Effect of endurance training on plasma free fatty acid turnover and oxidation during exercise

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (5) ◽  
pp. E708-E714 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Martin ◽  
G. P. Dalsky ◽  
B. F. Hurley ◽  
D. E. Matthews ◽  
D. M. Bier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Total Fat

Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels tend to be lower and the plasma lipolytic hormone response to prolonged exercise of the same intensity is blunted after endurance exercise training. To determine whether training elicits a corresponding decrease in plasma FFA turnover and metabolism during prolonged exercise, we measured plasma [1-13C]palmitate kinetics and oxidation and respiratory gas exchange in 13 subjects during the latter portion of a 90- to 120-min bout of cycle ergometer work performed before and after 12 wk of alternate-day cycling and running. Training increased total fat oxidation during prolonged exercise by 41% (P < 0.005). However, for the final 30-60 min of the cycle ergometer protocol, the rate of 13CO2 production from [1-13C]palmitate oxidation was 27% lower (P < 0.05), the rate of palmitate turnover was 33% less (P < 0.05), and plasma FFA and glycerol concentrations were 32 and 20% lower (P < 0.05), respectively, than in the untrained state. Thus endurance exercise training results in decreased plasma FFA turnover and oxidation during a 90- to 120-min bout of submaximal exercise because of a slower rate of FFA release from adipose tissue.

EFFECTS OF ENDURANCE EXERCISE TRAINING ON POSTPRANDIAL FREE FATTY ACID LEVELS

2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S255
Author(s):  
C R. Wohn ◽  
E P. Weiss ◽  
I A. Ghiu ◽  
J Brandauer ◽  
D A. Phares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training

Increased insulin suppression of plasma free fatty acid concentration in exercise-trained rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lavoie ◽  
J. Bongbele ◽  
S. Cardin ◽  
M. Belisle ◽  
J. Terrettaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Fat Depot

The effect of exercise training on the insulin suppression of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations was studied in unanesthetized rats with the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique. Seven rats trained (TR) for 3 h/day by continuous swimming during 8 wk were compared with 6 untrained (UT) body weight-matched rats. Both TR and UT rats were submitted to an exercise swimming session 18 h before the clamp. A smaller mean diameter of adipocytes sampled from the epididymal fat depot was measured in TR animals. The total quantity of glucose infused to maintain euglycemia was 2.2 times higher in TR than in UT animals. No significant differences in plasma insulin concentrations were found between the two groups throughout the experiment. Insulin infusions resulted in a 60% decrease of plasma FFA in TR rats (mean value: from 0.46 to 0.18 mM) compared with 27% in UT animals (mean value: from 0.45 to 0.33 mM). The data indicate a greater ability of insulin to suppress plasma FFA levels with exercise training, which suggests an increased antilipolytic action of insulin in adipocytes under this condition.

Higher mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation following intermittent versus continuous endurance exercise training

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 891-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Chilibeck ◽  
G J Bell ◽  
R P Farrar ◽  
T P Martin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid

It has been well documented that skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation can be elevated by continuous endurance exercise training. However, it remains questionable whether similar adaptations can be induced with intermittent interval exercise training. This study was undertaken to directly compare the rates of fatty acid oxidation in isolated subsarcolemmal (SS) and intermyofibrillar (IMF) mitochondria following these different exercise training regimes. Mitochondria were isolated from the gastrocnemius-plantaris muscles of male Sprague-Dawley rats following exercise training 6 days per week for 12 weeks. Exercise training consisted of either continuous, submaximal, endurance treadmill running (n = 10) or intermittent, high intensity, interval running (n = 10). Both modes of training enhanced the oxidation of palmityl-carnitine-malate in both mitochondrial populations (p < 0.05). However, the increase associated with the intermittent, high intensity exercise training was significantly greater than that achieved with the continuous exercise training (p < 0.05). Also, the increases associated with the IMF mitochondria were greater than the SS mitochondria (p < 0.05). These data suggest that high intensity, intermittent interval exercise training is more effective for stimulation of fatty acid oxidation than continuous submaximal exercise training and that this adaptation occurs preferentially within IMF mitochondria.Key words: muscle, subsarcolemmal mitochondria, intermyofibrillar mitochondria.

