Problem-based learning and the medical school: another case of the emperor’s new clothes?

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Butler ◽  
David Inman ◽  
Derek Lobb
Keyword(s):  
Learning Experience ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional School ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Academic Environment ◽  
Professional Schools ◽  
Professional Qualification ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Open Nature

For almost four decades, problem-based learning (PBL) has been the stated cornerstone of learning in many medical schools. Proponents of PBL cite the open nature of the learning experience where students are free to study in depth, unencumbered by the burdens of broad courses based on the memorization of facts; detractors, on the other hand, cite the lack of breadth and factual knowledge required for professional qualification. Both points of view have merit. Professional schools have a different set of needs and requirements, and it is these that drive the curriculum and learning philosophies. The constraints of the professional school are so different from those of the purely academic environment that PBL, while admirably suited to the latter, is just problem solving in the former.

Pengaruh Jenis Masalah pada Problem Based Learning terhadap Dinamika Metakognisi Siswa SMA Kelas X pada Konsep Stoikiometri

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Issaura Sherly Pamela ◽  
Muhammad Rusdi ◽  
Asrial Asrial
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Model Problem ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Meaningful Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Experimental Group

Innovation is needed in learning to make meaningful learning, so the student constructs their ownknowledge from the learning experience of learning process. One of the innovations is to integrate Problem Based Learning model. Problem Based Learning involves students to be active in every problem. Eleven problems type in Problem Based Learning that have different solving steps, due to every student different metacognition character potential and can change by given treatment. This research is a pre-experimental design: the pretest-posttest control and experimental group design with embedded experimental design. The metacognition character data were analyzed qualitaively, whereas the average grade data were analyzed quantitatively. The analysis of metacognition character shows the different metacognition characters and on learning process there is improvement of student achievement from 14% to 84.4%.

Sin is Dead, Long Live Sin!

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Religious Commitment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Realist Approach ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Cultural Amnesia

Chapter 9 offers two concluding ‘provocations’: one on wretchedness without God, the other on wretchedness with God. The first brings Sartre into dialogue with Marilyn McCord Adams’s work ‘God because of Evil’, arguing that Sartre’s account lends credence to her view that optimism is not warranted if one takes a robust realist approach to evil. Read as a phenomenologist of fallenness, Sartre may serve the apologetic purpose of making options ‘live’, in William James’s language; or, to use the phrase of Stephen Mulhall, to ‘hold open the possibility of taking religious points of view seriously’. The second provocation—on the question of wretchedness with God—suggests that Sartre can be read ‘for edification’ to help us see our failures in love. The book concludes that reading Sartre in this light can help redress ‘damaging cultural amnesia’ about religious commitment, offering an account of sin that cultivates humility, love, and mercy.

Combinatorial principles weaker than Ramsey's Theorem for pairs

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis R. Hirschfeldt ◽  
Richard A. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Mathematics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Base System ◽  
Ramsey's Theorem ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Ramsey’S Theorem ◽  
Combinatorial Principles ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One ◽  
Infinite Linear

AbstractWe investigate the complexity of various combinatorial theorems about linear and partial orders, from the points of view of computability theory and reverse mathematics. We focus in particular on the principles ADS (Ascending or Descending Sequence), which states that every infinite linear order has either an infinite descending sequence or an infinite ascending sequence, and CAC (Chain-AntiChain), which states that every infinite partial order has either an infinite chain or an infinite antichain. It is wellknown that Ramsey's Theorem for pairs () splits into a stable version () and a cohesive principle (COH). We show that the same is true of ADS and CAC, and that in their cases the stable versions are strictly weaker than the full ones (which is not known to be the case for and ). We also analyze the relationships between these principles and other systems and principles previously studied by reverse mathematics, such as WKL0, DNR, and BΣ2. We show, for instance, that WKL0 is incomparable with all of the systems we study. We also prove computability-theoretic and conservation results for them. Among these results are a strengthening of the fact, proved by Cholak, Jockusch, and Slaman, that COH is -conservative over the base system RCA0. We also prove that CAC does not imply DNR which, combined with a recent result of Hirschfeldt, Jockusch. Kjos-Hanssen, Lempp, and Slaman, shows that CAC does not imply (and so does not imply ). This answers a question of Cholak, Jockusch, and Slaman.Our proofs suggest that the essential distinction between ADS and CAC on the one hand and on the other is that the colorings needed for our analysis are in some way transitive. We formalize this intuition as the notions of transitive and semitransitive colorings and show that the existence of homogeneous sets for such colorings is equivalent to ADS and CAC, respectively. We finish with several open questions.

How “Native” Are Heritage Speakers?

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina Montrul
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gender Agreement ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Incomplete Acquisition

One of the chief characteristics of heritage speakers is that they range in proficiency from “overhearers” to “native” speakers. To date, the vast majority of linguistic and psycholinguistic studies have characterized the non-target-like linguistic abilities of heritage speakers as a product of incomplete acquisition and/or attrition due to reduced exposure and opportunities to use the language during childhood. This article focuses on the other side of the problem, emphasizing instead the high incidence of native-like abilities in adult heritage speakers. I illustrate this issue with recent experimental evidence from gender agreement in Spanish, a grammatical feature that is mastered at almost 100% accuracy in production by native speakers;yet it is one of the most difficult areas to master for non-native speakers, including near-natives.I discuss how age of acquisition and language-learning experience explain these effects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Interprofessional Problem-based Learning Module on Care of Persons Living with HIV/AIDS

