scholarly journals Political Effects of the Internet and Social Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Zhuravskaya ◽  
Maria Petrova ◽  
Ruben Enikolopov
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Internet And Social Media

How do the Internet and social media affect political outcomes? We review empirical evidence from the recent political economy literature, focusing primarily on work that considers traits that distinguish the Internet and social media from traditional off-line media, such as low barriers to entry and reliance on user-generated content. We discuss the main results about the effects of the Internet in general, and social media in particular, on voting, street protests, attitudes toward government, political polarization, xenophobia, and politicians’ behavior. We also review evidence on the role of social media in the dissemination of fake news, and we summarize results about the strategies employed by autocratic regimes to censor the Internet and to use social media for surveillance and propaganda. We conclude by highlighting open questions about how the Internet and social media shape politics in democracies and autocracies.

scholarly journals Perceived truth of statements and simulated social media postings: an experimental investigation of source credibility, repeated exposure, and presentation format

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Nadarevic ◽  
Rolf Reber ◽  
Anne Josephine Helmecke ◽  
Dilara Köse
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Source Credibility ◽  
Repeated Exposure ◽  
Presentation Format ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Internet Age

Abstract To better understand the spread of fake news in the Internet age, it is important to uncover the variables that influence the perceived truth of information. Although previous research identified several reliable predictors of truth judgments—such as source credibility, repeated information exposure, and presentation format—little is known about their simultaneous effects. In a series of four experiments, we investigated how the abovementioned factors jointly affect the perceived truth of statements (Experiments 1 and 2) and simulated social media postings (Experiments 3 and 4). Experiment 1 explored the role of source credibility (high vs. low vs. no source information) and presentation format (with vs. without a picture). In Experiments 2 and 3, we additionally manipulated repeated exposure (yes vs. no). Finally, Experiment 4 examined the role of source credibility (high vs. low) and type of repetition (congruent vs. incongruent vs. no repetition) in further detail. In sum, we found no effect of presentation format on truth judgments, but strong, additive effects of source credibility and repetition. Truth judgments were higher for information presented by credible sources than non-credible sources and information without sources. Moreover, congruent (i.e., verbatim) repetition increased perceived truth whereas semantically incongruent repetition decreased perceived truth, irrespectively of the source. Our findings show that people do not rely on a single judgment cue when evaluating a statement’s truth but take source credibility and their meta-cognitive feelings into account.

The Evolution of Patients’ and Surgeons’ Perspectives Towards the Role of the Internet and Social Media in Breast Augmentation Over 5 Years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Montemurro ◽  
Vincent K S Tay ◽  
Per Hedén
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Education ◽  
Breast Augmentation ◽  
Aesthetic Surgery ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Patient Responses ◽  
Business Acumen ◽  
Unrealistic Expectations ◽  
Internet And Social Media

Abstract Background The influence of the internet and social media (SoMe) in the decision-making of patients is recognized. Plastic surgeons are aware of this trend but are entangled between ethics, professionalism, and business acumen. Objectives In this study, the authors presented the evolution of perspectives of patients and surgeons recruited through a private clinic over 5 years. Methods A questionnaire was administered to patients consulting for primary breast augmentation in 2014, 2017, and 2019. Plastic surgeons who worked at or visited the Akademikliniken in 2014, 2017, and 2019 completed a separate questionnaire. Results In total, 1646 patient responses were collected. Patients who started their information gathering with the internet increased from 68.0% to 72.9%, and 94.1% of patients looked for information about aesthetic surgery on the internet before their consultation. Patients who read about aesthetic surgery on SoMe increased 29.1%. Of 462 surgeons recruited, 62% opined that the majority of patients had gathered information online before consultation. Fewer surgeons in 2019 thought that the internet and SoMe led to better information (down from 61.7% to 35.2%). An increase from 38.3% to 65.3% of surgeons attributed it to unrealistic expectations. However, only 9.7% of surgeons would support removal of plastic surgery material from SoMe compared with 21.9% in 2014. Conclusions The increased utilization and influence of the internet and SoMe on patients and surgeons is rapid. Aesthetic plastic surgeons must equip themselves to cope with the risks and capitalize on the opportunity for patient engagement and public education.

scholarly journals Consumer Revenge Using the Internet and Social Media: An Examination of the Role of Service Failure Types and Cognitive Appraisal Processes

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaid Mohammad Ibrahim Obeidat ◽  
Sarah Hong Xiao ◽  
Gopalkrishnan R. Iyer ◽  
Michael Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cognitive Appraisal ◽  
Service Failure ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Appraisal Processes ◽  
Failure Types ◽  
Internet And Social Media

scholarly journals Fakebook: why Facebook makes the fake news problem inevitable

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-530
Author(s):  
Paul Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Mass Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internet And Social Media

