An adaptive adjusting density scheme of small cell base stations in heterogeneous cell networks

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuguang Fang ◽  
Rizhao Tang ◽  
Xinlu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Small Cell ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Cell Networks ◽  
Cell Base

scholarly journals On the Performance of UAV-Aided Content Caching in Small-Cell Networks with Joint Transmission

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1040
Author(s):  
Menghan Wei ◽  
Youjia Chen ◽  
Ming Ding
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Rate ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Small Cell Networks ◽  
Content Caching ◽  
Cell Networks ◽  
Joint Transmission

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), featured by the high-mobility and high-quality propagation environment, have shown great potential in wireless communication applications. In this paper, a novel UAV-aided small-cell content caching network is proposed and analyzed, where joint transmission (JT) is considered in the dense small-cell networks and mobile UAVs are employed to shorten the serving distance. The system performance is evaluated in terms of the average cache hit probability and the ergodic transmission rate. From the analytical results, we find that (i) the proposed UAV-aided small-cell network shows superior caching performance and, even with a small density of UAVs the system’s cache hit probability, can be improved significantly; (ii) the content’s optimal caching probability to maximize the cache hit probability is proportional to the (K+1)-th root of its request probability, where K is the number of small-cell base stations that serve each user by JT; (iii) caching the most popular content in UAVs may lead to a low transmission rate due to the limited resource offered by the low-density UAVs. Simulation results are presented to validate the theoretical results and the performance gain achieved by the optimal caching strategy.

A 2.14-GHz GaN MMIC Doherty Power Amplifier for Small-Cell Base Stations

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheol Ho Kim ◽  
Seunghoon Jee ◽  
Gweon-Do Jo ◽  
Kwangchun Lee ◽  
Bumman Kim
Keyword(s):  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Doherty Power Amplifier ◽  
Cell Base

Game Theory-Based Radio Resource Optimization in Heterogeneous Small Cell Networks (HSCNs)

2015 ◽  
pp. 137-183
Author(s):  
Mugen Peng ◽  
Yaohua Sun ◽  
Chengdan Sun ◽  
Manzoor Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Radio Resource Allocation ◽  
Radio Resource ◽  
Small Cell Networks ◽  
The Game Theory ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Cell Networks

To optimize radio resource allocation, the game theory is utilized as a powerful tool because its characteristic can be adaptive to the distribution characteristics of in heterogeneous small cell networks (HSCNs). This chapter summarizes the recent achievements for the game theory based radio resource allocation in HSCNs, where macro base stations (MBSs) and dense small cell base stations (SBSs) share the same frequency spectrum and interfere with each other. Two kinds of game models are introduced to optimize the radio resource allocation, namely the non-cooperative Stackelberg and the cooperative coalition. System models, optimization problem formulation, problem solution, and simulation results for these two kinds of game models are presented. Particularly, the Stackelberg models for HSCNs are presented with the Stackelberg equilibrium and the closed-form expressions. The coalition formations for traditional HCSNs, cloud small cell networks, and heterogeneous cloud small cell networks are introduced. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the proposed game theory based radio resource optimization strategies converged and efficient.

scholarly journals User Association and Small-Cell Base Station On/Off Strategies for Energy Efficiency of Ultradense Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Gao ◽  
Qing Ren ◽  
Pei Shang Gu ◽  
Xin Song
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
User Association ◽  
User Mobility ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Cell Base

The widespread application of wireless mobile services and requirements of ubiquitous access have resulted in drastic growth of the mobile traffic and huge energy consumption in ultradense networks (UDNs). Therefore, energy-efficient design is very important and is becoming an inevitable trend. To improve the energy efficiency (EE) of UDNs, we present a joint optimization method considering user association and small-cell base station (SBS) on/off strategies in UDNs. The problem is formulated as a nonconvex nonlinear programming problem and is then decomposed into two subproblems: user association and SBS on/off strategies. In the user association strategy, users associate with base stations (BSs) according to their movement speeds and utility function values, under the constraints of the signal-to-interference ratio (SINR) and load balancing. In particular, taking care of user mobility, users are associated if their speed exceeds a certain threshold. The macrocell base station (MBS) considers user mobility, which prevents frequent switching between users and SBSs. In the SBS on/off strategy, SBSs are turned off according to their loads and the amount of time required for mobile users to arrive at a given SBS to further improve network energy efficiency. By turning off SBSs, negative impacts on user associations can be reduced. The simulation results show that relative to conventional algorithms, the proposed scheme achieves energy efficiency performance enhancements.

scholarly journals Harvested Energy Maximization of SWIPT System with Popularity Cache Scheme in Dense Small Cell Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xuefei Peng ◽  
Jiandong Li
Keyword(s):  
Small Cell ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Maximization Problem ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Small Cell Networks ◽  
Splitting Ratio ◽  
Energy Maximization ◽  
Cache Scheme ◽  
Cell Networks

In this paper, we propose a harvested energy maximization problem of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system with popularity cache scheme in dense small cell networks. Firstly, network model, content request, and popularity cache schemes are provided in the system model. Then, we establish a harvested energy maximization problem of SWIPT system with popularity cache scheme in dense small cell networks, where maximum transmit power of small cell base stations (SBSs), minimum rate requirement, i.e., quality of service (QoS) of user terminals (UTs), and power splitting ratio are considered. Further, an iterative power splitting ratio and power allocation optimization (IPSPA) algorithm is proposed to solve the formulated problem. Finally, the better performance of our proposed method is demonstrated through a number of simulations. These results are of significance for maximizing harvesting energy of UTs and reducing consumption of backhaul resources and energy.

scholarly journals Power density of rectangular microstrip patch antenna arrays for 5G indoor base station

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1367
Author(s):  
Nor Adibah Ibrahim ◽  
Tharek Abd Rahman ◽  
Razali Ngah ◽  
Omar Abd Aziz ◽  
Olakunle Elijah
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
High Data ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Cell Base

The fifth-generation (5G) network has been broadly investigated by many researchers. The capabilities of 5G include massive system capacity, incredibly high data rates everywhere, very low latency and the most important point is that it is exceptionally low device cost and low energy consumption. A key technology of 5G is the millimeter wave operating at 28 GHz and 38 GHz frequency bands which enable massive MIMO and small cell base station densification. However, there has been public concern associated with human exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) from 5G communication devices. Hence, this paper studies the power density of a 5G antenna array that can be used for the indoor base station. The power density is the amount of power or signal strength absorbed by a receiver such as the human body located a distance from the base station. To achieve this, the design of array antennas using CST software at 28 GHz, fabrication and measurement were carried out in an indoor and hallway environment. The measurement processes were set up at IC5G at UTM Kuala Lumpur in which the distance of the transmitter to receiver where 1 m, 4 m, 8 m, and 10 m. In this study, the measured power density is found to be below the set limit by ICNIRP and hence no health implication is feared. Regardless, sufficient act of cautionary has to be applied by those staying close to small cell base stations and more studies are still needed to ensure the safety of use of 5G base stations.

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