A Survey on Privacy Preservation in Fog-Enabled Internet of Things

2023 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Kinza Sarwar ◽  
Sira Yongchareon ◽  
Jian Yu ◽  
Saeed Ur Rehman

Despite the rapid growth and advancement in the Internet of Things (IoT ), there are critical challenges that need to be addressed before the full adoption of the IoT. Data privacy is one of the hurdles towards the adoption of IoT as there might be potential misuse of users’ data and their identity in IoT applications. Several researchers have proposed different approaches to reduce privacy risks. However, most of the existing solutions still suffer from various drawbacks, such as huge bandwidth utilization and network latency, heavyweight cryptosystems, and policies that are applied on sensor devices and in the cloud. To address these issues, fog computing has been introduced for IoT network edges providing low latency, computation, and storage services. In this survey, we comprehensively review and classify privacy requirements for an in-depth understanding of privacy implications in IoT applications. Based on the classification, we highlight ongoing research efforts and limitations of the existing privacy-preservation techniques and map the existing IoT schemes with Fog-enabled IoT schemes to elaborate on the benefits and improvements that Fog-enabled IoT can bring to preserve data privacy in IoT applications. Lastly, we enumerate key research challenges and point out future research directions.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Atlam ◽  
Robert Walters ◽  
Gary Wills

With the rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications, the classic centralized cloud computing paradigm faces several challenges such as high latency, low capacity and network failure. To address these challenges, fog computing brings the cloud closer to IoT devices. The fog provides IoT data processing and storage locally at IoT devices instead of sending them to the cloud. In contrast to the cloud, the fog provides services with faster response and greater quality. Therefore, fog computing may be considered the best choice to enable the IoT to provide efficient and secure services for many IoT users. This paper presents the state-of-the-art of fog computing and its integration with the IoT by highlighting the benefits and implementation challenges. This review will also focus on the architecture of the fog and emerging IoT applications that will be improved by using the fog model. Finally, open issues and future research directions regarding fog computing and the IoT are discussed.


Author(s):  
Salheddine Kabou ◽  
Sidi mohamed Benslimane ◽  
Mhammed Mosteghanemi

Many organizations, especially small and medium business (SMB) enterprises require the collection and sharing of data containing personal information. The privacy of this data must be preserved before outsourcing to the commercial public. Privacy preserving data publishing PPDP refers to the process of publishing useful information while preserving data privacy. A variety of approaches have been proposed to ensure privacy by applying traditional anonymization models which focused only on the single publication of datasets. In practical applications, data publishing is more complicated where the organizations publish multiple times for different recipients or after modifications to provide up-to-date data. Privacy preserving dynamic data publication PPDDP is a new process in privacy preservation which addresses the anonymization of the data for different purposes. In this survey, the author will systematically evaluate and summarize different studies to PPDDP, clarify the differences and requirements between the scenarios that can exist, and propose future research directions.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany F. Atlam ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Azad ◽  
Ahmed G. Alzahrani ◽  
Gary Wills

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a new technology that enables both virtual and physical objects to be connected and communicate with each other, and produce new digitized services that improve our quality of life. The IoT system provides several advantages, however, the current centralized architecture introduces numerous issues involving a single point of failure, security, privacy, transparency, and data integrity. These challenges are an obstacle in the way of the future developments of IoT applications. Moving the IoT into one of the distributed ledger technologies may be the correct choice to resolve these issues. Among the common and popular types of distributed ledger technologies is the blockchain. Integrating the IoT with blockchain technology can bring countless benefits. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive discussion of integrating the IoT system with blockchain technology. After providing the basics of the IoT system and blockchain technology, a thorough review of integrating the blockchain with the IoT system is presented by highlighting benefits of the integration and how the blockchain can resolve the issues of the IoT system. Then, the blockchain as a service for the IoT is presented to show how various features of blockchain technology can be implemented as a service for various IoT applications. This is followed by discussing the impact of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) on both IoT and blockchain. In the end, future research directions of IoT with blockchain are presented.


