Body composition assessment in extreme obesity and after massive weight loss induced by gastric bypass surgery

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. E1080-E1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Krupa Das ◽  
Susan B. Roberts ◽  
Joseph J. Kehayias ◽  
Jack Wang ◽  
L. K. George Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Extreme Obesity ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Time Points ◽  
3C Model

Body composition methods were examined in 20 women [body mass index (BMI) 48.7 ± 8.8 kg/m2] before and after weight loss [−44.8 ± 14.6 (SD) kg] after gastric bypass (GBP) surgery. The reference method, a three-compartment (3C) model using body density by air displacement plethysmography and total body water (TBW) by H2 18O dilution (3C-H2 18O), showed a decrease in percent body fat (%BF) from 51.4 to 34.6%. Fat-free mass hydration was significantly higher than the reference value (0.738) in extreme obesity (0.756; P < 0.001) but not after weight reduction (0.747; P = 0.16). %BF by H2 18O dilution and air displacement plethysmography differed significantly from %BF by 3C-H2 18O in extreme obesity ( P< 0.05) and 3C models using 2H2O or bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to determine TBW improved mean %BF estimates over most other methods at both time points. BIA results varied with the equation used, but BIA better predicted %BF than did BMI at both time points. All methods except BIA using the Segal equation were comparable to the reference method for determining changes over time. A simple 3C model utilizing air displacement plethysmography and BIA is useful for clinical evaluation in this population.

scholarly journals Effect of Thoracic Gas Volume Changes on Body Composition Assessed by Air Displacement Plethysmography after Rapid Weight Loss and Regain in Elite Collegiate Wrestlers

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Kondo ◽  
Keisuke Shiose ◽  
Yosuke Yamada ◽  
Takuya Osawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Sagayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Thoracic Gas Volume ◽  
Gas Volume

We investigated the effect of rapid weight loss (RWL) and weight regain (WR) on thoracic gas volume (VTG) and body composition assessment using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in male wrestlers. Eight male elite collegiate wrestlers completed a RWL regimen (6% of body mass) over a 53-h period, which was followed by a 13-h WR period. ADP was used at three time points (baseline (T1), post-RWL (T2) and post-WR (T3)) according to the manufacturer’s testing recommendations. The total body water and bone mineral content were estimated using the stable isotope dilution method and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively, at the same time points. Body composition was assessed with two-component (2C) or four-component (4C) models using either the measured VTG (mVTG) or predicted VTG (pVTG). Measured VTG increased from T1 to T2 (0.36 ± 0.31 L, p < 0.05) and decreased from T2 to T3 (−0.29 ± 0.15 L, p < 0.01). However, the changes in fat mass and fat free mass, which were calculated by both 2C and 4C models, were not significantly different when compared between calculations using mVTG and those using pVTG. Our results indicate that VTG significantly changes during RWL and WR, but both measured and predicted VTG can be used to assess changes in body composition during RWL and WR.

scholarly journals Body Composition Changes After Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet in Obesity Evaluated by 3 Standardized Methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 488-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Gomez-Arbelaez ◽  
Diego Bellido ◽  
Ana I. Castro ◽  
Lucia Ordoñez-Mayan ◽  
Jose Carreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Visceral Mass ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Composition Changes

Abstract Context: Common concerns when using low-calorie diets as a treatment for obesity are the reduction in fat-free mass, mostly muscular mass, that occurs together with the fat mass (FM) loss, and determining the best methodologies to evaluate body composition changes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the very-low-calorie ketogenic (VLCK) diet-induced changes in body composition of obese patients and to compare 3 different methodologies used to evaluate those changes. Design: Twenty obese patients followed a VLCK diet for 4 months. Body composition assessment was performed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), multifrequency bioelectrical impedance (MF-BIA), and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) techniques. Muscular strength was also assessed. Measurements were performed at 4 points matched with the ketotic phases (basal, maximum ketosis, ketosis declining, and out of ketosis). Results: After 4 months the VLCK diet induced a −20.2 ± 4.5 kg weight loss, at expenses of reductions in fat mass (FM) of −16.5 ± 5.1 kg (DXA), −18.2 ± 5.8 kg (MF-BIA), and −17.7 ± 9.9 kg (ADP). A substantial decrease was also observed in the visceral FM. The mild but marked reduction in fat-free mass occurred at maximum ketosis, primarily as a result of changes in total body water, and was recovered thereafter. No changes in muscle strength were observed. A strong correlation was evidenced between the 3 methods of assessing body composition. Conclusion: The VLCK diet-induced weight loss was mainly at the expense of FM and visceral mass; muscle mass and strength were preserved. Of the 3 body composition techniques used, the MF-BIA method seems more convenient in the clinical setting.

