CT: A New Nondestructive Method for Visualizing and Characterizing Ancient Roman Glass Fragments in Situ in Blocks of Soil

Radiographics ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1837-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roel J. Jansen ◽  
Martin Poulus ◽  
Jaap Kottman ◽  
Tessa de Groot ◽  
Dirk J. Huisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Roman Glass

scholarly journals Verification of a Nondestructive Method for Assessing the Humidity of Saline Brick Walls in Historical Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6926
Author(s):  
Anna Hoła ◽  
Łukasz Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Average Absolute Error ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Very High ◽  
Construction Practice

The paper presents the results of the verification of the neural method for assessing the humidity of saline brick walls. The method was previously developed by the authors and can be useful for the nondestructive assessment of the humidity of walls in historic buildings when destructive intervention during testing is not possible due to conservation restrictions. However, before being implemented in construction practice, this method requires validation by verification on other historic buildings, which to date has not been done. The paper presents the results of such verification, which has never been carried out before, and thus extends the scope of knowledge related to the issue. For experimental verification of the artificial neural network (ANN), the results of moisture tests of two selected historic buildings, other than those used for ANN learning and testing processes, were used. An artificial unidirectional multilayer neural network with backward error propagation and the algorithm for learning conjugate gradient (CG) was found to be useful for this purpose. The obtained satisfactory value of the linear correlation coefficient R of 0.807 and low average absolute error |Δf| of 1.16% confirms this statement. The values of average relative error |RE| of 19.02%, which were obtained in this research, were not very high for an in-situ study. Moreover, the relative error values |RE| were mostly in the range of 15% to 25%.

scholarly journals In situ magnetic identification of giant, needle-shaped magnetofossils in Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum sediments

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. e2018169118
Author(s):  
Courtney L. Wagner ◽  
Ramon Egli ◽  
Ioan Lascu ◽  
Peter C. Lippert ◽  
Kenneth J. T. Livi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Micromagnetic Simulations ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Magnetic Signatures ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Hyperthermal Events

Near-shore marine sediments deposited during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum at Wilson Lake, NJ, contain abundant conventional and giant magnetofossils. We find that giant, needle-shaped magnetofossils from Wilson Lake produce distinct magnetic signatures in low-noise, high-resolution first-order reversal curve (FORC) measurements. These magnetic measurements on bulk sediment samples identify the presence of giant, needle-shaped magnetofossils. Our results are supported by micromagnetic simulations of giant needle morphologies measured from transmission electron micrographs of magnetic extracts from Wilson Lake sediments. These simulations underscore the single-domain characteristics and the large magnetic coercivity associated with the extreme crystal elongation of giant needles. Giant magnetofossils have so far only been identified in sediments deposited during global hyperthermal events and therefore may serve as magnetic biomarkers of environmental disturbances. Our results show that FORC measurements are a nondestructive method for identifying giant magnetofossil assemblages in bulk sediments, which will help test their ecology and significance with respect to environmental change.

Innovative Nondestructive Method Determines Fracture Toughness of In-Service Pipelines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmy M. Haggag ◽  
Larry D. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Liquid Natural Gas

Applications of the innovative, patented Stress-Strain Microprobe (SSM) system, that utilizes an in-situ nondestructive Automated Ball Indentation (ABI) test technique to determine fracture toughness of in-service steel pipelines, are described in this paper. The ABI test provides the actual/current values of fracture toughness properties for base metal, welds, and heat-affected-zones. The ABI-measured key mechanical properties are used with other nondestructive measurements, such as crack/defect sizes (determined from in-line smart pigs or from on-line ultrasound instruments), to determine the safe operating pressure of the pipeline or to necessitate certain rehabilitation actions. The ABI test is based on progressive indentation with intermediate partial unloadings until the desired/required maximum depth (maximum strain) is reached, and then the indenter is fully unloaded. The ABI test is fully automated (using a notebook computer, data acquisition system, and a servo motor), and a single test is completed in less than two minutes. This paper describes two recent field investigations. The first investigation assessed a catastrophic failure that occurred in a natural gas plant on a cold winter night shortly following the leak of liquid natural gas into a natural gas pipeline. The combination of cold temperature and high strain rate near a crack resulted in the destruction of approximately a 12-meter section of a 508-mm (20-inch) diameter pipeline into several hundred small pieces. Since the remaining pieces from the exploded pipeline section were not sufficient to machine destructive tensile and fracture toughness specimens, the SSM system was used to measure the tensile and fracture toughness properties from multiple ABI tests on several pipeline pieces. The ABI-measured tensile and fracture toughness results provided the basis for the fitness-for-service assessment of the remaining pipeline sections of the natural gas plant. The second application involved a fire that occurred due to a leak from a 356-mm (14-inch) diameter Kerosene pipeline. The fire-damaged section of the pipeline was cut out and replaced. As part of the effort to prevent future accidents, the entire 7-km pipeline needed a structural integrity assessment. In-Situ ABI tests were conducted to measure the tensile and fracture toughness properies, from each ABI test, for the fitness-for-service assessment since the carbon steel pipeline had undocumented grade.

