On The Impact of the Locality on Short-Circuit Characteristics: Experimental Analysis and Multiphysics Simulation of External and Local Short-Circuits Applied to Lithium-Ion Batteries

Current studies on the mechanical abuse of lithium-ion batteries usually focus on the mechanical damage process of batteries inside a jelly roll. In contrast, this paper investigates the internal short circuits inside batteries. Experimental results of voltage and temperature responses of lithium-ion batteries showed that battery internal short circuits evolve from a soft internal short circuit to a hard internal short circuit, as battery deformation continues. We utilized an improved coupled electrochemical-electric-thermal model to further analyze the battery thermal responses under different conditions of internal short circuit. Experimental and simulation results indicated that the state of charge of Li-ion batteries is a critical factor in determining the intensities of the soft short-circuit response and hard short-circuit response, especially when the resistance of the internal short circuit decreases to a substantially low level. Simulation results further revealed that the material properties of the short circuit object have a significant impact on the thermal responses and that an appropriate increase in the adhesion strength between the aluminum current collector and the positive electrode can improve battery safety under mechanical abusive conditions.

Download Full-text

Quantifying and modeling of stress-driven short-circuits in lithium-ion batteries in electrified vehicles

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d0ta12082k ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Binghe Liu ◽

Xudong Duan ◽

Chunhao Yuan ◽

Lubing Wang ◽

Jiani Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Internal Short Circuit ◽

Short Circuits ◽

Electrified Vehicles

This study identifies the minor and major short circuits of cells upon various mechanical abusive loadings and establishes the internal short circuit criteria for typical formats of batteries.

Download Full-text

Advances of 2nd Life Applications for Lithium Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles Based on Energy Demand

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13105726 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 5726

Author(s):

Aleksandra Wewer ◽

Pinar Bilge ◽

Franz Dietrich

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Future Research ◽

Research Areas ◽

Study Results ◽

The Impact

Electromobility is a new approach to the reduction of CO2 emissions and the deceleration of global warming. Its environmental impacts are often compared to traditional mobility solutions based on gasoline or diesel engines. The comparison pertains mostly to the single life cycle of a battery. The impact of multiple life cycles remains an important, and yet unanswered, question. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate advances of 2nd life applications for lithium ion batteries from electric vehicles based on their energy demand. Therefore, it highlights the limitations of a conventional life cycle analysis (LCA) and presents a supplementary method of analysis by providing the design and results of a meta study on the environmental impact of lithium ion batteries. The study focuses on energy demand, and investigates its total impact for different cases considering 2nd life applications such as (C1) material recycling, (C2) repurposing and (C3) reuse. Required reprocessing methods such as remanufacturing of batteries lie at the basis of these 2nd life applications. Batteries are used in their 2nd lives for stationary energy storage (C2, repurpose) and electric vehicles (C3, reuse). The study results confirm that both of these 2nd life applications require less energy than the recycling of batteries at the end of their first life and the production of new batteries. The paper concludes by identifying future research areas in order to generate precise forecasts for 2nd life applications and their industrial dissemination.

Download Full-text

Performance Analysis of Indentation Punch on High Energy Lithium Pouch Cells and Simulated Model Improvement

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13121971 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 1971

Author(s):

Lihua Ye ◽

Muhammad Muzamal Ashfaq ◽

Aiping Shi ◽

Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah ◽

Yefan Shi

Keyword(s):

Short Circuit ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Mechanical Deformation ◽

High Energy ◽

State Of Charge ◽

Punch Test ◽

Short Course ◽

Model Cell ◽

The Impact

In this research, the aim relates to the material characterization of high-energy lithium-ion pouch cells. The development of appropriate model cell behavior is intended to simulate two scenarios: the first is mechanical deformation during a crash and the second is an internal short circuit in lithium-ion cells during the actual effect scenarios. The punch test has been used as a benchmark to analyze the effects of different state of charge conditions on high-energy lithium-ion battery cells. This article explores the impact of three separate factors on the outcomes of mechanical punch indentation experiments. The first parameter analyzed was the degree of prediction brought about by experiments on high-energy cells with two different states of charge (greater and lesser), with four different sizes of indentation punch, from the cell’s reaction during the indentation effects on electrolyte. Second, the results of the loading position, middle versus side, are measured at quasi-static speeds. The third parameter was the effect on an electrolyte with a different state of charge. The repeatability of the experiments on punch loading was the last test function analyzed. The test results of a greater than 10% state of charge and less than 10% state of charge were compared to further refine and validate this modeling method. The different loading scenarios analyzed in this study also showed great predictability in the load-displacement reaction and the onset short circuit. A theoretical model of the cell was modified for use in comprehensive mechanical deformation. The overall conclusion found that the loading initiating the cell’s electrical short circuit is not instantaneously instigated and it is subsequently used to process the development of a precise and practical computational model that will reduce the chances of the internal short course during the crash.