Author(s):  
Salheddine Kabou ◽  
Sidi mohamed Benslimane ◽  
Mhammed Mosteghanemi

Many organizations, especially small and medium business (SMB) enterprises require the collection and sharing of data containing personal information. The privacy of this data must be preserved before outsourcing to the commercial public. Privacy preserving data publishing PPDP refers to the process of publishing useful information while preserving data privacy. A variety of approaches have been proposed to ensure privacy by applying traditional anonymization models which focused only on the single publication of datasets. In practical applications, data publishing is more complicated where the organizations publish multiple times for different recipients or after modifications to provide up-to-date data. Privacy preserving dynamic data publication PPDDP is a new process in privacy preservation which addresses the anonymization of the data for different purposes. In this survey, the author will systematically evaluate and summarize different studies to PPDDP, clarify the differences and requirements between the scenarios that can exist, and propose future research directions.


Author(s):  
G. Rama Subba Reddy ◽  
K. Rangaswamy ◽  
Malla Sudhakara ◽  
Pole Anjaiah ◽  
K. Reddy Madhavi

Internet of things (IoT) has given a promising chance to construct amazing industrial frameworks and applications by utilizing wireless and sensor devices. To support IIoT benefits efficiently, fog computing is typically considered as one of the potential solutions. Be that as it may, IIoT services still experience issues such as high-latency and unreliable connections between cloud and terminals of IIoT. In addition to this, numerous security and privacy issues are raised and affect the users of the distributed computing environment. With an end goal to understand the improvement of IoT in industries, this chapter presents the current research of IoT along with the key enabling technologies. Further, the architecture and features of fog computing towards the fog-assisted IoT applications are presented. In addition to this, security and protection threats along with safety measures towards the IIoT applications are discussed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L Gornik ◽  
Alexandre Persu ◽  
David Adlam ◽  
Lucas S Aparicio ◽  
Michel Azizi ◽  
...  

This article is a comprehensive document on the diagnosis and management of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), which was commissioned by the working group ‘Hypertension and the Kidney’ of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and the Society for Vascular Medicine (SVM). This document updates previous consensus documents/scientific statements on FMD published in 2014 with full harmonization of the position of European and US experts. In addition to practical consensus-based clinical recommendations, including a consensus protocol for catheter-based angiography and percutaneous angioplasty for renal FMD, the document also includes the first analysis of the European/International FMD Registry and provides updated data from the US Registry for FMD. Finally, it provides insights on ongoing research programs and proposes future research directions for understanding this multifaceted arterial disease.


Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana-Daniela González-Zamar ◽  
Emilio Abad-Segura ◽  
Esteban Vázquez-Cano ◽  
Eloy López-Meneses

The development of technologies enables the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in urban environments, creating smart cities. Hence, the optimal management of data generated in the interconnection of electronic sensors in real time improves the quality of life. The objective of this study is to analyze global research on smart cities based on IoT technology applications. For this, bibliometric techniques were applied to 1232 documents on this topic, corresponding to the period 2011–2019, to obtain findings on scientific activity and the main thematic areas. Scientific production has increased annually, so that the last triennium has accumulated 83.23% of the publications. The most outstanding thematic areas were Computer Science and Engineering. Seven lines have been identified in the development of research on smart cities based on IoT applications. In addition, the study has detected seven new future research directions. The growing trend at the global level of scientific production shows the interest in developing aspects of smart cities based on IoT applications. This study contributes to the academic, scientific, and institutional discussion to improve decision making based on the available information.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeeshan Ali Khan ◽  
Peter Herrmann

Many Internet of Things (IoT) systems run on tiny connected devices that have to deal with severe processor and energy restrictions. Often, the limited processing resources do not allow the use of standard security mechanisms on the nodes, making IoT applications quite vulnerable to different types of attacks. This holds particularly for intrusion detection systems (IDS) that are usually too resource-heavy to be handled by small IoT devices. Thus, many IoT systems are not sufficiently protected against typical network attacks like Denial-of-Service (DoS) and routing attacks. On the other side, IDSs have already been successfully used in adjacent network types like Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) which, in part, face limitations similar to those of IoT applications. Moreover, there is research work ongoing that promises IDSs that may better fit to the limitations of IoT devices. In this article, we will give an overview about IDSs suited for IoT networks. Besides looking on approaches developed particularly for IoT, we introduce also work for the three similar network types mentioned above and discuss if they are also suitable for IoT systems. In addition, we present some suggestions for future research work that could be useful to make IoT networks more secure.


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