scholarly journals Modulation by colonic fermentation of LES function in humans

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (4) ◽  
pp. G578-G584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Piche ◽  
Frank Zerbib ◽  
Stanislas Bruley Des Varannes ◽  
Christine Cherbut ◽  
Younès Anini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
Standard Meal ◽  
Esophageal Ph ◽  
Baseline Recording ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Saline Solutions

Colonic fermentation of carbohydrate has been shown to influence gastric and intestinal motility. Our aim was to investigate the effects of colonic infusion of lactose and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function in humans. LES pressure (LESP), transient relaxations of LES (TLESRs), and esophageal pH were monitored over 6 h on 4 different days in 7 healthy volunteers. After 1 h of baseline recording, the effects of different colonic infusions (270 ml of isotonic or hypertonic saline, 30 g lactose, or 135 mmol SCFAs) were tested in fasting conditions and after a standard meal. Peptide YY (PYY) and oxyntomodulin (OLI) were also measured in plasma. Both lactose and SCFA infusions increased the number of TLESRs as well as the proportion of TLESRs associated with acid reflux episodes, but saline solutions did not. The postprandial fall of LESP was enhanced by previous SCFA infusion. Plasma PYY and OLI increased similarly after all colonic infusions. Colonic fermentation of lactose markedly affected LES function, and this effect was reproduced by SCFA infusion. Whether the mechanisms of this feedback phenomenon are of hormonal nature, neural nature, or both remains to be determined.

scholarly journals Fate of fructo-oligosaccharides in the human intestine

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine S. Alles ◽  
Joseph G. A. J. Hautvast ◽  
Fokko M. Nagengast ◽  
Ralf Hartemink ◽  
Katrien M. J. Van Laere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Faecal Weight ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

There is a need for studies on colonic fermentation in order to learn more abouthealth and diseases of the colon. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fate of twodifferent doses of fructo-oligosaccharides (5 and 15 g/d) v. glucose in the intestine of healthy men. Twenty-four volunteers participated in a 5-weekstudy. The study was a completely balanced multiple crossover trial using an orthogonal Latin-square design for three periods, with supplement periods of 7 d and two 7 d wash-out periods. Breath samples and faecal samples were collected. There was a clear gaseous response to the consumption of fructo-oligosaccharides. The highest dose significantly increased 24 h integratedexcretion of breath H2 (P < 0·05). Breath H2 excretion after ingestion of 5 g fructo-oligosaccharides was higher than control, but did not reach significance. No effects on the total concentration of short-chain fatty acids in faeces were observed, no modification of the molar proportions of the various short-chain fatty acids was observed. The faecal pH did not change. No changes in faecal weight were observed. No fructo-oligosaccharides were recovered in faeces. We conclude that fructo-oligosaccharides added to the diet of young Western subjects are fully metabolized in the large intestine. The level of fermentation seems to be dose-dependent.

Colonic fermentation to short-chain fatty acids is decreased in antibiotic-associated diarrhea

1991 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1497-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette Rye Clausen ◽  
Helen Bonnén ◽  
Michael Tvede ◽  
Per Brøbech Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals GPR41/FFAR3 and GPR43/FFAR2 as Cosensors for Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Enteroendocrine Cells vs FFAR3 in Enteric Neurons and FFAR2 in Enteric Leukocytes

Endocrinology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (10) ◽  
pp. 3552-3564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark K. Nøhr ◽  
Maria H. Pedersen ◽  
Andreas Gille ◽  
Kristoffer L. Egerod ◽  
Maja S. Engelstoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Enteroendocrine Cells ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Receptor

The expression of short-chain fatty acid receptors GPR41/FFAR3 and GPR43/ free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) was studied in the gastrointestinal tract of transgenic monomeric red fluorescent protein (mRFP) reporter mice. In the stomach free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3)-mRFP was expressed in a subpopulation of ghrelin and gastrin cells. In contrast, strong expression of FFAR3-mRFP was observed in all cholecystokinin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and secretin cells of the proximal small intestine and in all glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY, and neurotensin cells of the distal small intestine. Throughout the colon and rectum, FFAR3-mRFP was strongly expressed in the large population of peptide YY and GLP-1 cells and in the neurotensin cells of the proximal colon. A gradient of expression of FFAR3-mRFP was observed in the somatostatin cells from less than 5% in the stomach to more than 95% in the rectum. Substance P-containing enterochromaffin cells displayed a similar gradient of FFAR3-mRFP expression throughout the small intestine. Surprisingly, FFAR3-mRFP was also expressed in the neuronal cells of the submucosal and myenteric ganglia. Quantitative PCR analysis of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) purified FFAR3-mRFP positive cells confirmed the coexpression with the various peptide hormones as well as key neuronal marker proteins. The FFAR2-mRFP reporter was strongly expressed in a large population of leukocytes in the lamina propria of in particular the small intestine but surprisingly only weakly in a subpopulation of enteroendocrine cells. Nevertheless, synthetic ligands specific for either FFAR3 or FFAR2 each released GLP-1 from colonic crypt cultures and the FFAR2 agonist mobilized intracellular Ca2+ in FFAR2 positive enteroendocrine cells. It is concluded that FFAR3-mRFP serves as a useful marker for the majority of enteroendocrine cells of the small and large intestine and that FFAR3 and FFAR2 both act as sensors for short-chain fatty acids in enteroendocrine cells, whereas FFAR3 apparently has this role alone in enteric neurons and FFAR2 in enteric leukocytes.

scholarly journals In vitro Fermentation of Polysaccharides from Aloe vera and the Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Tornero-Martínez ◽  
Rubén Cruz-Ortiz ◽  
María Eugenia Jaramillo-Flores ◽  
Perla Osorio-Díaz ◽  
Sandra Victoria Ávila-Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Soluble or fermentable fibre has prebiotic effects that can be used in the food industry to modify the composition of microbiota species to benefit human health. Prebiotics mostly target Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains, among others, which can fight against chronic diseases since colonic fermentation produces short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The present work studied the changes produced in the fibre and polyphenolic compounds during in vitro digestion of gel (AV) and a polysaccharide extract (AP) from Aloe vera, after which, these fractions were subjected to in vitro colonic fermentation to evaluate the changes in antioxidant capacity and SCFAs production during the fermentation. The results showed that the phenolic compounds increased during digestion, but were reduced in fermentation, as a consequence, the antioxidant activity increased significantly in AV and AP after the digestion. On the other hand, during in vitro colon fermentation, the unfermented fibre of AV and AP responded as lactulose and the total volume of gas produced, which indicates the possible use of Aloe vera and polysaccharide extract as prebiotics.

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