Phosphatase inhibitors potentiate adrenergic-stimulated cAMP and cGMP production in rat pinealocytes

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. E458-E466 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Ho ◽  
C. L. Chik
Keyword(s):  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Calyculin A ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Phosphoprotein Phosphatase ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Camp And Cgmp Production ◽  
Camp And Cgmp ◽  
Protein Kinase C Activation

The role of phosphoprotein phosphatase in the regulation of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) accumulation in rat pinealocytes was investigated using the three phosphatase inhibitors calyculin A, tautomycin, and okadaic acid. Calyculin A (0.1 microM) was found to enhance the isoproterenol- and norepinephrine-stimulated cAMP accumulation six- and threefold, respectively, whereas tautomycin and okadaic acid were less effective. The effect of calyculin A was rapid (within 5 min) and persisted in the presence of phosphodiesterase inhibition. However, in contrast to protein kinase C activation or intracellular calcium elevation, the phosphatase inhibitors were less effective in potentiating the cAMP response stimulated by forskolin or cholera toxin, and their effects were not blocked by calphostin C or N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide. The adrenergic-stimulated cGMP response was also less sensitive to the phosphatase inhibition. Therefore, our results suggest that 1) the adrenergic-stimulated cAMP signal is subjected to the tonic inhibition by phosphoprotein phosphatase; 2) phosphatase inhibitors enhance cAMP synthesis through their actions at the receptor level; and 3) the cAMP signal is more sensitive to the regulation by phosphorylation than cGMP in rat pinealocytes.

scholarly journals Protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A alter cell shape and F-actin distribution and inhibit stimulus-dependent increases in cytoskeletal actin of human neutrophils

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 2911-2919 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kreienbuhl ◽  
H Keller ◽  
V Niggli
Keyword(s):  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Calyculin A ◽  
Chemotactic Peptide ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Actin Localization ◽  
Shape Changes

Abstract The phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A were found to elicit or to modify several neutrophil responses, suggesting that dephosphorylation plays a regulatory role. The concentrations of okadaic acid (> or = 1 mumol/L) that were effective on neutrophil functions (shape changes and marginal stimulation of pinocytosis) were shown to stimulate the incorporation of 32PO4 into many neutrophil proteins several-fold. Calyculin A was effective at 50-fold lower concentrations. In the presence of the inhibitors, the cells exhibited a nonpolar shape and the polarization response induced by chemotactic peptide was inhibited. Both phosphatase inhibitors also induced the association of F-actin with the cell membrane. A steady-state phosphatase activity is thus involved in maintaining shape and F-actin localization of resting cells. Inhibitors alone had no significant effect on the amount of cytoskeleton-associated actin. The increase in cytoskeletal actin observed at 30 minutes of stimulation with phorbol ester or 5 to 30 minutes of stimulation with chemotactic peptide, however, was abolished by okadaic acid or calyculin A, suggesting an important role of a phosphatase. In contrast, the early increase in cytoskeleton-associated actin observed at 1 minute of stimulation with peptide was not affected. This finding indicates that the increased association of actin with the cytoskeleton in the early and the later stages of neutrophil activation may be mediated by different signalling pathways.

Intracellular pH on adrenergic-stimulated cAMP and cGMP production in rat pinealocytes

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (4) ◽  
pp. C642-C649 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Ho ◽  
M. Girard ◽  
I. Young ◽  
C. L. Chik
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Adrenergic Regulation ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
Cgmp Production ◽  
Camp And Cgmp Production ◽  
Camp And Cgmp

In rat pinealocytes, activation of alpha 1-adrenergic receptors leads to increases in intracellular pH (pHi). In this study, the role of pHi on adrenergic regulation of cyclic nucleotide accumulation was investigated using ammonium chloride, which increased pHi, and sodium propionate, which reduced pHi. Ammonium chloride significantly enhanced the norepinephrine-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) responses, while it selectively potentiated the isoproterenol (ISO)-stimulated cGMP response. Reduction of pHi by sodium propionate reduced the norepinephrine-stimulated cGMP accumulation by 70%, and its effect on the ISO-stimulated cGMP response was stimulatory. Treatment with sodium propionate effectively neutralized the enhancing effects of ammonium chloride on the adrenergic-stimulated cAMP and cGMP responses. These effects of sodium propionate and ammonium chloride on cyclic nucleotides appeared to reflect altered rate of synthesis, and they were also in part secondary to changes in intracellular Ca2+. Our findings indicate that the receptor-mediated changes in pHi may play an integral part in the adrenergic regulation of cAMP and cGMP production in rat pinealocytes.