scholarly journals The paediatric option for BodPod to assess body composition in preschool children: what fat-free mass density values should be used?

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (7) ◽  
pp. 797-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Delisle Nyström ◽  
Emmie Söderström ◽  
Pontus Henriksson ◽  
Hanna Henriksson ◽  
Eric Poortvliet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Total Body ◽  
3C Model ◽  
Assess Body Composition

AbstractAir displacement plethysmography utilises a two-component model to assess body composition, which relies on assumptions regarding the density of fat-free mass (FFM). To date, there is no evidence as to whether Lohman’s or Wells et al.’s FFM density values are more accurate in young children. Therefore, the aims of this study were to compare total body fat percentage (TBF%) assessed using the BodPod with both Lohman’s and Wells et al.’s FFM density values with TBF% from the three-component (3C) model in forty healthy Swedish children aged 5·5 years. Average TBF% calculated using Lohman’s FFM density values underestimated TBF% in comparison with the corresponding value assessed using the 3C model (22·2 (sd 5·7) and 25·1 (sd 5·5) %, respectively; P<0·001). No statistically significant difference was observed between TBF% assessed using Wells et al.’s FFM density values and the 3C model (24·9 (sd 5·5) and 25·1 (sd 5·5) %, respectively; P=0·614). The Bland and Altman plots for TBF% using both Lohman’s and Wells et al.’s FFM density values did not show any bias across the range of body fatness (Lohman: r 0·056, P=0·733 and Wells et al.: r −0·006, P=0·970). These results indicate that Wells et al.’s FFM density values should be used when assessing body composition with the paediatric option for BodPod in 5-year-old children. However, future studies are needed to confirm these results in other populations, including a wider age range of children.

Anthropometric and bioimpedance equations for fat and fat-free mass in Chilean children 7–9 years of age

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gabriela Salazar ◽  
Barbara Leyton ◽  
Carolina Aguirre ◽  
Alyerina Anziani ◽  
Gerardo Weisstaub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Total Body ◽  
3C Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Assessing children’s growth adequately is important due to the necessary prevention of adequate body composition, especially at pre-pubertal age. Simpler measurements such as anthropometry or bioimpedance, using equations validated in Caucasian children, have been demonstrated to overestimate or underestimate fat mass percentage (FM%) or fat-free mass (FFM) in Chilean children. In a sample of 424 children (198 boys and 226 girls) of 7–9 years old, the three component (3C) model was assessed, where total body water was determined by 2H dilution and body volume by air displacement plethysmography, in order to design and validate anthropometry and bioimpedance equations. The FM (%) equation specific for Chilean children was validated as (1·743 × BMI z-score) + (0·727 × triceps skinfold) + (0·385 × biceps skinfold) + 15·985, against the 3C model (R2 0·79). The new FFM equation (kg) generated was (log FFM = (0·018 × age) + (0·047 × sex) + (0·006 × weight) + (0·027 × resistance) + 2·071), with an R2 0·93 (female = 1 and male = 2). The Bland–Altman analysis shows a mean difference of 0·27 (sd 3·5) for the FM% in the whole group as well as 0·004 (sd 0·9) kg is the mean difference for the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) FFM (kg) equation. The new equations for FM (%) and FFM (kg) in Chilean children will provide a simple and valid tool for the assessment of body composition in cohort studies or to assess the impact of nutritional programmes or public policies.

scholarly journals The usefulness of Tanita TBF-310 for body composition assessment in Judo athletes using a four-compartment molecular model as the reference method

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1283-1289
Author(s):  
Christophe Domingos ◽  
Catarina Nunes Matias ◽  
Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino ◽  
Luís Bettencourt Sardinha ◽  
Analiza Mónica Silva
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molecular Model ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Judo Athletes

