scholarly journals Effect of feeding diets of varying fatty acid composition on apolipoprotein expression in newborn swine

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (4) ◽  
pp. G645-G651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Wang ◽  
Felicia Hunter ◽  
Dennis D. Black
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Total Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Hepatic Expression

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chronic (1 wk) feeding of dietary triacylglycerol (TG) of varying fatty acid composition on small intestinal and hepatic apolipoprotein expression, as well as serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations, in newborn swine. Two-day-old female swine were fed one of three diets by gavage with the following lipid composition: medium-chain TG (MCT; MCT oil), intermediate-chain saturated TG (ICST; coconut oil), and long-chain polyunsaturated TG (LCPUT; safflower oil) at 753 kJ ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ day−1with 51% of energy from fat. After 1 wk, serum lipids and apolipoprotein concentrations were measured, and jejunal apolipoprotein B (apo B) and apo A-I mass and apo B, apo A-I, apo A-IV, and apo C-III synthesis were measured. Liver was processed for determination of apo B and apo A-I mass and apo B, apo A-I, apo C-III, and β-actin mRNA abundance by slot blot hybridization. Compared with the MCT and LCPUT groups, the ICST group had higher total serum cholesterol, TG, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, and apo A-I concentrations. There were no differences among the three groups for intestinal apolipoprotein mass or synthesis. In liver, apo A-I mass was highest in the ICST group. Liver apo A-I and apo C-III mRNA abundance was highest in the ICST group. Among all three groups, hepatic apo A-I mass correlated significantly with plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations, and serum TG concentrations correlated with hepatic apo C-III mRNA abundance. In conclusion, we found that in the newborn piglet, chronic feeding of ICST increases serum total cholesterol, TG, HDL-cholesterol, and apo A-I concentrations and hepatic expression of apo A-I and apo C-III mRNA, compared with feeding of MCT or LCPUT. We speculate that increased hepatic apo A-I expression may contribute to the higher serum HDL and apo A-I concentrations in the ICST animals. Increased hepatic expression of apo C-III with ICST feeding may contribute to the higher serum TG concentrations by apo C-III-mediated inhibition of the catabolism of triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins.

44 MUSCLE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND LIPOGENIC GENE EXPRESSION IN ADULT BOVINE CLONES AND CONTROL CATTLE

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Berthelot ◽  
L. Bernard ◽  
C. Richard ◽  
P. Chavatte-Palmer ◽  
Y. Heyman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Muscle Gene Expression ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
Genotype 2

Previous evaluation of milk and meat from clone cattle compared with AI control cows indicated that these products were in the normal range of data, but slight differences were observed in their fatty acid (FA) composition and muscle Δ9-desaturase indexes (Heyman et al. 2007 Animal 1, 936-972). It was therefore hypothesized that epigenic modifications induced by the nuclear transfer technology may affect the expression of the 2 genes [stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD)-1, SCD5] responsible for Δ9-desaturation in bovines. The aim of the present experiment was to analyze the differences between clones and controls on FA composition and on SCD1 and SCD5 gene expression of the semitendinosus (ST) muscle. Biopsies of ST were taken from 5 clones from 2 different Holstein genotypes and 5 Holstein AI controls at 26 months of age. Each sample was immediately split into 3 aliquots, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at -80°C until analysis. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography after lipid extraction and methylation according to Bas et al. (2005 Meat Sci. 71, 317-326). Total RNA was isolated from 300 mg of muscle tissue and abundance of SCD1 and SCD5 genes transcripts was determined by RT-PCRas described by Bernard et al. (2005 J. Dairy Sci. 88, 1478-1489) and Lengi and Corl (2007 Lipids 42, 499-508). Results are expressed as percentage of total FA for the FA composition and mRNA abundance of SCD1 and SCD5 determined as relative to the abundance of cyclophilin A mRNA. Statistical analyses were performed using the GLM procedure of SAS (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Single degree of freedom orthogonal contrasts were used to compare effects of cloning (AI controls v. clones) as well as effects of clone genotypes (genotype 1 v. genotype 2). The C14:0, C14:1 cis-9, C16:0, C16:1 cis-9, and C18:0 proportions in ST were not different between clones and controls. However, clones tended to have a lower proportion of C18:1 n - 9 (-3.1% of total FA; P < 0.07) and higher proportions of C18:2 n - 6 (+1.2% of total FA; P < 0.01), C18:3 n - 3 (+0.7% of total FA; P < 0.05) and n - 3 polyunsaturated FA (+1.17% of total FA; P < 0.05) than controls. Ratios of C14 and C16 Δ9-desaturation in ST were not different between clones and controls but a lower C18 Δ9-desaturation ratio for the clones compared with controls was observed (0.76 v. 0.79; P < 0.05). The mRNA abundance of SCD1 was lower in clone compared with control cows (3.8 v. 8.5; P < 0.05), which could be explained by the higher proportion of n - 3 polyunsaturated FA observed in clones because of the negative effects of these polyunsaturated FA on SCD gene expression. The only difference observed between genotypes was for the C18:0 proportion in muscle (P < 0.05). In conclusion, in our set of animals, cloning decreased the ST muscle gene expression of SCD1 but not of SCD5, which is related to a slight decrease in C18 Δ9-desaturation ratio.

