuation, windproofing versus transmission loss after rain, signal loss in long cables, and analog sound amplification and directivity with acoustic horns. We propose three microphone configurations suiting different budgets, sound qualities, and flexibility requirements, which all cover the entire sound frequency spectrum of sonant terrestrial wildlife at a fraction of the cost of commercial microphones.

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Performance Analysis of Different Embedded Systems and Open-Source Optimization Packages Towards an Impulsive MPC Artificial Pancreas

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.662348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jhon E. Goez-Mora ◽

María F. Villa-Tamayo ◽

Monica Vallejo ◽

Pablo S. Rivadeneira

Keyword(s):

Embedded Systems ◽

Open Source ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Artificial Pancreas ◽

Performance Comparison ◽

Raspberry Pi ◽

Portable Devices ◽

Technological Advances ◽

Computer Environment ◽

The Difference

Current technological advances have brought closer to reality the project of a safe, portable, and efficient artificial pancreas for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Among the developed control strategies for T1D, model predictive control (MPC) has been emphasized in literature as a promising control for glucose regulation. However, these control strategies are commonly designed in a computer environment, regardless of the limitations of a portable device. In this paper, the performances of six embedded platforms and three open-source optimization solver algorithms are assessed for T1D treatment. Their advantages and limitations are clarified using four MPC formulations of increasing complexity and a hardware-in-the-loop methodology to evaluate glucose control in virtual adult subjects. The performance comparison includes the execution time, the difference concerning the evolution obtained in MATLAB, the processor temperature, energy consumption, time percentage in normoglycemia, and the number of hypo- and hyperglycemic events. Results show that Quadprog is the package that faithfully follows the results obtained with control strategies designed and tuned on a computer with the MATLAB software. In addition, the Raspberry Pi 3 and the Tinker Board S embedded systems present the appropriate characteristics to be implemented as portable devices in the artificial pancreas application according to the criteria set out in this work.

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