The Effects of Cold and Prostaglandin E1 on Lipid Mobilization in the Chicken

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 394-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Wagner ◽  
R. A. Peterson ◽  
R. J. Cenedella
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Prostaglandin E1 ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Lipid Mobilization ◽  
Plasma Ffa

Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels and the effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) were studied in cold-acclimated and cold-exposed chickens and compared to controls. Chickens cold-acclimated at 4–7 or 8–11 °C for 4 weeks had significantly elevated plasma FFA when compared to the controls at 19–21 °C. Although PGE1 had no effect on the basal level of FFA of controls, a significantly lower plasma FFA was seen after injection of either 10 or 30 μg PGE1/kg in cold-acclimated chickens. Chickens cold-exposed to 2–3 °C for 4 h demonstrated significant elevations of plasma FFA when compared to controls. Only 30 μg PGE1/kg significantly depressed the plasma FFA in the cold-exposed birds. No inhibition of basal FFA release was seen in control animals. From these experiments, it is concluded that chickens mobilize FFA extensively under cold-exposure and that this stimulated lipolysis is inhibited by PGE1.

Dose-dependent effect of insulin on plasma free fatty acid turnover and oxidation in humans

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (5) ◽  
pp. E736-E750 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
L. C. Groop ◽  
K. Zych ◽  
M. Shank ◽  
R. A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Dose Dependent

Methodology for measuring plasma free fatty acid (FFA) turnover/oxidation with [1–14C]palmitate was tested in normal subjects. In study 1, two different approaches (720-min tracer infusion without prime vs. 150-min infusion with NaH14CO3 prime) to achieve steady-state conditions of 14CO2 yielded equivalent rates of plasma FFA turnover/oxidation. In study 2, during staircase NaH14CO3 infusion, calculated rates of 14CO2 appearance agreed closely with NaH14CO3 infusion rates. In study 3, 300-min euglycemic insulin clamp documented that full biological effect of insulin on plasma FFA turnover/oxidation was established within 60–120 min. In study 4, plasma insulin concentration was raised to 14 +/- 2, 23 +/- 2, 38 +/- 2, 72 +/- 5, and 215 +/- 10 microU/ml. A dose-dependent insulin suppression of plasma FFA turnover/oxidation was observed. Plasma FFA concentration correlated positively with plasma FFA turnover/oxidation in basal and insulinized states. Total lipid oxidation (indirect calorimetry) was significantly higher than plasma FFA oxidation in the basal state, suggesting that intracellular lipid stores contributed to whole body lipid oxidation. Hepatic glucose production and total glucose disposal showed the expected dose-dependent suppression and stimulation, respectively, by insulin. In conclusion, insulin regulation of plasma FFA turnover/oxidation is maximally manifest at low physiological plasma insulin concentrations, and in the basal state a significant contribution to whole body lipid oxidation originates from lipid pool(s) that are different from plasma FFA.

Endurance training increases fatty acid turnover, but not fat oxidation, in young men

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 2097-2105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne L. Friedlander ◽  
Gretchen A. Casazza ◽  
Michael A. Horning ◽  
Anton Usaj ◽  
George A. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Total Fat

