scholarly journals Autonomous Vehicles: Data Protection and Ethical Considerations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Krontiris ◽  
Kalliroi Grammenou ◽  
Kalliopi Terzidou ◽  
Marina Zacharopoulou ◽  
Marina Tsikintikou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Ethical Considerations

scholarly journals Integration of Blockchain with Connected and Autonomous Vehicles: Vision and Challenge

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tooska Dargahi ◽  
Hossein Ahmadvand ◽  
Mansour Naser Alraja ◽  
Chia-Mu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Wide Range

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) are introduced to improve individuals’ quality of life by offering a wide range of services. They collect a huge amount of data and exchange them with each other and the infrastructure. The collected data usually includes sensitive information about the users and the surrounding environment. Therefore, data security and privacy are among the main challenges in this industry. Blockchain, an emerging distributed ledger, has been considered by the research community as a potential solution for enhancing data security, integrity, and transparency in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). However, despite the emphasis of governments on the transparency of personal data protection practices, CAV stakeholders have not been successful in communicating appropriate information with the end users regarding the procedure of collecting, storing, and processing their personal data, as well as the data ownership. This article provides a vision of the opportunities and challenges of adopting blockchain in ITS from the “data transparency” and “privacy” perspective. The main aim is to answer the following questions: (1) Considering the amount of personal data collected by the CAVs, such as location, how would the integration of blockchain technology affect transparency , fairness , and lawfulness of personal data processing concerning the data subjects (as this is one of the main principles in the existing data protection regulations)? (2) How can the trade-off between transparency and privacy be addressed in blockchain-based ITS use cases?

scholarly journals AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND EUROPEAN DATA PROTECTION LAW

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Eva Fialová
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Location Data ◽  
European Data ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
General Data

Autonomous vehicles process a huge amount of data about the driver, or rather passengers of the vehicle, as well as about other persons (pedestrians and passengers of other vehicles). This is why the autonomous vehicles raise questions about the protection of personal data. In 2018 a new European data protection legislation came into force. The General Data Protection Regulation places new obligations on controllers of personal data and provides new rights to data subjects, which will relate to operations of autonomous vehicles and their infrastructure. The providers thereof will have to implement the principles of data protection legislation into their systems. In this context the personal data is not just data concerning the identity of the driver, a passenger or other persons, but any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, or even due to a peculiar behaviour in the vehicle. The paper will focus on the new legal regulation in relation to the operation of autonomous vehicles.Autonomní vozidla zpracovávají velké množství údajů o řidiči vozidla, resp. cestujících ve vozidle, jakož i o dalších osobách (spolucestujících, chodcích a pasažérech v jiných vozidlech). To je důvod, proč provoz autonomních vozidel vyvolává řadu otázek týkajících se ochrany osobních údajů. V roce 2018 nabyla účinnosti nová evropská právní úprava regulující tuto oblast. Obecné nařízení o ochraně osobních údajů přináší nové povinnosti správcům osobních údajů, jakož i nová práva subjektům údajů, která se budou týkat provozu autonomních vozidel a infrastruktury. Výrobci a poskytovatelé služeb budou muset do svých systémů implementovat legislativu o ochraně osobních údajů. Osobními údaji nejsou pouze údaje týkající se totožnosti řidiče, cestujících nebo jiných osob, ale veškeré informace vztahujících se k identifikované nebo identifikovatelné fyzické osobě, kterou lze přímo nebo nepřímo identifikovat, zejména odkazem na identifikátor, jako je např. název, identifikační číslo, lokalizační údaje, nebo třeba i kvůli osobitému chování ve vozidle. Tento článek se zaměřuje na novou právní úpravu ve vztahu k provozu autonomních vozidel.