Download Full-text

A review of the internal short circuit mechanism in lithium‐ion batteries: Inducement, detection and prevention

International Journal of Energy Research ◽

10.1002/er.6920 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lili Huang ◽

Lishuo Liu ◽

Languang Lu ◽

Xuning Feng ◽

Xuebing Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Internal Short Circuit

Download Full-text

A detailed computational model for cylindrical lithium-ion batteries under mechanical loading: From cell deformation to short-circuit onset

Journal of Power Sources ◽

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.12.059 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 413 ◽

pp. 284-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Lubing Wang ◽

Sha Yin ◽

Jun Xu

Keyword(s):

Computational Model ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Mechanical Loading ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Cell Deformation

Download Full-text

Highly Anisotropic Thermal Transport in LiCoO2

10.26434/chemrxiv.8874404.v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hui Yang ◽

Jia-Yue Yang ◽

Christopher Savory ◽

Jonathan Skelton ◽

Benjamin Morgan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Phonon Dispersion ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Boltzmann Transport ◽

Heat Management ◽

Positive Electrodes ◽

Anharmonic Lattice ◽

Anharmonic Interactions ◽

The Impact

<div>LiCoO2 is the prototype cathode in lithium ion batteries. It adopts a crystal structure with alternating Li+ and CoO2- layers along the hexagonal <0001> axis. It is well established that ionic and electronic conduction is highly anisotropic; however, little is known regarding heat transport. We analyse the phonon dispersion and lifetimes of LiCoO2 using anharmonic lattice dynamics based on quantum chemical force constants. Around room temperature, the thermal conductivity in the hexagonal ab plane of the layered cathode is ≈ 6 times higher than that along the c axis based on the phonon Boltzmann transport. The low thermal conductivity (< 10Wm-1K-1) originates from a combination of short phonon lifetimes associated with anharmonic interactions between the octahedral face-sharing CoO2- networks, as well as grain boundary scattering. The impact on heat management and thermal processes in lithium ion batteries based on layered positive electrodes is discussed.</div>

Download Full-text

Performance of Parallel Connected SiC MOSFETs under Short Circuits Conditions

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14206834 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 6834

Author(s):

Ruizhu Wu ◽

Simon Mendy ◽

Nereus Agbo ◽

Jose Ortiz Gonzalez ◽

Saeed Jahdi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Charge Trapping ◽

Parallel Connection ◽

Bias Temperature Instability ◽

Test Methodology ◽

Threshold Voltages ◽

Short Circuits ◽

The Impact

This paper investigates the impact of parameter variation between parallel connected SiC MOSFETs on short circuit (SC) performance. SC tests are performed on parallel connected devices with different switching rates, junction temperatures and threshold voltages (VTH). The results show that VTH variation is the most critical factor affecting reduced robustness of parallel devices under SC. The SC current conducted per device is shown to increase under parallel connection compared to single device measurements. VTH shift from bias–temperature–instability (BTI) is known to occur in SiC MOSFETs, hence this paper combines BTI and SC tests. The results show that a positive VGS stress on the gate before the SC measurement reduces the peak SC current by a magnitude that is proportional to VGS stress time. Repeating the measurements at elevated temperatures reduces the time dependency of the VTH shift, thereby indicating thermal acceleration of negative charge trapping. VTH recovery is also observed using SC measurements. Similar measurements are performed on Si IGBTs with no observable impact of VGS stress on SC measurements. In conclusion, a test methodology for investigating the impact of BTI on SC characteristics is presented along with key results showing the electrothermal dynamics of parallel devices under SC conditions.

Download Full-text