scholarly journals CONQ: CONtinuous Quantile Treatment Effects for Large-Scale Online Controlled Experiments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weinan Wang ◽  
Xi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Quantile Treatment Effects

Learning Through Controlled Experiments: Community Service and Heroin Prescription in Switzerland

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Killias ◽  
Marcelo F. Aebi ◽  
Denis Ribeaud
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Drug Substitution ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heroin Prescription ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Innovative Approaches

Europe, over the past two decades, has seen many innovations in the field of corrections, particularly new sanctions that are becoming increasingly popular as alternatives to imprisonment, such as community service. Innovative approaches have also been tested in the field of drug treatment, including large-scale drug-substitution programs. Usually, such programs have been evaluated, if at all, under the form of before-after studies. Thus, little is known about treatment effects, particularly in the longer run and/or compared to alternative approaches. Two controlled experiments conducted recently in Switzerland involving community service and heroin prescription to addicts may indicate a shift to more rigorous evaluations. They both illustrate the potentials of controlled experiments for progress in knowledge as well as some problems in methodological, legal, ethical, and practical respects. Whereas controlled experiments are necessary to learn in some areas, more conventional before-after studies may be valid under particular circumstances.

scholarly journals Can we rely on non-randomised studies? Findings from a meta-epidemiological review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J C Rejon-Parrilla ◽  
M Salcher-Konrad ◽  
M Nguyen ◽  
K Davis ◽  
P Jonsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Economic ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Economic Evaluation ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Economic Decision Making ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Increasingly, health technology assessment (HTA) agencies must decide whether new medicines should be used routinely in the absence of randomised controlled trial (RCT) data, relying solely on non-randomised studies (NRS), which are at high risk of bias due to confounding. Against the background of increased availability and improved methods to analyse non-randomised data (e.g., propensity score methods and instrumental variables), it is important for decision-makers to have guidance on the analysis and interpretation of NRS to inform health economic evaluation. We therefore aimed to systematically and empirically assess the performance of NRS using different analytical methods as compared to RCTs and develop recommendations on the basis of our findings. Methods We conducted a large-scale meta-epidemiological review to obtain estimates of the discrepancy in treatment effects in matched RCTs and NRS of pharmacologic interventions from published meta-analyses indexed in MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. We also consulted with HTA bodies, regulators and academics from five European countries to learn from their experience with using non-randomised evidence. Results We compiled the largest dataset of clinical topics with matching RCTs and NRS using various analytical methods to date, covering >100 unique clinical questions. Incorporating information on direction of effect and effect size from >700 unique studies, the dataset can be used to evaluate discrepancies in treatment effects between study designs across a wide range of therapeutic areas. Conclusions An empirically based understanding of the risk of bias in NRS is required in order to promote the adequate use of non-randomised evidence as input for health economic decision-making.

scholarly journals Audio Mining: The Role of Vocal Tone in Persuasion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin (Shane) Wang ◽  
Shijie Lu ◽  
X I Li ◽  
Mansur Khamitov ◽  
Neil Bendle
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
The Core ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Persuasion success is often related to hard-to-measure characteristics, such as the way the persuader speaks. To examine how vocal tones impact persuasion in an online appeal, this research measures persuaders’ vocal tones in Kickstarter video pitches using novel audio mining technology. Connecting vocal tone dimensions with real-world funding outcomes offers insight into the impact of vocal tones on receivers’ actions. The core hypothesis of this paper is that a successful persuasion attempt is associated with vocal tones denoting (1) focus, (2) low stress, and (3) stable emotions. These three vocal tone dimensions—which are in line with the stereotype content model—matter because they allow receivers to make inferences about a persuader’s competence. The hypotheses are tested with a large-scale empirical study using Kickstarter data, which is then replicated in a different category. In addition, two controlled experiments provide evidence that perceptions of competence mediate the impact of the three vocal tones on persuasion attempt success. The results identify key indicators of persuasion attempt success and suggest a greater role for audio mining in academic consumer research.

scholarly journals An IV Model of Quantile Treatment Effects

Econometrica ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Chernozhukov ◽  
Christian Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Quantile Treatment Effects ◽  
Iv Model

scholarly journals Combating Effort Avoidance in Computer Adaptive Practicing: Does a Problem Skipping Restriction Promote Learning?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Olof Savi ◽  
Chris van Klaveren ◽  
Ilja Cornelisz
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Conditional Average ◽  
Average Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Average Treatment Effects ◽  
Null Finding ◽  
Adaptive Practice

Effort is key in learning, evidenced by its omnipresence in both empirical findings and educational theories. At the same time, students are consistently found to avoid effort. In this study, we investigate whether limiting effort avoidance improves learning outcomes, and explore for whom this would be the case. In a large-scale computer adaptive practice system for primary education, over 150,000 participants were distributed across four conditions in which a problem-skipping option was delayed for 0, 3, 6, or 9 seconds. The results show that after a 14 week period, no average treatment effects in learning outcomes can be found between conditions. A substantive typology of students, based on the expected target mechanisms of the intervention, neither shows consistent conditional average treatment effects. Nevertheless, the substantive typology is shown to be meaningful, as the different types—toilers, skippers, and rushers—differ with respect to their learning outcomes. We argue that although the scale of the experiment suggests a precise null finding, the cumulative nature of the effect of problem skipping cautions against generalizing this finding to sustained intervention.

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