We examined the effects of exercise intensity and a 10-wk cycle ergometer training program [5 days/wk, 1 h, 75% peak oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 peak)] on plasma free fatty acid (FFA) flux, total fat oxidation, and whole body lipolysis in healthy male subjects ( n= 10; age = 25.6 ± 1.0 yr). Two pretraining trials (45 and 65% ofV˙o 2 peak) and two posttraining trials (same absolute workload, 65% of oldV˙o 2 peak; and same relative workload, 65% of newV˙o 2 peak) were performed by using an infusion of [1-13C]palmitate and [1,1,2,3,3-2H]glycerol. An additional nine subjects (age 25.4 ± 0.8 yr) were treated similarly but were infused with [1,1,2,3,3-2H]glycerol and not [1-13C]palmitate. Subjects were studied postabsorptive for 90 min of rest and 1 h of cycling exercise. After training, subjects increasedV˙o 2 peak by 9.4 ± 1.4%. Pretraining, plasma FFA kinetics were inversely related to exercise intensity with rates of appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) being significantly higher at 45 than at 65%V˙o 2 peak(Ra: 8.14 ± 1.28 vs. 6.64 ± 0.46, Rd: 8.03 ± 1.28 vs. 6.42 ± 0.41 mol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1) ( P ≤ 0.05). After training, when measured at the same absolute and relative intensities, FFA Ra increased to 8.84 ± 1.1, 8.44 ± 1.1 and Rd to 8.82 ± 1.1, 8.35 ± 1.1 mol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1, respectively ( P ≤ 0.05). Total fat oxidation determined from respiratory exchange ratio was elevated during exercise compared with rest, but did not differ among the four conditions. Glycerol Ra was elevated during exercise compared with rest but did not demonstrate significant intensity or training effects during exercise. Thus, in young men, plasma FFA flux is increased during exercise after endurance training, but total fat oxidation and whole-body lipolysis are unaffected when measured at the same absolute or relative exercise intensities.

scholarly journals Plasma free fatty acid concentration is closely tied to whole body peak fat oxidation rate during repeated exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (6) ◽  
pp. 1563-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Frandsen ◽  
Stine Dahl Vest ◽  
Christian Ritz ◽  
Steen Larsen ◽  
Flemming Dela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Repeated Exercise ◽  
Plasma Ffa

Plasma free fatty acids (FFA) are a major contributor to whole body fat oxidation during exercise. However, the extent to which manipulating plasma FFA concentrations will influence whole body peak fat oxidation rate (PFO) during exercise remains elusive. In this study we aimed to increase plasma FFA concentrations through a combination of fasting and repeated exercise bouts. We hypothesized that an increase in plasma FFA concentration would increase PFO in a dose-dependent manner. Ten healthy young (31 ± 6 yr) (mean ± SD) well-trained (maximal oxygen uptake 65.9 ± 6.1 ml·min−1·kg−1) men performed four graded exercise tests (GXTs) on 1 day. The GXTs were interspersed by 4 h of bed rest. This was conducted either in a fasted state or with the consumption of a standardized carbohydrate-rich meal 3.5 h before each GXT. Fasting and previous GXTs resulted in a gradual increase in PFO from 0.63 ± 0.18 g/min after an overnight fast (10 h) to 0.93 ± 0.17 g/min after ∼22 h of fasting and three previous GXTs. This increase in PFO coincided with an increase in plasma FFA concentrations ( r2 = 0.73, P < 0.0001). Ingestion of a carbohydrate-rich meal 3.5 h before each GXT resulted in unaltered PFO. This was also reflected in unchanged plasma FFA, glucose, and insulin concentrations. In this study we show that plasma FFA availability is closely tied to whole body PFO and that the length of fasting combined with previous exercise are robust stimuli toward increasing plasma FFA concentration, highlighting the importance for preexercise standardization when conducting GXTs measuring substrate oxidation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that peak fat oxidation is increased in close relationship with plasma free fatty acid availability after combined fasting and repeated incremental exercise tests in healthy highly trained men. Therefore it may be argued that whole body fat oxidation rate measured in most cases after an overnight fast indeed does not represent whole body maximal fat oxidation rate but a whole body peak fat oxidation rate within the context of the preexercise standardization obtained in the study design.

scholarly journals Peak Fat Oxidation Rate Is Closely Associated With Plasma Free Fatty Acid Concentrations in Women; Similar to Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Frandsen ◽  
Axel Illeris Poggi ◽  
Christian Ritz ◽  
Steen Larsen ◽  
Flemming Dela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Repeated Exercise ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Plasma Ffa