Ethical considerations in post-GDPR social media based research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Granger ◽  
Peter Branney ◽  
Paul Sullivan ◽  
Steven McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
European Union ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Tailored Approach ◽  
The Eu

With the number of social media users being recently estimated to be around 3.96 billion, social media sites present a vast pool of potential participants and data for researchers. Reflecting the growth of this technology and volume of data, data protection laws have been updated across the European Union (EU) and apply to the movement of data in and out of the EU. This article discusses how to approach ethical considerations in light of these new laws and the ethos they represent. We provide this in the context of collecting Twitter data for a pilot study and discuss the considerations in line with legal and ethical guidelines. Our decided approach is offered as an example of the outcome of such considerations. It is clear from this discussion that any approach to ethics, particularly where social media is concerned, requires a reflective and tailored approach.

scholarly journals A Literature Review on the GDPR, COVID-19 and the Ethical Considerations of Data Protection During a Time of Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
Maria Christofidou ◽  
Nathan Lea ◽  
Pascal Coorevits
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Mobile Health Applications ◽  
General Data ◽  
Personal Interests

Summary Objective: This survey article presents a literature review of relevant publications aiming to explore whether the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has held true during a time of crisis and the implications that arose during the COVID-19 outbreak. Method and Results: Based on the approach taken and the screening of the relevant articles, the results focus on three themes: a critique on GDPR; the ethics surrounding the use of digital health technologies, namely in the form of mobile applications; and the possibility of cross border transfers of said data outside of Europe. Within this context, the article reviews the arising themes, considers the use of data through mobile health applications, and discusses whether data protection may require a revision when balancing societal and personal interests. Conclusions: In summary, although it is clear that the GDPR has been applied through a mixed and complex experience with data handling during the pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic has indeed shown that it was a test the GDPR was designed and prepared to undertake. The article suggests that further review and research is needed to first ensure that an understanding of the state of the art in data protection during the pandemic is maintained and second to subsequently explore and carefully create a specific framework for the ethical considerations involved. The paper echoes the literature reviewed and calls for the creation of a unified and harmonised network or database to enable the secure data sharing across borders.

Ethics Settings for Autonomous Vehicles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Millar
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Vehicle Technology ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter explores the underlying arguments for and against designing ethics settings into autonomous vehicles. I begin by offering a definition of “ethics setting” and by discussing how designers and engineers embed ethics settings in technology. I then provide an overview of some of the ethics settings that are currently embedded in vehicles and some that are proposed or foreseeable in emerging autonomous vehicle technology. I also discuss the various ethical considerations that have been raised in response to each kind of ethics setting. After describing the landscape of ethics settings and related ethical issues that accompany them, I raise three questions that must be answered by those designing ethics settings into autonomous vehicles. I conclude by providing some considerations that can help engineers, designers, and policymakers answer them in practice.

Ethical aspects in eHealth – design of a privacy-friendly system

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Milutinovic ◽  
Bart De Decker
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Privacy Protection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Privacy Requirements ◽  
Ethical Concerns

Purpose – The medical advances and historical fluctuations in the demographics are contributing to the rise of the average age. These changes are increasing the pressure to organize adequate care to a growing number of individuals. As a way to provide efficient and cost-effective care, eHealth systems are gaining importance. However, this trend is creating new ethical concerns. Major issues are privacy and patients’ control over their data. To deploy these systems on a large scale, they need to offer strict privacy protection. Even though many research proposals focus on eHealth systems and related ethical requirements, there is an evident lack of practical solutions for protecting users’ personal information. The purpose of this study is to explore the ethical considerations related to these systems and extract the privacy requirements. This paper also aims to put forth a system design which ensures appropriate privacy protection. Design/methodology/approach – This paper investigates the existing work in the area of eHealth systems and the related ethical considerations, which establish privacy as one of the main requirements. It lists the ethical requirements and data protection standards that a system needs to fulfil and uses them as a guideline for creating the proposed design. Findings – Even though privacy is considered to be a paramount aspect of the eHealth systems, the existing proposals do not tackle this issue from the outset of the design. Consequently, introducing privacy at the final stages of the system deployment imposes significant limitations and the provided data protection is not always to the standards expected by the users. Originality/value – This paper motivates the need for addressing ethical concerns in the eHealth domain with special focus on establishing strict privacy protection. It lists the privacy requirements and offers practical solutions for developing a privacy-friendly system and takes the approach of privacy-by-design. Additionally, the proposed design is evaluated against ethical principles as proposed in the existing literature. The aim is to show that technological advances can be used to improve quality and efficiency of care, while the usually raised concerns can be avoided.

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