scholarly journals Protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A alter cell shape and F-actin distribution and inhibit stimulus-dependent increases in cytoskeletal actin of human neutrophils

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 2911-2919 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Kreienbuhl ◽  
H Keller ◽  
V Niggli
Keyword(s):  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Calyculin A ◽  
Chemotactic Peptide ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Actin Localization ◽  
Shape Changes

The phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A were found to elicit or to modify several neutrophil responses, suggesting that dephosphorylation plays a regulatory role. The concentrations of okadaic acid (> or = 1 mumol/L) that were effective on neutrophil functions (shape changes and marginal stimulation of pinocytosis) were shown to stimulate the incorporation of 32PO4 into many neutrophil proteins several-fold. Calyculin A was effective at 50-fold lower concentrations. In the presence of the inhibitors, the cells exhibited a nonpolar shape and the polarization response induced by chemotactic peptide was inhibited. Both phosphatase inhibitors also induced the association of F-actin with the cell membrane. A steady-state phosphatase activity is thus involved in maintaining shape and F-actin localization of resting cells. Inhibitors alone had no significant effect on the amount of cytoskeleton-associated actin. The increase in cytoskeletal actin observed at 30 minutes of stimulation with phorbol ester or 5 to 30 minutes of stimulation with chemotactic peptide, however, was abolished by okadaic acid or calyculin A, suggesting an important role of a phosphatase. In contrast, the early increase in cytoskeleton-associated actin observed at 1 minute of stimulation with peptide was not affected. This finding indicates that the increased association of actin with the cytoskeleton in the early and the later stages of neutrophil activation may be mediated by different signalling pathways.

Multiple apoptotic death types triggered through activation of separate pathways by cAMP and inhibitors of protein phosphatases in one (IPC leukemia) cell line

1994 ◽  
Vol 107 (12) ◽  
pp. 3363-3377 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.T. Gjertsen ◽  
L.I. Cressey ◽  
S. Ruchaud ◽  
G. Houge ◽  
M. Lanotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Leukemia Cell Line ◽  
Calyculin A ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Apoptotic Death ◽  
Protein Phosphatase Inhibitors ◽  
Rrna Cleavage

The protein phosphatase inhibitors okadaic acid and calyculin A at moderate concentrations induced three types of apoptotic promyelocytic leukemia cell death, distinct with respect to ultrastructure and polynucleotide fragmentation. Calyculin A at higher concentrations (> 50 nM) induced a non-apoptotic death type with high ATP and pronounced micromitochondriosis. This suggests that protein phosphorylation pathways are involved in the triggering of several death pathways. Activation of the cAMP kinase induced yet another apoptotic death type, preferentially affecting cells in S-phase. In fact, cAMP acted in two ways to stop IPC promyelocyte proliferation: (1) block in late G1 (preventing new cells from entering DNA replication); and (2) induction of apoptosis in S-phase. cAMP and phosphatase inhibitors acted via distinct pathways. The inhibitors suppressed cAMP-induced death, but only at concentrations high enough to commit the cells to alternative, less conspicuous death types. The tumor-promoting activity of okadaic acid and calyculin A may therefore not be by protection against apoptosis. DNA fragmentation correlated with the novel feature of limited 28 S rRNA cleavage, suggesting co-ordinated polynucleotide cleavage, possibly directed against illegitimate polynucleotides, in some apoptotic death types.

Injection of guanosine 5'-cyclic monophosphate into heart cells blocks calcium slow channels

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (5) ◽  
pp. H745-H749 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bkaily ◽  
N. Sperelakis
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Nucleotides ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Heart Cells ◽  
Myocardial Cells ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
Intracellular Injection ◽  
Ventricular Cells ◽  
Camp And Cgmp ◽  
Slow Action Potentials

The role of guanosine 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) in the regulation of the ionic slow channels in heart muscle is less well known than that of adenosine 3,'5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP). The effects of intracellular injection of cAMP and cGMP in cultured chick embryonic heart (ventricular) cells by the liposome method were studied. Injection of cAMP into the cells induced spontaneous slow action potentials that could be blocked by verapamil and nifedipine. Injection of cGMP blocked on-going slow action potentials, and this effect was reversed by increasing cAMP. Thus both cAMP and cGMP are involved in the regulation of the slow calcium channels in myocardial cells, and the two cyclic nucleotides are antagonistic.

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