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel D'Eon ◽  
Peggy Proctor ◽  
Jane Cassidy ◽  
Nora McKee ◽  
Krista Trinder
Keyword(s):  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Interprofessional Collaboration ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) holds great promise in continuing to reform the management of complex chronic conditions such as HIV/AIDS, and Problem-based Learning (PBL) is a suitable format for IPE. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a large scale, compulsory interprofessional PBL module on HIV/AIDS education. In 2004, 30 physical therapy and 30 medical students at the University of Saskatchewan engaged in the HIV/AIDS PBL module. By 2007 over 300 students from seven healthcare programs were involved.Methods and Findings: The module was evaluated over the years using student satisfaction surveys, focus groups, self-assessments, and in 2007 with written pretest/post-tests. Students rated the learning experience about both HIV/AIDS and about interprofessional collaboration, at 4 or 5 out of 6 and effect sizes fell between d = .70 and 3.19. That only one pre-test/post-test study was conducted at a single institution is one of the limitations of this study.Conclusions: Students generally thought highly of the interprofessional PBL module on HIV/AIDS and learned a considerable amount. Although more research is needed to substantiate the self-assessment data, establish what and how much is being learned, and compare PBL to alternative methodologies, PBL is a promising approach to IPE.

scholarly journals To Publish, Make Known and Sell or Promoting Printed Books in the Incunabula Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-356
Author(s):  
Lucia Lichnerová
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One

The study To Publish, Make Known and Sell is based on verified existence of competition tensions between the 15th century typographers/publishers, related to the absence of functional regulatory tools of book production of the incunabula period. The increase in the number of book-printers within the relatively narrow geographical area, disregard of publishers’ privileges, the emergence of pirated reprints, as well as insufficient self-promotion on the book market through introducing novelties had concentrated typographers’ attention on devising new tools of securing their triumph in publisher’s competition – the so called book advertisements. The author has analysed 44 promotional posters of the incunabula period from several points of view and attempted to identify their design elements, which on the one hand showed signs of certain standardization, while on the other hand they were subject to personal creativity of their creator. She gives detailed overview of the circumstances of the origin, typographic design and contents of book advertisements of several kinds within the context of promoting either the existing or planned editions, of one edition or a group of books; specifically focusing on the unique types of advertising. In conclusion, the author cites the circumstances of the extinction of book advertisements related to the rise of the new promotional tool – booksellers’ catalogue and submits a bibliography of the book advertisements dating from the 15th century.

scholarly journals The recertification of the professional accounting qualification in Estonia: the requirements and quality of CPD

2017 ◽  
pp. 113-0
Author(s):  
Kaidi Kallaste ◽  
Jaan Alver
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional Qualification ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Alternative Solutions

The recertification of the professional accounting qualification in Estonia: the requirements and quality of CPD As the purpose of a professional qualification should be to ensure quality to employers/customers, appro-priate requirements for professional training should not be too low. On the other hand, too high require-ments for the amount of training would lead to the situation where maintaining the level is expensive and if the labour market does not consider having a professional certificate necessary, recertification will be discarded. The purpose of the research was to identify the factors that influence an accountant’s decision whether to recertify his/her professional qualification or not. The conditions of recertification were ana-lysed and compared to other countries as were the requirements set up for auditors. The results of the survey revealed that in Estonia the decision not to recertify one’s professional qualification was mainly due to not having fulfilled the required number of qualification hours or not having certificates proving one’s participation in qualification training sessions. At the same time, compared to other countries, the requirements in Estonia are very low. So that the increase in the amount of training would not hinder recertification, alternative solutions for Estonia are proposed in the article.

scholarly journals From projects to problems

2006 ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
Derek Raine
Keyword(s):  
Group Work ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Work Skills ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Projects ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Teaching Physics

Projects are a familiar feature of physics curricula and many courses include one or more group projects as a way of developing group work skills, if not for teaching physics. Problem-based learning on the other hand, which is designed primarily to teach physics while enhancing group work skills, is not so familiar. In this article we shall show how project work can be developed rather simply into problem-based learning by contextualising the project in terms of a problem and a viewpoint. The examples given will be based on developments of first and second year courses at Leicester to integrate practical, computational and theoretical work within the programme of specialist options. The benefits to staff and students will be discussed.

scholarly journals To write or not to write: censorship in "The Woman in the Photo" by Tia Șerbănescu and "A Censor’s Notebook" by Liliana Corobca

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-27
Author(s):  
Monica Manolachi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Mise En Abyme ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Censorship as a literary subject has sometimes been necessary in times of change, as it may show how the flaws in power relations influence, sometimes very dramatically, the access to and the production of knowledge. The Woman in the Photo: a Diary, 1987-1989 by Tia Șerbănescu and A Censor’s Notebook by Liliana Corobca are two books that deal with the issue of censorship in the 1980s (the former) and the 1970s (the latter). Both writers tackle the problem from inside the ruling system, aiming at authenticity in different ways. On the one hand, instead of writing a novel, Tia Șerbănescu kept a diary in which she contemplated the oppression and the corruption of the time and their consequences on the freedom of thought, of expression and of speech. She thoroughly described what she felt and thought about her relatives, friends and other people she met, about books and their authors, in a time when keeping a diary was hard and often perilous. On the other hand, using the technique of the mise en abyme, Liliana Corobca begins from a fictitious exchange of emails to eventually enter and explore the mind of a censor and reveal what she thought and felt about the system, her co-workers, her boss, the books she proofread, their authors and her own identity. Detailed examinations and performances of the relationship between writing and censorship, the two novels provide engaging, often tragi-comical, insights into the psychological process of producing literary texts. The intention of this article is to compare and contrast the two author’s perspectives on the act of writing and some of its functions from four points of view: literary, cultural, social and political.

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