Introduction: In men, whole body peak fat oxidation (PFO) determined by a graded exercise test is closely tied to plasma free fatty acid (FFA) availability. Men and women exhibit divergent metabolic responses to fasting and exercise, and it remains unknown how the combined fasting and exercise affect substrate utilization in women. We aimed to investigate this, hypothesizing that increased plasma FFA concentrations in women caused by fasting and repeated exercise will increase PFO during exercise. Then, that PFO would be higher in women compared with men (data from a previous study).Methods: On two separate days, 11 young endurance-trained women were investigated, either after an overnight fast (Fast) or 3.5 h after a standardized meal (Fed). On each day, a validated graded exercise protocol (GXT), used to establish PFO by indirect calorimetry, was performed four times separated by 3.5 h of bed rest both in the fasted (Fast) or fed (Fed) state.Results: Peak fat oxidation increased in the fasted state from 11 ± 3 (after an overnight fast, Fast 1) to 16 ± 3 (mean ± SD) mg/min/kg lean body mass (LBM) (after ~22 h fast, Fast 4), and this was highly associated with plasma FFA concentrations, which increased from 404 ± 203 (Fast 1) to 865 ± 210 μmol/L (Fast 4). No increase in PFO was found during the fed condition with repeated exercise. Compared with trained men from a former identical study, we found no sex differences in relative PFO (mg/min/kg LBM) between men and women, in spite of significant differences in plasma FFA concentrations during exercise after fasting.Conclusion: Peak fat oxidation increased with fasting and repeated exercise in trained women, but the relative PFO was similar in young trained men and women, despite major differences in plasma lipid concentrations during graded exercise.

scholarly journals The Effects of 8-week Acetic Acid Feeding on Endurance Performance and Fat Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle of Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Dong-Won Lee ◽  
Sung-Hee Oh ◽  
Kyung-Oh Choi ◽  
Jeong-Sun Ju
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training

PURPOSE:The combined effect of acetic acid supplementation and endurance exercise training on fatty acid metabolism and skeletal muscle functions are not well known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week acetic acid administration with or without endurance exercise training on fatty acid metabolism and skeletal muscle functions using mice.METHODS: Fourty-eight male wild-type ICR mice (10-week old) were randomly divided into 4 groups: sedentary control (Sed+Con), sedentary sodium acetate (Sed+NaAc), exercise control (Exe+Con) and exercise sodium acetate (Exe+NaAc) groups. For acetic acid diet, sodium acetate was incorporated into the chow diet at 5% (w/w). For the exercise training, mice performed 4 days/week of 20 min treadmill running exercise training for 8 weeks. Following 8 weeks of combined treatments of acetic acid and endurance running exercise training, visceral fat mass and skeletal muscle mass, blood parameters, and the markers for fatty acid metabolism were analyzed. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA (p<.05) using the SPSS 21 program.RESULTS: Eight weeks of Exe+NaAc treatment significantly increased maximal running time compared with Sed+Con and Exe+Con groups (p<.05). Eight weeks of Exe+NaAc treatment significantly decreased fatty acid synthesis-related FAS (fatty acid synthase) protein levels compared with the Sed+Con group, and increased fatty acid oxidation-related CPT1B (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B) protein levels compared with Sed+Con and Sed+NaAc groups (p<.05). This combined treatment of acetic acid and endurance exercise training also increased AMPK activation compared with the Sed+Con and the Sed+NaAc groups (p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that there were synergistic effects of the treatment of 8-week acetic acid supplementation and endurance exercise training on the reductions of body weight and visceral fat mass and an increase in endurance performance.

Regulation of plasma free fatty acid turnover

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Armstrong ◽  
R. Steele ◽  
N. Altszuler ◽  
A. Dunn ◽  
J. S. Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Turnover Rates ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Simple Mass ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
The Relationship

Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) turnover rates have been estimated in dogs by a technique involving measurement of FFA specific activities during constant intravenous infusion of trace amounts of C14-labeled palmitic acid. In order to determine the relationship between FFA concentration and turnover, variations in plasma FFA levels ranging from 0.081 to 3.31 µEq/ml were induced by a variety of physiological and pharmacological treatments. Calculated FFA turnover rates ranged from 2.1 to 58.8 µEq/kg/min, with a highly significant linear regression of FFA turnover on FFA level. It is concluded that under a variety of conditions changes in FFA concentration are brought about by changes in FFA production rate and that changes in FFA uptake are simple mass-action effects of changes in FFA concentration. Respiratory C14O2 data are presented indicating that about one-fourth of the total expired CO2 is derived from FFA in the postabsorptive state. This accounts for the immediate fate of about one-fourth of the total FFA leaving the plasma.

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