SUMMARY Body composition assessment at the molecular level is relevant for the athletic population and its association with high performance is well recognized. The four-compartment molecular model (4C) is the reference method for fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) estimation. However, its implementation in a real context is not feasible. Coaches and athletes need practical body composition methods for body composition assessment, and the bioelectrical impedance analysis method (BIA) is usually seen as a useful alternative. The aim of this study was to test the validity of BIA (Tanita, TBF-310) to determine the FM and FFM of elite judo athletes. A total of 29 males were evaluated in a period of weight stability using the reference method (4C) and the alternative method (Tanita, TBF-310). Regarding the 4C method, total-body water was assessed by deuterium dilution, bone mineral by DXA, and body volume by air displacement plethysmography. The slops and intercepts differed from 1 (0.39 and 1.11) and 0 (4.24 and -6.41) for FM and FFM, respectively. FM from Tanita TBF-310 overestimated the 4C method by 0.2 kg although no differences were found for FFM. Tanita TBF-310 explained 21% and 72% respectively in the estimation of absolute values of FM and FFM from the 4C method. Limits of agreement were significant, varying from -6.7 kg to 7.0 kg for FM and from -8.9 kg to 7.5 kg for FFM. In conclusion, TBF-310 Tanita is not a valid alternative method for estimating body composition in highly trained judo athletes.

scholarly journals Air Displacement Plethysmography and Resistance Exercise

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Grossman ◽  
Ronald Deitrick
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Before And After

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of resistance exercise (RE) on body composition using air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) within 2 hours of completing RE. Methods: Thirteen university students (9 males and 4 females; 18.8±0.5 yrs; mean ± SD) volunteered for this study. The RE program (55.4±8.7 min) consisted of a combination of upper- and lower-body extremity exercises and abdominal exercises for a total of nine different exercises. Relative body fat (BF) was assessed (1.76+0.4 hr) using ADP before and after the RE along with skinfold (SF) measures, body mass (BM) and respiratory quotient. Results: Statistically significant reductions in pre-post RE relative BF measurements (p=0.036) were observed using ADP along with statistically significant reductions in body volume (BV) (p=0.005), body mass (BM) (p=0.038) and fat mass (FM) (p=0.020). The mean intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for these variables was 0.99. No significant pre-post differences in fat-free mass (FFM), body mass index (BMI) or skinfold (SF) values were reported. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential adverse effects of assessing relative BF within 2 hours after RE. Significant differences in pre-post relative BF were supported by significant reductions in BV, BM, and FM. The results of this study support the manufacturer guidelines using ADP and RE restriction prior to body composition assessment.

scholarly journals Usefulness of different techniques for measuring body composition changes during weight loss in overweight and obese women

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia S. Minderico ◽  
Analiza M. Silva ◽  
Kathleen Keller ◽  
Teresa L. Branco ◽  
Sandra S. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Weight Loss Programme ◽  
Composition Changes

The objective was to compare measures from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometry with a reference four-compartment model to estimate fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) changes in overweight and obese women after a weight-loss programme. Forty-eight women (age 39.8 ± 5.8 years; weight 79·2 ± 11·8 kg; BMI 30·7 ± 3·6 kg/m2) were studied in an out-patient weight-loss programme, before and after the 16-month intervention. Women attended weekly meetings for the first 4 months, followed by monthly meetings from 4 to 12 months. Body composition variables were measured by the following techniques: DXA, anthropometry (waist circumference-based model; Antrform), BIA using Tanita (TBF-310) and Omron (BF300) and a reference four-compartment model. Body weight decreased significantly ( − 3·3 (sd3·1) kg) across the intervention. At baseline and after the intervention, FM, percentage FM and FFM assessed by Antrform, Tanita, BF300 and DXA differed significantly from the reference method (P ≤ 0·001), with the exception of FFM assessed by Tanita (baselineP = 0·071 and afterP = 0·007). DXA significantly overestimated the change in FM and percentage FM across weight loss ( − 4·5v. − 3·3 kg;P < 0·001 and − 3·7v. − 2·0 %;P < 0·001, respectively), while Antrform underestimated FM and percentage FM ( − 2·8v. − 3·3 kg;P = 0·043 and − 1·1v. − 2·0 %;P = 0·013) compared with the four-compartment model. Tanita and BF300 did not differ (P>0·05) from the reference model in any body composition variables. We conclude that these methods are widely used in clinical settings, but should not be applied interchangeably to detect changes in body composition. Furthermore, the several clinical methods were not accurate enough for tracking body composition changes in overweight and obese premenopausal women after a weight-loss programme.