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition and regulatory gene expression in late-term embryos of ACRB and COBB broilers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengchen Su ◽  
Yidi Wang ◽  
Miyoung Suh ◽  
Michael Azain ◽  
Woo Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthase ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Apo B

Abstract Background:Cobb broilers (COBB) have been heavily selected for their production performance in the past several decades, while the Athens Canadian Random Bred (ACRB) chickens, a meat-type breed, has been kept as a non-selected control strain. The purpose of this study was to compare these two lines of chickens at late-embryonic development and identify the molecular markers and fatty acid profiles underlining their differences in growth performance due to selection. Results: COBB had higher egg weight, embryo weight, and breast and fat ratio. The gene expression in the liver showed an interaction between age and breed on FASN (fatty acid synthase) expression with the highest level in COBB at E18. ACRB had higher Apo-B (apolipoprotein B) and MTTP (microsomal triglyceride transfer protein) expression, but lower SREBP-1(regulatory element-binding protein 1) expression compared to COBB. No difference was found in myogenesis gene expression in the muscle between two breeds. For the fatty acid composition, muscle was largely affected by both breed and age. Yolk and liver were affected mainly by breed and age, respectively. Constant interaction effects in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), indicating the highest level in all the tested tissues of ACRB at E14 and the constant main effects with higher myristic, palmitic and gondoic, but lower linolenic acid in the liver and yolk of COBB compared to in those of ACRB. At last, fat accumulation in the liver had no obvious difference between the breeds but was higher when embryo was older. Conclusions: Broiler breed affects egg, embryo and tissue weight, as well as FA composition in initial egg yolk and throughout the embryonic development. The highest docosahexaenoic percentage was observed in ACRB, indicating that genetic selection may result in fatty acid profile changes in chicken tissues and eggs.

scholarly journals Influence of feeding graded levels of canned sardines on the inflammatory markers and tissue fatty acid composition of Wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro O. Rodrigues ◽  
Susana V. Martins ◽  
Paula A. Lopes ◽  
Cristina Ramos ◽  
Samuel Miguéis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Retroperitoneal Adipose Tissue

Canned sardines are a ready-to-use fish product with excellent nutritional properties owing to its highn-3 long-chain PUFA content, mainly EPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3). The present study aimed to assess the effect of two dosages of canned sardines, recommended for the primary and secondary prevention of human CVD, on the inflammatory marker concentrations and fatty acid composition of erythrocytes and key metabolic tissues (liver, muscle, adipose tissue and brain) in the rat model. Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 11 % (w/w) of canned sardines (low-sardine (LS) diet) and a diet containing 22 % (w/w) of canned sardines (high-sardine (HS) diet) for 10 weeks. Daily food intake, weight gain, and organ and final body weights were not affected by the dietary treatments. The concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol decreased in both the LS and HS groups, while those of alanine aminotransferase and adiponectin increased. The concentrations of IL-1β increased only with the highest dosage of sardine. The dose-dependent influence of the graded levels of EPA+DHA was tissue specific. Compared with that of other tissues and erythrocytes, the fatty acid composition of the brain was less affected by the canned sardine-supplemented diets. In contrast, the retroperitoneal adipose tissue was highly responsive. The deposition ratios of EPA and DHA indicated that the LS diet was optimal for DHA deposition across the tissues, except in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Taken together, our findings indicate that a LS diet positively affects plasma lipid profiles and inflammatory mediators, whereas a HS diet has contradictory effects on IL-1β, which, in turn, is not associated with variations in the concentrations of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. This finding requires further investigation and pathophysiological understanding.

scholarly journals Association of Plasma Lipids Fatty Acid Composition With Metabolic Profile of Czech Adolescents

2015 ◽  
pp. S167-S175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. HLAVATY ◽  
E. TVRZICKA ◽  
B. STANKOVA ◽  
H. ZAMRAZILOVA ◽  
B. SEDLACKOVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat

Obesity in childhood increases the risk of obesity in adulthood and is predictive for the development of metabolic disorders. The fatty acid composition is associated with obesity and obesity-associated disorders. We investigated the relationship between serum fatty acids composition, adiposity, lipids profile, parameters of glucose metabolism and leptin. The study subjects were 380 adolescents aged 15.0-17.9 years. The study's variables included anthropometric measurements, levels of serum lipids and hormonal parameters. Individual fatty acids were determined in plasma by gas-liquid chromatography. Palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7, PA) significantly positively correlated with percentage of body fat. Saturated fatty acids in phospholipids (PL) positively correlated with BMI and percentage of body fat. PA content in all lipids classes positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) levels. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity positively correlated with percentage of body fat and positive correlations of SCD and PA level with leptin were found. Plasma PA content and SCD are associated with adiposity and leptin in obese adolescents. No significant correlation between PA level and insulin resistance was found. Palmitoleate positively correlated with TC, HDL cholesterol, TG and LDL cholesterol levels.

Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Salo ◽  
E Vartiainen ◽  
P Puska ◽  
T Nikkari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

Health Benefits of Pumpkin Seed and Nutrition Profile of 35 Pumpkin Accessions

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey M. Meru ◽  
Yuqing Fu ◽  
Dayana Leyva ◽  
Paul Sarnoski ◽  
Yavuz Yagiz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Production Practices

This article aims to summise production and nutrition aspects of pumpkin seed. Specifically, it focuses on health benefits of the seeds, production practices and provides data on the oil, protein and fatty acid composition of 35 pumpkin accessions.  

The effect of SNP (rs174537) in FADS1 gene on fatty acid composition in serum lipids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Metelcová ◽  
Markéta Vaňková ◽  
Hana Zamrazilová ◽  
Milena Hovhannisyan ◽  
Eva Tvrzická ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Serum Lipids
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