Does calcium mediate the slowing of gastric emptying in primates?

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. G200-G203
Author(s):  
J. N. Hunt ◽  
P. R. McHugh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Disodium Edetate ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Duodenal Epithelium

Disodium edetate (EDTA, 1 g/l) in test meals of water slowed gastric emptying strongly in one human and in four rhesus monkeys. When the binding sites of the EDTA were loaded with calcium before it was given in the test meal, there was little effect on gastric emptying. It is suggested that EDTA takes up calcium from the “tight junctions” of the duodenal epithelium. As a result a signal is set up that slows gastric emptying. It is postulated that the anions of fatty acids produced during the digestion of triglycerides in the duodenum also slow gastric emptying by the same mechanism. We explain how fats, carbohydrates, and proteins could all slow gastric emptying by operating on the same receptor.

Does calcium mediate slowing of gastric emptying by fat in humans?

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. G89-G94
Author(s):  
J. N. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Disodium Edetate ◽  
Lateral Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Duodenal Lumen ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relative Potencies ◽  
Osmotic Stimuli

The relative potencies of 47 compounds in slowing gastric emptying in one subject are given. The majority of the most effective compounds are detergent, but all detergents do not slow gastric emptying. It is proposed that the property common to those detergents that slow gastric emptying is the binding of ionized calcium. Disodium edetate (EDTA) is not a detergent. It has a high affinity for calcium, and it slows gastric emptying strongly. Reasons are given for proposing that decreasing the volumes of the lateral intercellular spaces of the luminal half of the duodenal villi mediates the slowing of gastric emptying by carbohydrate, protein, fats, and acids. Osmotic stimuli in the duodenal lumen, or in the enterocytes, reduce the flux of water into the lateral intercellular spaces. Anions of fatty acids and hydrogen ions displace calcium from a site on the tight junctions at the luminal border of the enterocytes. As a result, the tight junctions become more permeant to water and the lateral intercellular spaces shrink as their content drains into the duodenal lumen. Shrinking of the lateral intercellular space is proposed as the final common event in the transduction of the duodenal stimuli that slow gastric emptying.

13C-octanoic acid breath test (OBT) with a new test meal (EXPIROGer®): Toward standardization for testing gastric emptying of solids

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Perri ◽  
Massimo Bellini ◽  
Piero Portincasa ◽  
Andrea Parodi ◽  
Patrizia Bonazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Breath Test ◽  
Octanoic Acid

Adaptation to high-fat diet accelerates emptying of fat but not carbohydrate test meals in humans

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. R366-R371 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Castiglione ◽  
N. W. Read ◽  
S. J. French
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Before And After

Previous work has shown that the gastric emptying rate in animals and humans can adapt due to previous dietary intake. The present study investigated whether adaptation in gastric emptying rate due to consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) is nutrient specific in humans. Gastric emptying of high-fat and high-carbohydrate test meals was measured (using gamma scintigraphy) before and after consumption of an HFD for 14 days in eight free-living male volunteers. Visual analog ratings of appetite were recorded throughout each test. There was no effect of HFD on any parameters of gastric emptying rate (lag phase, half-emptying time, and linear emptying rate) measured for carbohydrate test meals. HFD led to an acceleration of the linear emptying rate of the high-fat test meal (0.36 vs. 0.47%/min; P < 0.05). All meals reduced appetite ratings, but there were no differences between tests. These results support our previous findings of accelerated gastric emptying of high-fat test meals following an HFD and show that these changes appear to be nutrient specific, confirming recent studies in rats.

Comparative influences of acoustic and cold stress on gastrointestinal transit in mice

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. G124-G128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gue ◽  
J. Fioramonti ◽  
L. Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Magnetic Tape ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Administration ◽  
Geometric Center

The effects of acoustic and cold stress on gastric emptying and intestinal transit were evaluated in mice treated with saline, diazepam, muscimol, propranolol, and naloxone using a radiolabeled chromium test meal. Acoustic stress (AS) was produced by playing music from a magnetic tape through loudspeakers (less than 86 dB) in a confined box at room temperature; and cold stress (CS) was produced by cold (10 degrees C) exposure. AS and CS sessions lasted 20 min. Both AS and CS were accompanied by a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in gastric emptying during at least 1 h. When measured 30 min after the meal, AS and CS increased gastric emptying from 43% of the test meal to 63 and 73%, respectively. Only CS affected intestinal transit, causing a 12.1% increase of the geometric center when measured 30 min after the test meal. Diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) muscimol (0.5 mg/kg), or propranolol (1 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally reduced or abolished the effects of AS and CS on both gastric emptying and intestinal transit. In contrast naloxone (0.2 mg/kg im), which increased gastric emptying when injected alone, was unable to affect the AS-induced alterations of gastric emptying but partially reduced those of CS. Intracerebroventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (250 ng/kg) also increased by 52.1% the gastric emptying, whereas the geometric center was not affected. It is concluded that both AS and CS accelerate gastric emptying in mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

THE INFLUENCE OF TEST MEAL COMPOSITION ON GASTRIC EMPTYING IN MAN

1947 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin Henschel ◽  
Ancel Keys ◽  
Angie Mae Sturgeon ◽  
Henry Longstreet Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Meal Composition

Effects of Met-enkephalin and naloxone on gastric emptying and secretion in rhesus monkeys

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. G196-G200
Author(s):  
P. T. Shea-Donohue ◽  
N. Adams ◽  
J. Arnold ◽  
A. Dubois
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Opiate Receptor ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Gastric Function ◽  
Sodium Potassium

Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of enkephalins in gastric neurons and endocrine cells; however, their role in the regulation of gastric function is unknown. The effect of Met-enkephalin (MET), the stable analogue of Met-enkephalin [D-Ala2]Met-enkephalinamide (DMET), and the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone were studied in five chair-adapted rhesus monkeys. A dye-dilution technique was used to determine simultaneously fractional emptying rate, hydrogen, sodium, potassium, and chloride ion output, and fluid output. Both MET and DMET significantly inhibited fractional emptying rate and H+ secretion following an 80-ml water meal. Only MET, however, significantly altered fluid and sodium ion output. Naloxone had no effect on gastric function following the water meal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document