scholarly journals Transnational Corporations and Global Governance

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Bartley
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Corporate Power ◽  
Environmental Regimes ◽  
Private Standards ◽  
The World ◽  
Corporate Actions ◽  
National Governments

Scholars and critics often lament that corporations rule the world, but predominant accounts of global governance imply almost the opposite: With theories populated by national governments and intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, it might appear that nearly everyone except corporations writes the rules that govern across borders. This article compiles research on the varied ways in which multinational and transnational corporations have shaped global governance, drawing attention to the contours and limits of corporate power. Corporations can be seen variously as sponsors, inhibitors, and direct providers of global governance. They have, for example, been sponsors of neoliberal trade rules, inhibitors of some labor and environmental regimes, and providers of private standards for finance, safety, sustainability, and human rights. Scholars may be tempted to focus on just one of these roles or to presume unified corporate dominance, but it is important to grapple with all three and to investigate the conditions under which corporate actions are more or less unified and decisive.

scholarly journals Odpowiedzialność osób zarządzających w transnarodowych korporacjach w prawie karnym – aspekty międzynarodowe i transnarodowe

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-96
Author(s):  
Kamil Boczek
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Corporate Managers ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
The World ◽  
International Laws ◽  
Forced Labour

Owing to increasing globalisation, transnational corporations play an important role in international trade. Those wealthy and very complex entities have a major impact on reality and often engage in activities which involve illegal practices such as the environmental pollution, forced labour and other serious infringement of employees’ right or even crimes against humanity. Carrying on business which is primarily profit-oriented may result in violations of fundamental human rights, if this is required for a corporation to financially exploit a business opportunity. It is difficult in practice to hold these entities and their corporate directors to account. Regulations regarding criminal responsibility of managers of transnational corporations can be found in national and international laws. However, criminal proceedings do not give satisfactory results. The main problem lies in powers, flexibility and close links of those corporations with local authorities. The paper points to different solutions applied throughout the world, and describes the best-known criminal proceedings against corporate managers.

Internet Governance

2011 ◽  
pp. 468-483
Author(s):  
Lauren Movius
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Governance ◽  
World Summit ◽  
Technical Issue ◽  
Domain Name ◽  
Formal Framework ◽  
The World ◽  
National Governments

As the Internet has spread globally, and its economic, political, and cultural influences have increased, it is necessary to develop appropriate policy to govern it, in order to manage and protect it’s presence in our lives. While national governments apply their laws on the Internet, the Internet presents many issues that span national jurisdictions, and therefore requires global governance. Early Internet governance was self-regulatory and involved organizations and a community of users that made decisions through rough consensus. ICANN and the technical issue of domain name and addressing began debates over the issue of Internet governance. Larger issues of Internet governance emerged during the World Summit on the Information Society, whose existence illustrates the shift towards accepting the need for a global, more formal framework of governance. This chapter explores Internet governance and covers the following themes: understanding the challenge of governing the Internet; frameworks and definitions of Internet governance; and the evolution of the Internet governance debate. As there is much disagreement about what Internet governance is, this chapter synthesizes the main issues and debates and provides an overview of Internet governance.

scholarly journals The World Trade Organization's legitimacy crisis

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL C. ESTY
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Trade Regime ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Successful Launch ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Legitimacy Crisis

Despite the successful launch of a new round of multilateral trade negotiations at Doha, the World Trade Organization faces a legitimacy crisis. Protests continue to rock major international economic meetings, and the WTO's role in globalization is being questioned by many observers. This paper examines the contours of this crisis and explores the possibility that the WTO's indirect ties to popular sovereignty – through national governments – provide an insufficient foundation for the trade regime's authority and central role in the emerging structure of global governance. Arguing that the WTO needs to re-establish its legitimacy based on wider links to the public around the world in whose name freer trade is pursued, the paper suggests that the WTO must also re-build its reputation for efficacy in a context where success is no longer measured exclusively in narrow economic terms. To be seen as serving the interests of the world community broadly, the trade regime needs to pursue its economic goals in a fashion that shows sensitivity to other important goals and values, such as poverty alleviation, environmental protection, and the promotion of public health. Long-term success further depends on the trade regime becoming embedded within a broader structure of global governance that provides ‘checks and balances’ and reinforces the legitimacy of international trade policy making.

scholarly journals A World without a Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Juliano Fiori
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Southern States ◽  
The World

In this interview, Celso Amorim, former Brazilian foreign minister, discusses changes in global governance and their likely impact on international cooperation. He critically reflects on his experiences in positioning Brazil on the world stage and democratising human rights. And he considers whether the influence of Brazil and other Southern states is likely to continue expanding.

scholarly journals Local Authorities as Peace Factors/Actors/ Workers

2000 ◽  
pp. 860-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Gartung
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
Civil Societies

The world is a system, meaning inter-connected, with inter- connections among the inter-connections. But what are the inter-connected, related components, units, elements, in this set? Obviously they are the triad of modernity: states, corporations, civil societies, and their projections on the world scene, that is, the intergovernmental organizations, the transnational corporations, and the nongovernmental organizations (international civil society). Thoughtful students would ask, how about us, humans? The more ecologically minded will add non-human nature. But when prodded, “what else is there in the world?” very few come up with a rather obvious answer: the local authorities. And they are numerous, in the low millions, ranging from the megalopolis down to the smallest little municipality wherever.

scholarly journals Business and Human Rights: The Evolving International Agenda

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gerard Ruggie
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
International Economic Order ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Soviet Bloc ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Business And Human Rights

The state-based system of global governance has struggled for more than a generation to adjust to the expanding reach and growing influence of transnational corporations. The United Nations first attempted to establish binding international rules to govern the activities of transnationals in the 1970s. That endeavor was initiated by developing countries as part of a broader regulatory program with redistributive aims known as the New International Economic Order. Human rights did not feature in this initiative. The Soviet bloc supported it while most industrialized countries were opposed. Negotiations ground to a halt after more than a decade, though they were not formally abandoned until 1992.

The Fifty-Fifth Session of the UN Commission on Human Rights

2000 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
United Nations ◽  
The State ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
The World ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Kofi Annan

The fifty-fifth session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights took place in Geneva from March 22 to April 30, 1999, and was chaired by Ambassador Anne Anderson of Ireland. The Commission reviewed the state of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the world, adopting eighty-two resolutions, fifty-eight by consensus, and thirteen decisions.More than thirty-two hundred participants represented fifty-three member and ninety-one observer states, over two hundred nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and some fiftyfive specialized agencies and other organizations. Secretary-General Kofi Annan underscored the priority he attaches to human rights by stating that “the promodon and defense of human rights is at the heart of every aspect of our work and every article of our Charter. ”

Corporate Power and the Protection of Human Rights in Equilibrium

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasima Khan
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
International Business ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Corporate Law ◽  
Corporate Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Responsible Manner

Corporate power reaches beyond land frontiers and holds sway over the lives of billions of individuals throughout communities and living environments all over the world. Regrettably, this power is not always exercised in a responsible manner when we look at the amount of violations of human rights in which corporations have been involved through their international business affairs. In order to prevent an abuse of corporate authority to the detriment of human rights, the impact of corporate power should be balanced with a matching responsibility towards all members of society. This article examines how corporate power and the protection of human rights are currently out of equilibrium. Subsequently, it explores solutions in the field of corporate law and best practices such as the emergence of social entrepreneurship to restore this equilibrium.

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