Neutron Dark-Field Analysis of Commercial Lithium-Ion Batteries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hussey ◽  
Adam J Brooks ◽  
Jacob LaManna ◽  
David Jacobson ◽  
Leslie Butler
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Dark Field Imaging ◽  
Field Imaging

A novel imaging mode, neutron dark field imaging, extends the capability of neutron imaging to enable one to measure the microstructure, that is length scales from the nm to µm. The dark field is a measure of the pair correlation function, which is linked to conventional small angle. Neutron dark field images of lithium-ion batteries provide spatially resolved measurements (with resolution ~100 µm) of the particle distribution along the path of the neutron beam. We applied neutron dark-field imaging to commercial lithium-ion batteries with different capacities, states of charge, and wear. The images probed length scales from 100 nm to 3 µm. We observed a uniform dark field signal across the fresh battery in both charge states which is contrasted with the worn batteries, which show clear inhomogeneities in the dark field signal, which indicates that the underlying electrode structures have changed in a non-uniform fashion.

scholarly journals Wavelength-dispersive dark-field contrast: micrometre structure resolution in neutron imaging with gratings

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Strobl ◽  
B. Betz ◽  
R. P. Harti ◽  
A. Hilger ◽  
N. Kardjilov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Matter ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Spatial Image ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Dark Field Imaging ◽  
Field Imaging

Dark-field imaging using grating interferometers has been proven to have a high potential for applications in engineering, magnetism, and soft matter and biophysics, as well as in medicine with both neutrons and X-rays. The access to spatially resolved small-angle scattering information in neutron dark-field imaging provides information about structures beyond direct spatial image resolution. The dark-field contrast modality is hence a valuable tool for materials science based on neutron imaging. This is underlined by the success of the method, despite its current limitation to qualitative scattering information. Here it is demonstrated how a wavelength-dispersive approach allows such drawbacks to be overcome by providing quantitative structure size information and hence can introduce novel possibilities and insights for materials science.

scholarly journals The new neutron grating interferometer at the ANTARES beamline: design, principles and applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1488-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Reimann ◽  
Sebastian Mühlbauer ◽  
Michael Horisberger ◽  
Benedikt Betz ◽  
Peter Böni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Field Image ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Dark Field Imaging ◽  
Contrast Mechanism ◽  
Grating Interferometer ◽  
Field Imaging

Neutron grating interferometry is an advanced method in neutron imaging that allows the simultaneous recording of the transmission, the differential phase and the dark-field image. The latter in particular has recently been the subject of much interest because of its unique contrast mechanism which marks ultra-small-angle neutron scattering within the sample. Hence, in neutron grating interferometry, an imaging contrast is generated by scattering of neutrons off micrometre-sized inhomogeneities. Although the scatterer cannot be resolved, it leads to a measurable local decoherence of the beam. Here, a report is given on the design considerations, principles and applications of a new neutron grating interferometer which has recently been implemented at the ANTARES beamline at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum. Its highly flexible design allows users to perform experiments such as directional and quantitative dark-field imaging which provide spatially resolved information on the anisotropy and shape of the microstructure of the sample. A comprehensive overview of the neutron grating interferometer principle is given, followed by theoretical considerations to optimize the setup performance for different applications. Furthermore, an extensive characterization of the setup is presented and its abilities are demonstrated using selected case studies: (i) dark-field imaging for material differentiation, (ii) directional dark-field imaging to mark and quantify micrometre anisotropies within the sample, and (iii) quantitative dark-field imaging, providing additional size information on the sample's microstructure by probing its autocorrelation function.

Detection of a point defect in a silicon single crystal by high-resolution TEM

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
M. Awaji
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Point Defect ◽  
Point Defects ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Silicon Single Crystal ◽  
High Resolution Image ◽  
Dark Field Imaging ◽  
Field Imaging

It is necessary to improve the resolution, brightness and signal-to-noise ratio(s/n) for the detection and identification of point defects in crystals. In order to observe point defects, multi-beam dark-field imaging is one of the useful methods. Though this method can improve resolution and brightness compared with dark-field imaging by diffuse scattering, the problem of s/n still exists. In order to improve the exposure time due to the low intensity of the dark-field image and the low resolution, we discuss in this paper the bright-field high-resolution image and the corresponding subtracted image with reference to a changing noise level, and examine the possibility for in-situ observation, identification and detection of the movement of a point defect produced in the early stage of damage process by high energy electron bombardment.The high-resolution image contrast of a silicon single crystal in the [10] orientation containing a triple divacancy cluster is calculated using the Cowley-Moodie dynamical theory and for a changing gaussian noise level. This divacancy model was deduced from experimental results obtained by electron spin resonance. The calculation condition was for the lMeV Berkeley ARM operated at 800KeV.

scholarly journals Noninvasive, in vivo assessment of the cervical microcirculation using incident dark field imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 104145
Author(s):  
Yani P. Latul ◽  
Arnoud W. Kastelein ◽  
Patricia W.T. Beemster ◽  
Nienke E. van Trommel ◽  
Can Ince ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Field ◽  
Dark Field Imaging ◽  
Incident Dark Field Imaging ◽  
Field Imaging ◽  
In Vivo Assessment

scholarly journals Correlation of image quality parameters with tube voltage in X-ray dark-field chest radiography: a phantom study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas P. Sauter ◽  
Jana Andrejewski ◽  
Manuela Frank ◽  
Konstantin Willer ◽  
Julia Herzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Tube Voltage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dose Area Product ◽  
Dark Field Imaging ◽  
Field Imaging

AbstractGrating-based X-ray dark-field imaging is a novel imaging modality with enormous technical progress during the last years. It enables the detection of microstructure impairment as in the healthy lung a strong dark-field signal is present due to the high number of air-tissue interfaces. Using the experience from setups for animal imaging, first studies with a human cadaver could be performed recently. Subsequently, the first dark-field scanner for in-vivo chest imaging of humans was developed. In the current study, the optimal tube voltage for dark-field radiography of the thorax in this setup was examined using an anthropomorphic chest phantom. Tube voltages of 50–125 kVp were used while maintaining a constant dose-area-product. The resulting dark-field and attenuation radiographs were evaluated in a reader study as well as objectively in terms of contrast-to-noise ratio and signal strength. We found that the optimum tube voltage for dark-field imaging is 70 kVp as here the most favorable combination of image quality, signal strength, and sharpness is present. At this voltage, a high image quality was perceived in the reader study also for attenuation radiographs, which should be sufficient for routine imaging. The results of this study are fundamental for upcoming patient studies with living humans.

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