Influence of feeding graded levels of canned sardines on the inflammatory markers and tissue fatty acid composition of Wistar rats

Canned sardines are a ready-to-use fish product with excellent nutritional properties owing to its highn-3 long-chain PUFA content, mainly EPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3). The present study aimed to assess the effect of two dosages of canned sardines, recommended for the primary and secondary prevention of human CVD, on the inflammatory marker concentrations and fatty acid composition of erythrocytes and key metabolic tissues (liver, muscle, adipose tissue and brain) in the rat model. Wistar rats were fed a diet containing 11 % (w/w) of canned sardines (low-sardine (LS) diet) and a diet containing 22 % (w/w) of canned sardines (high-sardine (HS) diet) for 10 weeks. Daily food intake, weight gain, and organ and final body weights were not affected by the dietary treatments. The concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol decreased in both the LS and HS groups, while those of alanine aminotransferase and adiponectin increased. The concentrations of IL-1β increased only with the highest dosage of sardine. The dose-dependent influence of the graded levels of EPA+DHA was tissue specific. Compared with that of other tissues and erythrocytes, the fatty acid composition of the brain was less affected by the canned sardine-supplemented diets. In contrast, the retroperitoneal adipose tissue was highly responsive. The deposition ratios of EPA and DHA indicated that the LS diet was optimal for DHA deposition across the tissues, except in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Taken together, our findings indicate that a LS diet positively affects plasma lipid profiles and inflammatory mediators, whereas a HS diet has contradictory effects on IL-1β, which, in turn, is not associated with variations in the concentrations of other pro-inflammatory cytokines. This finding requires further investigation and pathophysiological understanding.

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Fatty acid composition of liver and adipose tissue lipids in Wistar rats with fat diet-induced obesity

Nahrung/Food ◽

10.1002/food.19850290608 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 577-583

Author(s):

C.-E. Völcker ◽

W. Haude

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Tissue Lipids

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The effects of dietary fatty acid composition in the post-sucking period on metabolic alterations in adulthood: can ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent adverse programming outcomes?

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-12-0191 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 215 (1) ◽

pp. 119-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Miao Hou ◽

Chenlin Ji ◽

Jing Wang ◽

Yanhua Liu ◽

Bin Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Metabolic Alterations ◽

Dietary Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Retroperitoneal Adipose Tissue ◽

Pufa Diet

Early life nutrition is important in the regulation of metabolism in adulthood. We studied the effects of different fatty acid composition diets on adiposity measures, glucose tolerance, and peripheral glucocorticoid (GC) metabolism in overfed neonatal rats. Rat litters were adjusted to a litter size of three (small litters (SLs)) or ten (normal litters (NLs)) on postnatal day 3 to induce overfeeding or normal feeding respectively. After weaning, SL and NL rats were fed a ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) diet (14% calories as fat, soybean oil) or high-saturated fatty acid (high-fat; 31% calories as fat, lard) diet until postnatal week 16 respectively. SL rats were also divided into the third group fed a ω3 PUFA diet (14% calories as fat, fish oil). A high-fat diet induced earlier and/or more pronounced weight gain, hyperphagia, glucose intolerance, and hyperlipidemia in SL rats compared with NL rats. In addition, a high-fat diet increased11β-hsd1(Hsd11b1) mRNA expression and activity in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue of both litter groups compared with standard chow counterparts, whereas high-fat feeding increased hepatic11β-hsd1mRNA expression and activity only in SL rats. SL and a high-fat diet exhibited significant interactions in both retroperitoneal adipose tissue and hepatic 11β-HSD1 activity. Dietary ω3 PUFA offered protection against glucose intolerance and elevated GC exposure in the retroperitoneal adipose tissue and liver of SL rats. Taken together, the results suggest that dietary fatty acid composition in the post-sucking period may interact with neonatal feeding and codetermine metabolic alterations in adulthood.