The current ‘fake news’ phenomenon is a modern manifestation of something that has existed throughout history. The difference between what happens now and what has happened before is driven by the nature of the internet and social media – and Facebook in particular. Three key strands of Facebook’s business model – invading privacy to profile individuals, analysing mass data to profile groups, then algorithmically curating content and targeting individuals and groups for advertising – create a perfect environment for fake news. Proposals to ‘deal’ with fake news either focus on symptoms or embed us further in the algorithms that create the problem. Whilst we embrace social media, particularly as a route to news, there is little that can be done to reduce the impact of fake news and misinformation. The question is whether the benefits to freedom of expression that social media brings mean that this is a price worth paying.

scholarly journals Political Effects of the Internet and Social Media

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Zhuravskaya ◽  
Maria Petrova ◽  
Ruben Enikolopov
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Political Effects ◽  
Internet And Social Media

scholarly journals The Active Role of the Internet and Social Media Use in Nonpharmaceutical and Pharmaceutical Preventive Measures against COVID-19

Healthcare ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Tian Xie ◽  
Meihui Tang ◽  
Robert Jiqi Zhang ◽  
James H. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Internet And Social Media

During the COVID-19 pandemic, does more internet and social media use lead to taking more- or less-effective preventive measures against the disease? A two-wave longitudinal survey with the general population in mainland China in mid-2020 found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, internet and social media use intensity promoted the adoption of nonpharmaceutical and pharmaceutical antipandemic measures. The first wave of data (n = 1014) showed that the more intensively people used the internet/social media, the more they perceived the threat of the pandemic, and took more nonpharmaceutical preventive measures (e.g., wearing masks, maintaining social distance, and washing hands) as a result. The second wave (n = 220) showed firstly the predicted relationship between internet/social media use intensity and the perceived threat of the pandemic and the adoption of nonpharmaceutical preventive measures by cross-lagged analysis; secondly, the predictive effect of internet/social media use on the adoption of pharmacological measures (i.e., willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19) and the mediating role of perceived pandemic threat were verified. The article concludes with a discussion of the role of the internet and social media use in the fight against COVID-19 in specific macrosocial contexts.

scholarly journals Fakebook: why Facebook makes the fake news problem inevitable

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-530
Author(s):  
Paul Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Mass Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internet And Social Media

The current ‘fake news’ phenomenon is a modern manifestation of something that has existed throughout history. The difference between what happens now and what has happened before is driven by the nature of the internet and social media – and Facebook in particular. Three key strands of Facebook’s business model – invading privacy to profile individuals, analysing mass data to profile groups, then algorithmically curating content and targeting individuals and groups for advertising – create a perfect environment for fake news. Proposals to ‘deal’ with fake news either focus on symptoms or embed us further in the algorithms that create the problem. Whilst we embrace social media, particularly as a route to news, there is little that can be done to reduce the impact of fake news and misinformation. The question is whether the benefits to freedom of expression that social media brings mean that this is a price worth paying.

Brands, Truthiness and Post-Fact

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre R. Berthon ◽  
Leyland F. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Election Cycle ◽  
The Past ◽  
Internet And Social Media

In the past US election cycle, and mirrored by similar events in Europe, two trends have come to dominate social discourse: truthiness (the validity of something based on how it feels) and post-fact (taking a position that ignores facts). Human discourse has always contained elements of these, but the nature of the Internet and social media has pushed truthiness and post-facts to new levels. The purpose of this paper is to explore the complicated relationship brands have with fake news and discuss the implications for brand management of a post-truth world. We explore the complicated relationship brands have with fake news: Brands both fuel fake news and are burned by it. Next, we turn to the intellectual and instrumental roots of the post-truth world: postmodernism and its technological enablers, show how marketing became a purveyor of the postmodern worldview, and how brands have increasingly adopted truthiness and post-fact positions. We offer managers a way out of the postmodern cul-de-sac, discussing ways brands can be rethought and managed in a post-rational world.

Pre- and Midtrial Publicity in the Age of Internet and Social Media

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarika Daftary-Kapur ◽  
Steven D. Penrod
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Juror Decision Making ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internet And Social Media

Although juror misconduct has always been a concern, the prevalence of technology available to jurors has increased the ease with which jurors can improperly communicate with others, publish information regarding the trial, and conduct outside research on the case. This chapter discusses the role of the Internet and social media in the courtroom and how access to this information in the form of midtrial publicity might impact juror decision-making. Additionally, it discusses steps that have been taken by courts around the United States to address the issue of Internet use by jurors as well as recommendations to limit the impact of the Internet and social media on juror decision-making.

scholarly journals The Role of the Internet and Social Media in the Spread of ISIS in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Indra Martian Permana ◽  
Fadzli Adam
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Social Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internet And Social Media

The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is an organization against the background of Islamic jihad which was founded in Syria in 2014 and then brought the terror movement into war against those who disagreed with their movements including fighting Muslims in Syria. The advancement of Information Technology which gave birth to the internet and social media turned out to benefit ISIS, by spreading, recruiting, and raising funds through the internet and social media. ISIS distribution and propaganda can enter Indonesia through the internet and social media through the emergence of ISIS sites, Facebook ISIS and online bulletins and e-books online. The impact is that not a few Indonesian citizens are interested and join ISIS and even go to Syria and fight with ISIS.

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