Dose-Effect of a 6-week treatment with PEP2DIA®, a Patented Milk Protein Hydrolysate on Sucrose Tolerance in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) Rats

Objectives The study was designed to evaluate the dose-effect of PEP2DIA(r)(PEP), a milk protein hydrolysate on glycemic control of type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats treated for 6 weeks. Methods Rats (n = 10) were treated with PEP solubilized in spring water by oral gavage once a day for 6 weeks. The effects of a 6-week-administration of PEP (63 mg/kg, 88.6 mg/kg and 126 mg/kg per os) were evaluated on sucrose tolerance and insulin response to sucrose in type 2 diabetic GK rats from weaning (3 weeks) to adult age (9 weeks). Circulating GLP-1 concentration and DDP-4 activity, α-glucosidase activity in duodenum and jejunum, Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) and Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c) gene expressions in liver and retroperitoneal adipose tissue were also measured. PEP is a patented milk protein hydrolysate containing AP dipeptides which inhibit alpha glucosidase. The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor Acarbose (40 mg/kg) was used as reference. Results The 6 week-treatment with PEP at 3 doses improved sucrose tolerance with the best effect at the dose of 63 mg/kg. Insulin response to sucrose was lower than control after PEP treatment at all the doses tested with the strongest decrease with 63 mg/kg of PEP. This decrease in insulin response seems to be at least in part the consequence of an improvement of the insulin resistance of the GK rats. At the lowest dose tested (63 mg/kg), FAS and SREBP-1c gene expressions were significantly decreased in retroperitoneal adipose tissue of GK rats, suggesting that PEP inhibited lipogenesis. PEP treatment induced strong increases in GLP-1 plasma level at all the doses tested but the difference reached significance only with 63 and 126 mg/kg of PEP. An inhibition of alpha-glucosidase in duodenum but not in jejunum was observed after the 6-week-treatment with PEP. Moreover, in retroperitoneal adipose tissue, PEP at the lowest dose tested (63 mg/kg), significantly decreased gene expression of both SREBP-1c and FAS, suggesting a beneficial effect on triglyceride accumulation in adipose tissue Conclusions These results showed that PEP2DIA(r) could have a beneficial effect on glycemic control of type 2 diabetic GK rats and suggest that this milk protein hydrolysate should be beneficial Impaired Fasting Glucose or Impaired Glucose Tolerance subjects for delaying the progression to overt type 2 diabetes. Funding Sources INGREDIA S.A.

Aerobic Exercise Training Prevents Impairment in Renal Parameters and in Body Composition of Rats Fed a High Sucrose Diet.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of swimming training (T) on the renal system and body composition parameters in young animals treated with a high sucrose diet (SUD) during 12 weeks.Results: The SUD impaired the physical performance, increased the body adiposity index (BAI), Lee index (LI) and retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RAT) weight, proteinuria, plasma creatinine and number renal cells nuclei, decreased urinary volume and creatinine besides creatinine clearance. The T reversed the increased the BAI, LI, RAT weight, plasma and urinary creatinine, creatinine clearance and number renal cells nuclei. This study found that eight weeks of swimming physical training protected renal function and restored normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values. Swimming training also contributed to prevention of the onset of a renal inflammatory process and caused a decrease in the risk of development of obesity promoted by SUD decreasing the body composition parameters (BAI, LI, and RAT weight).

Murinometric measurements and retroperitoneal adipose tissue in young rats exposed to the high-fat diet: Is there correlation?

Aim This study aimed to verify the correlation between murine measurements and retroperitoneal adipose tissue in rats exposed to the high-fat diet. Material and methods: Wistar male adult rats, descendants of mothers who consumed a high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation and fed the same diet after weaning were used. At 60 days of life, body weight, longitudinal axis and waist circumference (WC) were measured. The Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Lee Index were calculated for a posterior analysis of the correlation with the amount of retroperitoneal adipose tissue dissected on the same day. For analysis of the data, the Pearson correlation test was used, considering statistical significance for p <0.05. Results: Body weight had a weak correlation (r= 0.31; p= 0.38) with retroperitoneal adipose tissue. While the longitudinal correlated moderately and negative (r= -0.40; p= 0.25). Abdominal circumference (r= 0.62; p= 0.05), body mass index (r= 0.61; p= 0.03) and Lee (r= 0.69; p= 0.03) correlated moderately and positively with adipose tissue. Conclusion: Among the measured murine measurements, weight and longitudinal axis were not good indicators to represent accumulation of retroperitoneal adipose tissue in rats. However, Lee's index seems to be the best murine marker to diagnose the accumulation of retroperitoneal fat. BMI, CA and Lee index were murine parameters with higher correlation.

Metachronous metastasis to contralateral retroperitoneal adipose tissue after radical nephrectomy: a case report and review of the literature

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasis to the adrenal gland, perirenal adipose tissue, and ureter on the contralateral side is rare. We report a case of solitary metachronous clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) metastasis to the contralateral retroperitoneal adipose tissue, which was identified after radical nephrectomy. A patient had undergone retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for RCC in the right kidney in December 2012. Postoperative pathological analysis showed Fuhrman grade I ccRCC, T1bN0M0. Three years after surgery, a solitary tumor of 1.0 × 1.0 cm was identified by an abdominal computed tomographic scan inside the retroperitoneal fat pad in front of the left posterior abdominal wall, without adhesion to the abdominal wall. The tumor was then completely resected by retroperitoneal laparoscopic resection. Pathological analysis showed that it was a metastasized lesion from a previous tumor. Nine months after surgery, there was no sign of recurrence confirmed by radiographic follow-up. Findings from this case indicate the unpredictability of dissemination of RCC. Our findings support a follow-up regimen that includes regular postoperative computed tomographic scans to identify early metastasis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of contralateral retroperitoneal adipose metastasis after laparoscopic tumorectomy.

Consumption of baru nuts (Dipteryx alata) in the treatment of obese mice

ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated the effects of baru nut consumption on body weight, percent adiposity, amount of adipose tissue and blood levels in obese male Swiss mice. After inducing obesity by providing high-glucose diet (60 days), the mice were divided into 4 groups (7 animals per group) and were fed on a control diet (C), high-glucose diet (HG) or high-glucose diet added with baru (HGBA) or soybean oil (HGSO). Groups fed with diet HGBA had a decrease in the weight gain and glucose and triglyceride levels when compared to diet HG. Aimals fed with HG exhibited a higher proportion of epididymal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue. The inclusion of baru nut in the diet improved the control of weight gain and glucose and triglyceride levels in obese mice.