Leucine kinetics in fed low-birth-weight infants: importance of splanchnic tissues

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. E214-E220 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Beaufrere ◽  
V. Fournier ◽  
B. Salle ◽  
G. Putet
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protein Catabolism ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Precursor Pool ◽  
Leucine Kinetics ◽  
Human Milk Protein

Whole body Leu kinetics were determined in fed low-birth-weight (LBW) infants. To assess the importance of first-pass splanchnic extraction of ingested amino acids, two tracers were simultaneously infused by intravenous (L-[1-13C]Leu) and intragastric (L-[5,5,5-2H3]Leu) routes in 13 LBW infants [1,742 +/- 169 (SE) g] fed with protein-enriched human milk (protein intake 3.23 +/- 0.97 g.kg-1.day-1). Splanchnic extraction estimated from plasma [2H3]Leu appearance was 48.2 +/- 15.6% of Leu intake. Total Leu flux, endogenous Leu flux (index of protein catabolism), and nonoxidative Leu disposal (NOLD, index of protein synthesis) were 3.45 +/- 0.57, 1.90 +/- 0.74, and 2.54 +/- 0.62 mumol.kg-1.min-1, respectively. Higher estimates were obtained when using alpha-ketoisocaproate as a precursor pool. There was a wide individual variation of protein intake due to the use of human milk, and, over this range, Leu intake was correlated negatively with endogenous Leu flux (r = 0.88, P less than 0.01) whereas NOLD remained fairly constant. Thus, in LBW infants, 1) splanchnic extraction is two times as high as in adults and might reflect an elevated splanchnic protein turnover and 2) increasing protein intake probably promotes protein gain mainly by inhibiting protein catabolism.

Amino Acid Concentrations in Plasma and Urine in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Fed Protein-Unenriched or Human Milk Protein-Enriched Human Milk

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-915
Author(s):  
Staffan K. T. Polberger ◽  
Irene E. Axelsson ◽  
Niels C. R. Räihä
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations ◽  
Human Milk Protein

Preprandial plasma and urine amino acid concentrations were measured in 28 growing, very low birth weight, appropriate-for-gestational-age infants randomly assigned to either protein-unenriced (n = 14) or human milk protein-enriched (n = 14) human milk. The two groups of infants had similar birth weights (900 to 1500 g) and gestational ages (26 to 32 weeks). The study was initiated at a mean age of 19 days when the infants tolerated full feeding volumes and lasted for a mean time of 28 days. Mean protein intake values were 2.1 ± 0.3 and 3.6 ± 0.3 g/kg per day (mean ± SD) and weight gain values were 26.6 ± 7.4 and 35.1 ± 3.6 g/day in the protein-unenriched and the protein-enriched groups of infants, respectively. Human milk protein enrichment resulted in significantly increased concentrations of all plasma amino acids except serine, taurine, and histidine. Most urine amino acid concentrations correlated with protein intake and with the plasma concentrations, suggesting that the effects of protein quality and quantity can be evaluated by measuring urinary amino acid concentrations alone, thereby making such studies less invasive. Infants fed protein-unenriched human milk had growth rates below the estimated intrauterine rate as well as low plasma and urine amino acid concentrations, indicating suboptimal protein intake levels. When the plasma concentrations of the essential amino acids in tenrichedhe protein-enriched infants from the present study were compared with concentrations found in the literature in fetal and umbilical cord plasma, both were found to be much higher. The plasma essential amino acid concentrations in the well-growing, protein-supplemented infants from the present study corresponded best to plasma concentrations found in breast-fed, growing, term infants at 1 to 3 months of age. It is suggested that preprandial plasma amino acid concentrations found in healthy, growing, breast-fed, term infants can be used as reference standard values when evaluating preprandial plasma amino acid concentrations in appropriate-for-gestational age, very low birth weight infants.

Human Milk Protein and Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil Supplementation of Human Milk: Plasma Amino Acids in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-799
Author(s):  
Kai A. R. Rönnholm ◽  
Olli Simell ◽  
Martti A. Siimes
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Medium Chain Triglyceride ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Human Milk Protein

Fifty-one very low-birth-weight infants (birth weight <1,520 g) randomly fed either human milk or human milk supplemented with human milk protein and/or with medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil were observed. Plasma amino acids from these infants were studied at 2, 8, and 10 weeks. Medium-chain triglyceride oil supplementation had minimal or no influence on plasma amino acids. Human milk protein supplementation resulted in increased concentrations of all amino acids at all ages studied. The concentrations were 1.5- to threefold as compared with values in infants not given protein supplements. However, the concentrations of methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and lysine remained far below values considered harmful. The age at which maximal plasma amino acid concentrations in infants given human milk protein supplementation occur coincides with the age of the lowest serum albumin concentrations in infants fed only human milk. This suggests that high plasma amino acid concentrations may hasten albumin synthesis in very low-birth-weight infants.

THE PROTEIN TOLERANCE OF VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS FED HUMAN MILK PROTEIN ENRICHED MOTHER'S MILK

1982 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 597-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. HAGELBERG ◽  
B. S. LINDBLAD ◽  
A. LUNDSJÖ ◽  
B. CARLSSON ◽  
R. FONDÉN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Mother's Milk ◽  
Mother’S Milk ◽  
Human Milk Protein

scholarly journals Low Diversity of Human Milk Oligosaccharides is Associated with Necrotising Enterocolitis in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Wejryd ◽  
Magalí Martí ◽  
Giovanna Marchini ◽  
Anna Werme ◽  
Baldvin Jonsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides

Difference in human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) composition in breast milk may be one explanation why some preterm infants develop necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) despite being fed exclusively with breast milk. The aim of this study was to measure the concentration of 15 dominant HMOs in breast milk during the neonatal period and investigate how their levels correlated to NEC, sepsis, and growth in extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) infants who were exclusively fed with breast milk. Milk was collected from 91 mothers to 106 infants at 14 and 28 days and at postmenstrual week 36. The HMOs were analysed with high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. The HMOs diversity and the levels of Lacto-N-difucohexaose I were lower in samples from mothers to NEC cases, as compared to non-NEC cases at all sampling time points. Lacto-N-difucohexaose I is only produced by secretor and Lewis positive mothers. There were also significant but inconsistent associations between 3′-sialyllactose and 6′-sialyllactose and culture-proven sepsis and significant, but weak correlations between several HMOs and growth rate. Our results suggest that the variation in HMO composition in breast milk may be an important factor explaining why exclusively breast milk fed ELBW infants develop NEC.

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