scholarly journals Comparison of a Bioelectrical Impedance Device against the Reference Method Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Anthropometry for the Evaluation of Body Composition in Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin Day ◽  
Alastair Kwok ◽  
Alison Evans ◽  
Fernanda Mata ◽  
Antonio Verdejo-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
X Ray

This study aimed to compare the use of the bioelectrical impedance device (BIA) seca® mBCA 515 using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method, for body composition assessment in adults across the spectrum of body mass indices. It explores the utility of simple anthropometric measures (the waist height ratio (WHtR) and waist circumference (WC)) for the assessment of obesity. In the morning after an overnight fast (10 h), 30 participants underwent a body composition DXA (GE iDXA) scan, BIA (seca 515), and anthropometric measures. Compared to the DXA reference measure, the BIA underestimated fat mass (FM) by 0.32 kg (limits of agreement −3.8 kg, 4.4 kg); overestimated fat free mass (FFM) by 0.43 kg (limits of agreement −8.2 kg, 4.3 kg). Some of the variation was explained by body mass index (BMI), as for FM, the mean difference of the normal range BMI group was smaller than for the overweight/obese group (0.25 kg and 0.35 kg, respectively) with wider limits of agreement (−4.30 kg, 4.81 kg, and −3.61 kg, 4.30 kg, respectively). There were significant differences in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume measurements between methods with BIA systematically overestimating VAT compared to DXA. WC was more strongly correlated with DXA FM (rho = 0.90, p < 0.001) than WHtR (rho = 0.83, p < 0.001). BIA had some agreement with DXA; however, they are not equivalent measures for the range of BMIs explored, with DXA remaining the more informative tool. WC is a useful and simple assessment tool for obesity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on the Muscle Mass in Patients with Obesity: 2-Year Follow-up

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Comas Martínez ◽  
Enzamaria Fidilio Meli ◽  
Fiorella Palmas Candia ◽  
Francesca Filippi ◽  
Ramon Vilallonga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Assess Body Composition

Abstract Purpose Bariatric surgery (BS) induces a significant and sustained weight loss in patients with severe obesity (SO). Nevertheless, apart from significantly reducing body fat, fat-free mass (FFM) might also be lost. At present, there is little and controversial data in the literature regarding the impact of BS on FFM. In recent years, bioimpedance (BIA) has emerged as a reliable test to assess body composition easily to use in the daily clinical practice. On the bases, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of BS on the FFM, evaluated by means of BIA. Material and Methods This is a prospective, observational study, including consecutive patients with SO that underwent BS between February 2018 and February 2019 at our center. At baseline, 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after the BS, all the patients underwent complete medical history, physical and anthropometric evaluation, and body composition assessment by means of BIA (using Bodystat QuadScan4000®). Results Eighty-five patients with SO were recruited, 72.9% females, aged 45.54 ± 9.98 years, pre-BS BMI 43.87 ± 6.52 kg/m2. FFM significantly decreased continuously after BS at all timepoints. The loss of FFM 24 months post-BS accounted for approximately 21.71 ± 13.9% of the total weight loss, and was independent of BS technique or protein metabolism. Pre-BS HOMA-IR and FFM were independent predictors of FFM at 24 months. Conclusions Significant and early loss of FFM in patients with SO that undergo BS was seen, not related to protein metabolism parameters or the BS technique used, suggesting an independent mechanism. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Body composition assessment before and after weight loss following a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Are bioimpedanciometry estimations reliable?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Noemi Carrasco Navarro ◽  
Fernando Carrasco ◽  
Pamela Rojas Moncada ◽  
Karin Papapietro ◽  
Gabriela Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Before And After
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