scholarly journals Exploring the Limits of the Rapid-Charging Performance of Graphite as the Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Connor Welty ◽  
Margaret R. Peterson ◽  
Jeffrey Read ◽  
Nicholas Paul Stadie
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Graphite Anodes ◽  
Electrolyte Cathode ◽  
Crystalline Graphite

Abstract Graphite is, in principle, applicable as a high-power anode in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) given its high intralayer lithium diffusivity at room temperature. However, such cells are known to exhibit poor capacity retention and/or undergo irreversible side reactions including lithium plating when charged at current rates above ~2C (~740 mA g-1). To explore the inherent materials properties that limit graphite anodes in rapid-charge applications, a series of full-cells consisting of graphite as the anode and a standard Li[Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1]O2 (NMC811) cathode was investigated. Instead of a conventional cathode-limited cell design, an anode-limited approach was used in this work to ensure that the overall cell capacity is only determined by the graphite electrode of interest. The optimized N:P capacity ratio was determined as N/P = 0.67, enabling stable cycling across a wide range of charging rates (4-20C) without inhibition by the NMC811 cathode. The results show that unmodified, highly crystalline graphite can be an excellent anode for rapid-charge applications at up to 8C, even with a standard electrolyte and NMC811 cathode and in cells with 1.0 mAh cm-2 loadings. As a rule, capacity and specific energy are inversely proportional to crystallite size at high rates; performance can likely be improved by electrolyte/cathode tuning.

scholarly journals Li2ZrO3-Coated Monocrystalline LiAl0.06Mn1.94O4 Particles as Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3223
Author(s):  
Chunliu Li ◽  
Banglei Zhao ◽  
Junfeng Yang ◽  
Linchao Zhang ◽  
Qianfeng Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Rate Performance ◽  
Al Doping ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Initial Capacity

Li2ZrO3-coated and Al-doped micro-sized monocrystalline LiMn2O4 powder is synthesized through solid-state reaction, and the electrochemical performance is investigated as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. It is found that Li2ZrO3-coated LiAl0.06Mn1.94O4 delivers a discharge capacity of 110.90 mAhg−1 with 94% capacity retention after 200 cycles at room temperature and a discharge capacity of 104.4 mAhg−1 with a capacity retention of 87.8% after 100 cycles at 55 °C. Moreover, Li2ZrO3-coated LiAl0.06Mn1.94O4 could retain 87.5% of its initial capacity at 5C rate. This superior cycling and rate performance can be greatly contributed to the synergistic effect of Al-doping and Li2ZrO3-coating.

scholarly journals Separation and Efficient Recovery of Lithium from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1091
Author(s):  
Eva Gerold ◽  
Stefan Luidold ◽  
Helmut Antrekowitsch
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Efficient Recovery

The consumption of lithium has increased dramatically in recent years. This can be primarily attributed to its use in lithium-ion batteries for the operation of hybrid and electric vehicles. Due to its specific properties, lithium will also continue to be an indispensable key component for rechargeable batteries in the next decades. An average lithium-ion battery contains 5–7% of lithium. These values indicate that used rechargeable batteries are a high-quality raw material for lithium recovery. Currently, the feasibility and reasonability of the hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries is still a field of research. This work is intended to compare the classic method of the precipitation of lithium from synthetic and real pregnant leaching liquors gained from spent lithium-ion batteries with sodium carbonate (state of the art) with alternative precipitation agents such as sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate. Furthermore, the correlation of the obtained product to the used type of phosphate is comprised. In addition, the influence of the process temperature (room temperature to boiling point), as well as the stoichiometric factor of the precipitant, is investigated in order to finally enable a statement about an efficient process, its parameter and the main dependencies.

scholarly journals Ex-situ Li plating detection on graphite anodes in extremely fast-charged lithium-ion batteries using simultaneous neutron and X-ray tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
pp. 2732-2735
Author(s):  
Maha Yusuf ◽  
Jacob LaManna ◽  
Partha Paul ◽  
David Agyeman-Budu ◽  
Michael Toney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphite Anodes

FEC-LiTFSI-Pyr1ATFSI Ionic Liquid Electrolyte to Improve Low Temperature Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
Xiao Xue Zhang ◽  
Zhen Feng Wang ◽  
Cui Hua Li ◽  
Jian Hong Liu ◽  
Qian Ling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Capacity Retention ◽  
Composite Electrolyte ◽  
Ionic Liquid Electrolyte ◽  
Fluoroethylene Carbonate

N-methyl-N-allylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (PYR1ATFSI) with substantial supercooling behavior is synthesized to develop low temperature electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. Additive fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) in LiTFSI/PYR1ATFSI/EC/PC/EMC is found that it can reduce the freezing point. LiFePO4/Li coin cells with the FEC-PYR1ATFSI electrolyte exhibit good capacity retention, reversible cycling behavior at low temperatures. The good performance can be attributed to the decrease in the freezing point and the polarization of the composite electrolyte.

Synthesis of α-Fe2O3/carbon nanocomposites as high capacity electrodes for next generation lithium ion batteries: a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (47) ◽  
pp. 18223-18239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Keppeler ◽  
Nan Shen ◽  
Shubha Nageswaran ◽  
Madhavi Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Carbon Nanocomposites ◽  
Graphite Anodes

Review of the research progress in α-Fe2O3/carbon nanocomposites with superior electrochemical performance as promising alternatives to graphite anodes in LIBs.

Enhanced performance and lifetime of lithium-ion batteries by laser structuring of graphite anodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 117693
Author(s):  
Johannes Kriegler ◽  
Lucas Hille ◽  
Sandro Stock ◽  
Ludwig Kraft ◽  
Jan Hagemeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Laser Structuring ◽  
Graphite Anodes

scholarly journals Aging Mechanisms of Electrode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Lin ◽  
Aihua Tang ◽  
Hao Mu ◽  
Wenwei Wang ◽  
Chun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Carbon Anode ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Aging Mechanisms

Electrode material aging leads to a decrease in capacity and/or a rise in resistance of the whole cell and thus can dramatically affect the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Furthermore, the aging phenomena are extremely complicated to describe due to the coupling of various factors. In this review, we give an interpretation of capacity/power fading of electrode-oriented aging mechanisms under cycling and various storage conditions for metallic oxide-based cathodes and carbon-based anodes. For the cathode of lithium-ion batteries, the mechanical stress and strain resulting from the lithium ions insertion and extraction predominantly lead to structural disordering. Another important aging mechanism is the metal dissolution from the cathode and the subsequent deposition on the anode. For the anode, the main aging mechanisms are the loss of recyclable lithium ions caused by the formation and increasing growth of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and the mechanical fatigue caused by the diffusion-induced stress on the carbon anode particles. Additionally, electrode aging largely depends on the electrochemical behaviour under cycling and storage conditions and results from both structural/morphological changes and side reactions aggravated by decomposition products and protic impurities in the electrolyte.

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