Corrosion of archaeological model glasses after 32 years of burial at Ballidon

2006 ◽  
Vol 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. McLoughlin ◽  
Neil C. Hyatt ◽  
R. J. Hand ◽  
William E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thick Layer ◽  
Surface Phenomenon ◽  
Silicate Matrix ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
Roman Glass ◽  
Congruent Dissolution ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
Glass Compositions ◽  
Medieval Glass

ABSTRACTThe groundwater corrosion of three archaeological model glass compositions, a replica Roman glass (B1), a medieval glass (B2) and a 17th century glass (B3), recovered from the Ballidon burial site, were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Given the equivalent burial conditions for all three glasses, the different corrosion mechanisms of these glasses are dependent principally upon composition, and in particular the dominant alkali and network former content. Composition B1 was found to the most durable glass and showed progressive Na leaching coupled with dissolution of the silicate matrix in the outermost 5μm after 32 years of burial. The B2 and B3 compositions were found to be less durable and corroded via congruent dissolution of the silicate matrix and in situ condensation, resulting in the formation of a discrete 5-15μm thick layer after only 1 year of burial. The formation of a protective Ca-rich surface layer was observed for B2, hindering successive inward growth of the dissolution reaction and favouring localised pitting of the extant layer. The protective surface phenomenon was not observed for B3, and a large increase in layer thickness was observed after nine years of burial.

Assessment of Concrete Permeability by a Nondestructive Method

2009 ◽  
Vol 405-406 ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yu Hao ◽  
Zhi Gang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Concrete Permeability ◽  
Durability Assessment ◽  
Preliminary Application

Concrete permeability has been an important part of durability assessment of existing structures. The preliminary application of in-situ permeation assessment by Autoclam system was reported in this paper. The reliability of this nondestructive method has been preliminary proved.

In situ NADH laser fluorimetry of rat fast- and slow-twitch muscles during tetanus

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 2692-2695 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Duboc ◽  
M. Muffat-Joly ◽  
G. Renault ◽  
M. Degeorges ◽  
M. Toussaint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Laser Fluorimetry ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Slow Twitch

To investigate the variations of oxidation-reduction status of fast- and slow-twitch muscles during intense contractions, we performed in situ NADH laser fluorimetry during 25-s tetanus in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and in soleus (SOL) muscles of eight Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. At base line the compensated NADH fluorescence (F0) was not significantly different between EDL and SOL. In EDL, tetanic stimulation induced an increase of F0, which rapidly reached a plateau that was 124% over the base-line value and stable until the end of the stimulation. In SOL, after an initial shouldering there was a continuous increase of F0 until the end of tetanus, reaching 275% of the base-line value. After the stimulation the initial rate of recovery was significantly faster in SOL than in EDL. We conclude that during and after intense contraction the variation of NADH content vs. time can be evaluated by in situ NADH laser fluorimetry in different muscle types. This nondestructive method can be helpful to differentiate in situ the various physiological or pathological oxidative capabilities of skeletal muscles.

In situ assessment of independent wire rope core ropes in cage winders by a nondestructive method

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 585-588
Author(s):  
Debasish Basak ◽  
Srimanta Pal ◽  
Dipak Chandra Patranabis
Keyword(s):  
Wire Rope ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
In Situ Assessment

Rendez vous with Saturn's rings

1984 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 743-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry T. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Low Thrust ◽  
Ring Plane ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Total Impulse ◽  
Saturn's Rings

ABSTRACTA mission to rendezvous with the rings of Saturn is studied with regard to science rationale and instrumentation and engineering feasibility and design. Future detailedin situexploration of the rings of Saturn will require spacecraft systems with enormous propulsive capability. NASA is currently studying the critical technologies for just such a system, called Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP). Electric propulsion is the only technology which can effectively provide the required total impulse for this demanding mission. Furthermore, the power source must be nuclear because the solar energy reaching Saturn is only 1% of that at the Earth. An important aspect of this mission is the ability of the low thrust propulsion system to continuously boost the spacecraft above the ring plane as it spirals in toward Saturn, thus enabling scientific measurements of ring particles from only a few kilometers.

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