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Association ofn-3 andn-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma lipid classes with inflammatory bowel diseases

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507682956 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 1154-1161 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Mária Figler ◽

Beata Gasztonyi ◽

Judit Cseh ◽

Gábor Horváth ◽

Andrea G. Kisbenedek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Lipid Classes ◽

Biochemical Basis ◽

Chain Pufa ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Long Chain

In order to establish the biochemical basis for dietary interventions, we investigated the fatty acid composition of plasma lipid classes in patients with inactive inflammatory bowel disease. In this cross-sectional study thirty patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), twenty-one with Crohn disease (CD) and twenty-four controls were investigated (mean age: UC, 40·8 (sd12·1); CD, 37·6 (sd11·0); control, 31·5 (sd8·4) years). Fatty acid composition of plasma lipids was determined by high-resolution capillary GLC. In plasma phospholipids, significantly higher values of eicosapentaenoic (20 : 5n-3), docosapentaenoic (22 : 5n-3) and γ-linolenic (18 : 3n-6) acids were found in control patients and patients with UC as compared to patients with CD [median % (weight by weight), controlv.UCv.CD : 20 : 5n-3, 0·09 (interquartile range (IQR) 0·05)v.0·14 (IQR 0·10)v.0·16 (IQR 0·10),P < 0·05; 22 : 5n-3, 0·14 (IQR 0·10)v.0·27 (IQR 0·16)v.0·31 (IQR 0·10),P < 0·001; 18 : 3n-6, 0·02 (IQR 0·02)v.0·03 (IQR 0·02)v.0·05 (IQR 0·03),P < 0·05]. When compared to the control, values of the principaln-3 andn-6 long-chain PUFA, arachidonic acid (20 : 4n-6) and DHA (22 : 6n-3) were significantly higher in patients with UC but not in patients with CD [median % (w/w), UCv.control: 20 : 4n-6, 8·43 (IQR 3·23)v.6·92 (IQR 2·96),P < 0·05; 22 : 6n-3, 1·22 (IQR 0·56)v.0·73 (IQR 0·39),P < 0·05]. As seen there are considerable differences between the long-chain PUFA status of patients suffering from UC or CD. The data obtained in the present study do not support the concept of eicosapentaenoic acid or DHA deficiency in patients with either UC or CD.

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid isomers in breast milk are associated with plasma non-esterified and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition in lactating women

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20051645 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 517-524 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Alexandre G. Torres ◽

Jacqueline G. Ney ◽

Flávia Meneses ◽

Nádia M. F. Trugo

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Milk Fatty Acid ◽

Plasma Nefa ◽

Chain Pufa ◽

Long Chain

Maternal adipose tissue is a major contributor to breast milk long-chain fatty acids, probably through the pool of plasma NEFA. The fatty acid composition of the erythrocyte membrane (EM) is a biochemical index of the intake of fatty acids not synthesized endogenously and of PUFA and long-chain PUFA fatty acid status. The present study investigated the associations between breast milk fatty acid composition and the composition of plasma NEFA and of EM fatty acids with special reference to PUFA, long-chain PUFA and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The detailed fatty acid composition of mature breast milk was also reported. Thirty-three healthy, lactating Brazilian women donated milk samples; of these, twenty-four also donated blood samples in an observational cross-sectional study. Breast milk fatty acid composition presented several associations with NEFA and EM composition, which explained most (≥50%) of the variability of selected milk PUFA, long-chain PUFA and CLA. Milk CLA was associated with fatty acids that are markers of dairy fat intake in the diet, NEFA and EM. In general, breast milk n-3 fatty acids and CLA, but not n-6 fatty acids, were associated with EM composition, whereas both the n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and CLA in milk were associated with NEFA composition, possibly owing to its role as a direct source of fatty acids for breast milk. These findings emphasize the contribution of the NEFA pool derived from the adipose tissue to the long-chain fatty acid composition of breast milk.

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Adipose tissue fatty acid composition and its relations to diet and plasma lipid concentrations in hemodialysis patients

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/53.2.469 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 469-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P M de Vries ◽

H B Folkers ◽

C W de Fijter ◽

J van der Meulen ◽

M Luitingh-van der Veen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Tissue Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid ◽

Tissue Fatty Acid

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Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1660071 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 54 (03) ◽

pp. 563-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

M K Salo ◽

E Vartiainen ◽

P Puska ◽

T Nikkari

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Free Living ◽

Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽

Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

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